Umbuzo obalulekile: indlela yokutshala utamatisi omnandi kusuka kumbewu? Ukutshala kanye Nemithetho Yokunakekela

Ukulunywa utamatisi akulula. Kodwa ungayenza kanjani eshibhile futhi iphumelele kangcono? Abanye bakhetha ukuthenga izithombo emakethe noma emanzini, abanye - bakhule utamatisi kusuka kumbewu.

Ukusebenzisa utamatisi ophilile, ovuthiwe, okungenzeka ulele ekhishini lakho, ungakhula utamatisi oyingqayizivele. Uma uthanda utamatisi futhi ufuna ukufaka utamatisi ovela ensimini yakho ekudleni kwakho, bese uzama ukukhuphula kusuka kumbewu. Le ndlela inezinzuzo zombili nezinkinga. Kodwa into eyodwa icacile - utamatisi okhulile kusuka kumbewu ngeke ube ngaphezulu kwe-fertilizer futhi uzolahlekelwa kakhulu.

Indlela yokutshala utamatisi?

Ukwanda kwamatamatisi kusuka kumbewu kungahlukaniswa ngezigaba eziningana.. Lezi ukulungiselela imbewu, ukuhlwanyela, izithombo ezikhulayo, ukukhetha, ukutshala utamatisi emhlabathini.

1. Into yokuqala okumele ukwenze ukukhetha imbewu efanele, ngoba indlela yokutshala utamatisi ngembewu ithatha isikhathi eside kunezithombo, kanti ukukhetha okulungile kuleli sigaba kuzosindisa isikhathi esikhathini esizayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kufanele ucabangele isimo sezulu nesakhiwo somhlabathi. Kumele futhi uthathe izinqumo ezihlukahlukene, yini oyifunayo ngempela? Uhlobo oluhlukahlukene lwetamatisi olusencane noma olude, futhi mhlawumbe udinga imifino engagcinwa isikhathi eside?
2. Ngemva kokuba imbewu ikhethiwe, ikulungele futhi ihlwanyelwe (funda indlela yokucubungula imbewu yezithelo ngaphambi kokutshala, lapha).
3. Lapho izithombo zikhula kancane, zihamba bese zihlala eziqukathi ezihlukene. Lapha zikhula kuze kube yisikhathi sokudlulisela emhlabathini. Indlela yokukhulisa izithombo zika utamatisi ezivela imbewu ngaphandle kokukhetha, funda lapha.

Kumele futhi kuthiwe Kukhona nendlela engenambewu yokutamatisi ekhulayo evela kumbewu.

It has izici zayo siqu:

1. Ukuthatha kahle isikhathi sokuhlwanyela.
2. Khetha indawo efanelekile (ohlangothini olusenyakatho nelaseNingizimu ngeke luhlangane).
3. Lungisa futhi ugeze imibhede.
4. Lungisa indaba yokuhlanganisa.
5. Beka i-arc ngaphezu kwensimu ukuvikela izithombo.

Izinzuzo nokuqeda ukutshala utamatisi kusuka kumbewu

Izinzuzo:

• Ukuncishiswa Ukutshala utamatisi kusuka kumbewu kuyoba izikhathi eziningana ezishibhile kunokuba ukhule izitshalo ezithengiwe.
• Isilinganiso esiphakeme sokusinda kanye nokufakela utamatisi.
• Iqinisekisiwe ukuthola imifino ephilayo.

I-Cons:

• Izindleko ezinkulu zomsebenzi.
• Isidingo sendawo enkulu (izithombo).
• Asikho isiqinisekiso sokuthi izitshalo ziyoba nempilo futhi zinike isivuno esihle.
• Udinga ukuba nolwazi oludingekayo namakhono.

Ukulungiselela

Ukulungiselela imbewu kubaluleke kuphi. Emva kwakho konke ekhethiwe kahle futhi imbewu elungiselelwe - isiqinisekiso sokuvunwa okuhle.

Imbewu yamatamatisi ingathengwa:

• e-nursery;
• esitolo esithile esikhethekile;
• emakethe;
• esitolo se-intanethi.

Amanani okutshala impahla angaba kusuka ku-10-15 ruble kuya ku-100-150 i-ruble ipakethe ngayinye. Kuncike ezinhlobonhlobo zamatamatisi kanye nekhwalithi yokutshala impahla.

Njengoba utamatisi ungakhula kusuka ezizalweni zawo, kubalulekile ukubhekana ngokucophelela ngendaba yokuqoqa imbewu.

