Ngabe iziphi izitshalo zezitamatisi ezolula futhi kuthiwani uma lokhu kwenzeka?

Ukwandisa izithombo ze-utamatisi ezinempilo kuyinkqubo enzima yokwakha izimo ezilula, ngokucabangela izimo zokukhanya, ukushisa kwemoya, isikhathi sokunisela kanye nezinye izici eziningi.

Ngezinye izikhathi izithombo zotamatisi ekhaya ziba eside kakhulu futhi zincane, futhi uma ungazi ukuthi yini okufanele uyenze ezimweni ezinjalo, ungonakalisa zonke izithombo.

Imithetho elula yokunakekelwa ikuvumela ukuba uvikele izithombo ekudonsa iziqu, ukuze zikhule ziphilile, ziphile futhi zizinzile.

Ukuthinta utamatisi kusho ukuthini futhi yini engayikhombisa?

Ukudonsa utamatisi we-seedling yi-elongation kanye nokunciphisa ngesikhathi esisodwa iziqu zezithombo, kwenzekani ngesikhathi esifushane uma kungavumelani nemithetho yokunakekelwa. Kulokhu, ngesikhathi izitshalo zihlwanyelwe, akusiyo inkimbinkimbi, izithombo ezinamandla ezikhulayo, kodwa amahlumela amancane, alula futhi ahlambalazayo ane-stem eside kakhulu elahlekelwa ukuzinza futhi engabanjwa ngokuqondile.

Ukuvuthwa kwezimbewu ezinjalo kuvinjelwe kakhulu, futhi izitshalo ezigxilile zikhula kancane kancane, aziqhakazi kahle futhi zibeke izithelo ezimbi.

Izizathu

Izithombo zamatamatisi zikhishwa ngenxa yokuphulwa kwemigomo yokunakekelwa. Izizathu zingaba yizilandelayo:

1. Ukukhanyisa okwanele. Kusukela lapho imbewu ihlwanyelwa khona, izitshalo zidinga ukukhanya okuhle kwemini. Ukuze utamatisi, uhlangothi olungeningizimu lukhethwa. Azinconywa ukuba zibekelwe kude nomthombo wokukhanya (amawindi). Uma kungabikho ukukhanya, izithombo zizovila futhi ziphele, zikhishwe masinyane ngaphakathi kwesonto elilodwa.
2. Ukungahambisani nombuso wokushisa. Izithombo zamatamatisi zidinga isimo sezulu esifudumele. Ukushisa kwelanga kufanele kube ngaphansi kwama-18-25 degrees, ebusuku - 14-16 degrees. Lapho izinga lokushisa liphakeme kakhulu noma liphansi kakhulu, izithombo zidonsa futhi zinike amahlamvu amancane.
3. Izinkinga zokunisela. Amahlumela ama-utamatisi akhishwa ngamanzi amaningi, ngakho-ke izithombo zandisa uhlelo lwempande futhi ziyazivikela ekuboleni.
4. Ukulingana okunamandla kakhulu okuholela ekuntulekeni kwesikhala hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi ukukhanya kanye nezakhi. Izithombo ziqala ukuvimba, amahlamvu awo aqoqa. Lokhu kuholela ekutheni kancane kancane iziqu zezitshalo, ezingaba zingenalutho futhi zincanyana, zingase ziwe.
5. Izakhi zomzimba ezengeziwe ikakhulukazi, i-nitrogen ne-phosphorus. Ukulinganisa okungalungile kwama-fertilizer noma inhlabathi engakhethi, engafanele utamatisi ngenani lezici ezilandelanayo, kuholela ekusweleni ngokushesha kwezithombo kanye nokuthuthukiswa okuphawulekayo kwesimiso. Lapho usufaka endaweni ehlala njalo, izithombo ezinjalo ngokuvamile azikwazi ukucima.
6. Ukungabi ne-potassium emhlabathini. Ukuntuleka kwe-potassium kubonakala lapho ulungiselela inhlabathi ngokuzimela ngabalimi, kanye nokusebenzisa indala, udaka noma inhlabathi enhlabathini. Kulesi simo, izithombo zisekwe kakhulu, futhi amaqabunga e-cotyledon aphezulu.
7. Ukuphulwa kwesikhathi sokutshala izithombo. Kuvela lapho ukuhlwanyela imbewu kusenesikhathi noma esimweni esingavumelekile sezulu, lapho izithombo zingeke zitshalwe endaweni evulekile ngesikhathi esinconywayo. Esikhathini esizayo, izithombo ezinjalo angeke ziqhakaze futhi zife.
8. Imbewu eningi kakhulu yokutshala. Kuholela ekutheni izithombo zide kakhulu zifike emhlabathini futhi ziqhubeke zikhula esikhathini esizayo.

