I-Leaflet iyi-fern enhle kakhulu engadini, nayo engatshalwa njengesihlahla sendlu. Ngokungafani nabanye abamele, inamaqabunga aqinile, ngakho-ke ipheshana lesithombe libukeka likhanya kakhulu futhi lingajwayelekile. Imvamisa ibizwa nangokuthi amathambo noma i-phyllitis. Lesi sitshalo sihlala eMedithera nangaphansi kwezintaba zaseYurophu, ezindaweni ezinomthunzi futhi ezinomswakama.
Incazelo
Ipheshana le-Fern liyisihlahla esihlala sivela njalo emndenini wakwaKostenets. Lesi sitshalo sine-rhizome eqondile, enamagatsha anamabili ubude. Izimpande zimbozwe ngezikali ezincane futhi zakha ukuhlangana okuncane ebusweni bomhlaba.
Ingxenye yesihlahla iqukethe amahlamvu pethiole. Kuma-petioles amafushane, aminyene, afinyelela engxenyeni yesithathu yobude beqabunga, kunamaqabunga ama-lanceolate noma ama-strap-like. Ubude bawo buyi-20-50 cm, futhi ububanzi bawo bu malunga ne-4-7 cm. Amaqabunga amancanyana avela entwasahlobo bese ekuqaleni afana negobolondo lomnkantshintshisi, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi aqonde. Uhlangothi olungaphezulu lwe-baw luqinile, luhlaza okotshani. Eplatheni lamashidi, imichilo edlulayo iyabonakala, njengephethini echaziwe yehlamvu lwe-cirrus.
Ama-Soruses asemuva, uhlangothi olumnyama lobuso be-macho. Zifana nemivimbo ephuphutheki egrey etholakala ngokulinganayo. Izinhlobo eziningi zivuthwa ngaphakathi kwazo kwifilimu emincane.
Izinhlobo
Sekukonke, izinhlobo eziyi-10 ezibhalisiwe kuhlu lwamapheshana, kepha kusetshenziswa ingxenye encane yezitshalo kuleso siko. Okuvame kakhulu i-scolopendra noma ipheshana elijwayelekile. Kuvamile emaqeleni ezinyawo aseYurophu naseMelika. I-fern yakha isihlahla esincane esifinyelela ku-60 cm ukuphakama. Ububanzi bamaqabunga entetheke angamaphesenti angama-3-5. Isisekelo seqabunga lakhiwe ngesimo senhliziyo, futhi imiphetho imile kancane. Amahlamvu aqondile futhi agobeka nje kancane ezinhlangothini. Isikali esiluhlaza okotshani noma esinsundu siyabonakala kwi-petiole. Kulesi ukuhlukahluka, izinhlobo eziningana zokuhlobisa ziyenziwa:
- i-undulata - ama-vayas anemiphetho emihle ye-wavy;
- marginatum - ehlukaniswe yi-limiteded, lobed veyi;
- i-cristatum - imiphetho ye-wholeakhala inesimo sokukama;
- i-crispa - inhlobonhlobo yama-curly enomphetho ogcotshwe ngamaqabunga aluhlaza;
- I-Ramo Cristatum yizinhlobonhlobo ezihlobisa kakhulu ngamahlamvu anamahlamvu aqhakazile futhi aqhakaza kakhulu.
Incwajana yaseJapan. Lesi sitshalo sigcwele ebusheni be-Asia: sisuka emaphethelweni ansundu siye ogwini lwezindikimba zamanzi amasha. Amahlamvu we-Lanceolate-ibhande, amaqabunga anesikhumba akha irosette ebanzi. Banwebeka kakhulu ebubanzini, bembula ingxenye esemaphakathi yokuphuma. Ubude bamahlamvu aminyene buyi-20-40 cm.
Ukuzala
Incwajana ingasatshalaliswa ngokutshala noma ngembewu. Lapho ukufakelwa, kwanele ukusika ingxenye ye-rhizome ngamahlumela okukhula. Ubude bawo kufanele okungenani bube ngu-20 cm. Inqubo yenziwa kahle kakhulu ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, kuze kube yilapho i-waiyi encane iqala ukubonakala. Indawo esikiwe ifafazwa ngamalahle aqhekeziwe bese ibekwa enhlabathini enesihlabathi se-peat-sandy. Imbiza igcwele ucwecwe futhi ishiywe endaweni epholile, ekhanyayo.
Amaqabunga ama-fern anempilo angazinza ngendlela efanayo. Kubalulekile ukugcina umswakama ophezulu futhi ngezikhathi ezithile ufafaze inhlabathi kusuka esibhamu sokufafaza. Inqubo ye-rooting inzima kunalokho futhi ingathatha cishe unyaka. Akuzona zonke izingxenye ezakhiwe.
Ukusakazwa kwembewu kubhekwa njengokuphumelela ngokwengeziwe. Ama-spores avuthwa ngamanani amakhulu futhi agcine ukuhluma okuphezulu iminyaka engama-5-8. Amathangi abanzi e-Flat nge-peat alungiselelwe ukutshala. Ama-spores azama ukusabalalisa ngokulinganayo ebusweni, awadingi ukuwafafaza ngomhlaba. Ipuleti limbozwe ifilimu noma ingilazi futhi ivezwe endaweni efudumele, elikhanyayo. Nsuku zonke umoya ungena umoya imizuzu engu-15-30 bese kuthi uma kudingeka, ufafazwe ngamanzi.