Indlela yokukhulisa izithombo ekhaya ukuze zingalulazi phezulu?

Ukuze izithombo zingafinyelelwanga, kutuswa ukuba uhambisane neminye imithetho:

1. Ukuhlwanyela imbewu ngesikhathi esicacisiwe emiyalweni yokupakisha imbewu (ngasekupheleni kukaFebruwari noma ekuqaleni kukaMashi). Ngaphansi kwezimo zezulu ezibi, kungcono ukusebenzisa izinhlobo zakuqala ezizoba nesikhathi sokuhamba ngenkathi yabo ekhulayo.
2. Ungadli isikhathi sokutshala izithombo endaweni enomphela.
3. Sebenzisa ukutshala imbewu yekhwalithi engaphelelwa yisikhathi.
4. Cabanga ngesikhathi sokukhanya kwendawo yezithombo.
5. Sebenzisa i-substrate efanelekayo yamatamatisi, okumele kube okuxekethile, okunomsoco futhi okucwiliswe kahle.
6. Faka isicelo sokufaka umanyolo wamaminerali ekuhlanjuleni okulungile. Uma umanyolo ulungiswa ngesandla, sebenzisa i-peat, umquba nomhlabathi ngesilinganiso se-3: 2: 1.
7. Ukuqhuba ukuchelela njalo, kodwa ukugwema ukubunjwa kwe-crust emhlabathini. Utamatisi ukhetha ukuchichima, kodwa hhayi ukuphuza njalo ngokugcwele noma ngokuphelela ukuphela komhlabathi esikhundleni sokunisela okuncane nsuku zonke. Amanzi kufanele ahlukaniswe futhi afudumele, hhayi ngaphansi kwama-degrees angu-30. Ukuphuzisa izithombo kwenziwa isikhathi esisodwa ezinsukwini ezingu-3-4 (uma amaqabunga eqala ukuwela ezintsheni).
8. Cabangela uhlobo lwezinhlobonhlobo (ekuqaleni, phakathi nonyaka-noma ngasekupheleni).
9. Abasebenzisi umhlaba wokutshala, lapho i-nightshade (ama-eggplants, amazambane, utamatisi) bekhulile iminyaka emithathu edlule.
10. Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, imbewu ihlungwa ngosuku oluyisisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate (1: 5000). Ekuhlanjululeni ngamanzi, i-potassium permanganate inikeza i-potassium, okudingekayo ukuze izithombo zikhule ngokulingana.
11. Imbewu ihlwanyelwa ekujuleni okungaphezulu kwama-1.5 cm.
12. Ngemuva kokuhlwanyela, imbewu ihlanganiswe ne-foil. Isimo esifudumele sinomthelela ekukhuleni kahle kwezithombo (izinga lokushisa lama-22-25 degrees).
13. Qinisekisa ukususa ifilimu ngemuva kokuvela kwamahlumela - khona-ke uhlelo lwabo lwempande luzoqala ukuthuthukisa. Uma lokhu kungenziwanga, izithombo ziyokhula, zithenda futhi zibe nezimpande ezincane ezincane.
14. Njengoba izithombo zidonsa endaweni efudumele kakhulu, akufanele zigcinwe njalo phezulu, lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya liphakeme kakhulu. Phakathi nokuthuthukiswa kwezimpande, kungcono ukwehlisa amakhredithi noma izinkomishi phansi.
15. Emva kokuvela kwamaqabunga amabili eqiniso we-seedling, ihamba, iziqukathi zigcwele igciwane lesondlo, izimpande zesitshalo zifinyelelwe kancane futhi zingcwatshwe yi-1.5-2 cm. Okwesithathu, utamatisi uhambela ngemuva kwamasonto amathathu, ugcwalise umhlaba ngomama emaqenjini okuqala weqiniso.

    Ukukhethwa okuphindaphindiwe kunomthelela ekuthuthukiseni uhlelo lwempande futhi kuvimbela ukwelula.

Kuthiwani uma izithombo ziba mncane futhi zide?

Ukukhanyisa okwengeziwe

Ngenxa yokuntuleka kokukhanyisa, izithombo zenziwa ebhokisini elithambile. engxenyeni yaseningizimu (evunyelwe eningizimu-mpumalanga, ngaseningizimu-ntshonalanga) noma ufake izibani. Izibani ze-fluorescent zifakwe ebangeni elingu-5-6 cm kusukela emaphepheni aphezulu ezitshalo.

Ukushisa kokushisa

Ukunciphisa izinga lokushisa kuma-15-16 degrees liyeka ukukhula kwezithombo futhi kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokusiza izithombo, njengoba idinga ukushisa okokuqala ngqa. Ngesikhathi sokuqoqa, zihlala ezishisa ezifudumele, emva kwalokho ziphinde zinciphise zibe yizicingo ezingu-15.

Ukujula

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izitshalo zihanjiswa zibe yiziqukathi ezihlukene, zifaka phansi iziqu zibe phansi kuya kufinyelela kuka 3-4 cm, noma ngokujulisa isithombo endaweni ephihliwe (ubuso bayo kufanele buhlale buqondile). Uma izithombo zibekwe ezitsheni zomuntu ngamunye, umhlabathi ugcwele kuwo ngendlela yokuthi ungqimba lomhlabathi awufinyeleli i-cotyledon ishiya 2-3 cm.

Ukunisela imodi

Namanzi izithombo njalo: okokuqala kanye ngesonto, kanye kanye njalo emva kwezinsuku ezintathu. Sebenzisa amanzi afudumele. Ukuphuza ngamanzi abandayo kubangela ukubola kwezimpande. Uma inhlabathi imanzi, kanti amaqabunga ezithombo ayenesisindo futhi ahlambalaza, izithombo akufanele ziphuze - kufanele zihanjiswe endaweni evikelwe ilanga eliqondile kuze kube yilapho inhlabathi isomile ngokuphelele. Emva kwalokho, ukuchelela kwenziwa ngokuvamile.

Ukudla

Ngokuba izithombo zotamatisi ezelulekile azisebenzisi izitshalo ze-nitrogen, ezenza kube lula ukuthungatha iziqu. Amaminerali e-Potassium ne-phosphate, umlotha (ama-gramu angu-20 kuwo wonke ama-200 ml amanzi). Uma, kanye nokwelula, izithombo ziba ziphaphathekile, bese urea ufakwa kumanyolo ngesilinganiso sama-gramu angu-20 ngamalitha angu-10 kanti izithombo zisuswa ngesonto endaweni epholile (10 degrees Celsius).

Ukukhula kwesithombo kuyashesha, kanti amahlamvu azophendulela okuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ngaphambi kokuphuma, izithombo kufanele zifakwe ngesixazululo se-serum nge-iodine. (Amaconsi amahlanu e-iodine, 200 ml ye-serum, ilitha lamanzi eli-1).

Ukwelashwa Kwama-Growth Regulator

Izilawuli zokukhula zezitshalo zisetshenziswe kabili ("Heteroauxin", "Zircon", "Biosil", "Emistim", "Reggae") ngesikhathi sokubonakala kweqabunga lambili lamaqabunga eqiniso namasonto amabili kamuva, enezela umanyolo emmpandeni futhi angawa emagqabeni.

Ukususwa kwamaqabunga e-cotyledon

Amaqabunga eCotyledon yiwona amaqabunga okuqala wezithombo ezinomumo ovalwe oval. Ukunamathela kwabo ngokuphumelelayo kuvimbela ukukhula kwezitshalo futhi kuqinisa iziqu. Kungcono ukususa amaqabunga e-cotyledon ngezikhali ukuze ungalimazi iziqu ezincane. Ungasusa nabo: ishidi lesibili ngesonto ngemuva kokuqala. Le ndlela ifanele kuphela izithombo zakuqala.

Ukuphoqa

Ukunamathisela kunciphisa iziqongqo zezithombo zamatamatisi ngamaqabunga angama-5-6 eqiniso asele esiqwini. Sika lesi sitshalo singabekwa emanzini izinsuku ezingu-7-10 ukuze kuvele izimpande, bese utshalwe emhlabathini. Sika izithombo masinyane unike amahlumela amasha endaweni yokusika.

Uma ubukhulu bamahlumela budlula u-5 cm, ama-stepons amabili angaphezulu ahlala esiteshini, esusa bonke abanye. Ukudubula kwezinyathelo ezenziwe ngamathambo kungenziwa amaviki amathathu ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo endaweni enomphela.

Ukwehluleka ukulandela imithetho yokunakekelwa kuholela ekunciphiseni okusheshayo nokwandisa izithombo zezotamatisi. Kunezindlela eziningi zokuvimbela le nqubo, inikezwe izici zesitshalo ngokwazo kanye nendlela yokulima ye-agrotechnical. Uma lokhu kudonsa kwenzeka, abalimi banamathuba okugcina izithombo besebenzisa izindlela ezilula futhi ezingabizi.