Ngemuva kwamaviki awu 2-5, ingaphezulu lomhlabathi lizombozwa ngemifino eminyene yamahlumela amasha. Izithombo esezikhulile zingena ezimbizeni ezincane lapho kuphekwa khona i-peather, umhlaba we-heather nesihlabathi. Ngemuva kwamaviki ama-2-3, ukukhethwa kuyaphindwa. Izithombo zikhula ngenkuthalo futhi lapho kuphela unyaka wokuqala ziba nesitshalo esidala.
Imithetho Yokunakekela
Ipheshana lidinga ukunakekelwa okuthe xaxa ekhaya, kepha livuza amahlumela aqhakazile futhi amahle kakhulu ngemizamo yabo. Indawo enhle kunazo zonke kuzoba indawo enomthunzi nensimu engadini. Ukulima okungaphakathi endlini, kuyasiza ukukhetha igumbi elipholile elinezibani ezingekho emthethweni. Ngokukhanya okugqamile ngokweqile, amahlamvu epheshana aba ophuzi, okunciphisa ukuheha kwawo. I-Fern ingafakwa ezindaweni ezimnyama kakhulu lapho ezinye izimbali zizizwa zingakhululekile.
Iqabunga lidinga umoya omncane ojwayelekile nomoya omusha. Izinga lokushisa elikhulu ngu- + 20 ... +22 ° C. Lesi sitshalo asesabi okusalungiswa nokupholisa ebusuku, kepha ukushisa kwehlobo kuyisivivinyo sangempela sokukhuthazela. Ebusika, amakhophi angaphakathi endlini adinga ukudala umoya opholile (+ 12 ... +15 ° C). Izitshalo zegadi zingabanda ebusika nendawo yokukhosela, azilahli amaqabunga aqhakazile.
Iqabunga lidinga ukuthambisa njalo. Inhlabathi akufanele yomile, kepha ukuzimuka kwamanzi kuyinto engathandeki. Kungcono ukunisela i-fern nsuku zonke noma zonke ezinye izinsuku ngezinxenye ezincane. Ngokuvamile kusiza ukufafaza i-waya, kanye nokubeka amapuleti aseduze ngamatshe amanzi noma ubumba olwandisiwe. Umakhelwane onamachibi amancane noma umthombo wamukelekile. Emoyeni owomile, amaqabunga angoma kancane. Njengokuphinda uvuselele, ungageza ngezikhathi ezithile i-fern ngaphansi kweseshini elibuthakathaka elifudumele.
Imvamisa ipheshana lithola konke elikudingayo emhlabathini. Umanyolo usetshenziselwa kuphela emazweni athambile. Kanye ngenyanga, kusukela ngoMeyi kuya kuSepthemba, uhhafu womthamo wezimbiwa eziyinkimbinkimbi wezitshalo ezithambile ungezwa emanzini wokunisela.
Njalo ngeminyaka engama-2-3, ipheshana lidinga ukufakelwa, futhi njalo ngeminyaka eyi-8 ekuvuseleleni nasekuhlukaniseni isihlahla. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa i-substrate eyenziwe ngomumo eyenziwe ngeferns. Ungenza nengxube ngokwakho ngokwakho kusuka kulezi zinto ezilandelayo:
- inhlabathi yamaqabunga (izingxenye ezi-2);
- isihlabathi somfula (ingxenye eyi-1);
- amagxolo aqhekekile (ingxenye eyi-1).
Ungqimba obukhulu lwamanzi lubekwa ezansi komgodi noma imbiza yezimbali. Ama-Rhizomes abekwa ngaphezulu ngaphandle kokujulisa ama-aplic efihlekile.
Izinkinga zokunakekelwa ezingaba khona
Ipheshana linokuzivikela komzimba okuqinile futhi alihlaselwa ukuhlaselwa yizimbaza. Izinkinga zingahlanganiswa nokunakekelwa okungafanele. Masihlale ezinkingeni ezivame kakhulu:
- iphetshana liphenduka amaqabunga aphuzi - kushisa kakhulu futhi komile umoya;
- umbala wamaqabunga uyaphela - ukuhlala isikhathi eside elangeni eliqondile;
- ukukhula emuva noma ukweqisa - ukugcwala, ukubola okungase kube khona kokubekezela.
Sebenzisa
Leli pheshana libukeka kahle ezindaweni ezinamadwala nangaphansi kwezihlahla ezinesihlahla esikhulu. Ungatshala i-fern eduze namathanga e-coniferous noma ngasogwini lwe-reservoir encane. Izihlahla ezihlobisa amaqabunga zihlobisa igumbi futhi zihlangana kahle namanye ama-fern. Ukuqanjwa kwezinhlobo eziningana zokuhlobisa ebhodweni elibanzi noma embhedeni wezimbali kuzoba ubuciko bangempela.