Indlela yokuqoqa imbewu ngokwakho:

1. Kufanele ukhethe izithelo zokuvuthwa okubomvu.
2. Yinqume ukuhlambalaza.
3. Cindezela ngokucophelela imbewu emgqonyeni kanye nejusi.
4. Faka endaweni efudumele izinsuku ezingu-2-3 zokuvutshelwa.
5. Uma i-diaper encane ne-bubbles ibonakala phezulu, futhi imbewu yawela phansi, ukugaya kuqedile.
6. I-liquid isuke igonywe kahle, futhi imbewu ihlanzwa ngaphansi kwamanzi asebenzayo.
7. Bese kufanele bahlelwe ngendwangu yokotini enqoleni encane bese efakwe endaweni efudumele neyomile. Lapha bayomile izinsuku ezimbalwa.

Qaphela! Izithelo ezivuthiwe kanye nama-F1 hybrids akufanele zisetshenziselwe ukuvuna imbewu.

Ukulungiselela imbewu nokwelapha:

1. Ukususwa kwe-disinfection. Ukuze izitshalo zibe nobuhlungu obuncane, imbewu ichithelwa i-disinfected ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela. Ukuze benze lokhu, badinga ukungena kwisisombululo se-potassium permanganate (1 g yezimali zeglasi yamanzi) imizuzu engu-15-20.
2. Yenza isisombululo esikhethekile. Ukuze wenze lokhu, lungisa isisombululo: 1 ithisipuni nitrophoska, 1 tbsp. spoon of izinkuni ash, 2 tsp of sodium humate, 1st. l Umanyolo "Idel". Imbewu ifakwa esixazululweni samahora angu-12.
3. Ngemva kwalokho, imbewu ifakwa emanzini ahlanzekile afudumele amahora angu-24.
4. Manje imbewu kudingeka ihlwanyele ngokushesha emhlabathini.

Indlela engafanele

Ukulungiselela

Ngokujwayelekile ukutshala utamatisi izithombo sebenzisa ukushisa mini. It ingathengwa esitolo noma uzenze ngokwakho. Ukuvumelanisa noma yisiphi isitsha bese usika ibhodlela elikhulu lepulasitiki noma isikhwama seplastiki. Indlela yokutshala nokunakekela izithombo:

1. Ukulungiswa komhlaba. Kulokhu, i-humus ne-peat ixubaniswe ezingxenyeni ezilinganayo zenhlabathi evundile, ungangeza isihlabathi somfula. Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela imbewu, inhlabathi ingasetshenziswa i-disinfected, ngale njongo igcinwe kuhhavini elishisayo ngemaminithi angu-30. Khona-ke inhlabathi ichitheka ngesisombululo esibomvu se-potassium permanganate.
2. Ukutshala izithombo kuvame ukukhiqizwa ngasekupheleni kukaFebhuwari - ekuqaleni kukaMashi.
3. Ngesikhathi sokukhula, izithombo kufanele zihlinzekwe kahle. Ukuze wenze lokhu, zifakwa efenjini le-south sill futhi, uma kunesidingo, zikhanyise ngokukhethekile ngesibani. Izithombo ezikhulayo kufanele zibheke okungenani amahora angu-10 ngosuku. Ukushisa kwebusuku ekamelweni akufanele kube ngezansi kwezinga le-+18 degrees.
4. Ukugqoka kokuqala kwenziwa emva kokuvela kwamaqabunga amabili eqiniso. Ukuze wenze lokhu, isipuni esingu-1 se-urea sihlanjululwe ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi. Ukudla kwesibili kwenziwa ngesonto emva kokuqala. Ukuze wenze lokhu, hlaziya isipuni esingu-1 se-nitrophoska ngetitha lamanzi. Okulandelayo, izithombo zondliwa njalo ezinsukwini ezingu-12-14 ngaphambi kokutshala phansi. Ngenxa yalokhu, ungasebenzisa "inombolo ye-Agricol 3" noma i- "Effecton O".

Ukutshala kabusha emhlabathini

Umhlabathi utamatisi kufanele ube umswakama omuhle kanye nomoyakodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo kufanele kube namafutha kakhulu futhi okunomsoco. Ngaphambi kokutshala inhlabathi ilungiselwe kusengaphambili. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kubalulekile ukuthulula isisombululo esishisayo sethusi sulfate (20-30 g ngalinye ilitha lamanzi). Ukushisa kwesisombululo kungama-80 degrees. Lokhu ukuvimbela ukubukeka kwezinambuzane.

Ngemuva kwalokho, umanyolo osebenzayo usetshenziswa ngesilinganiso se-10 kg ye-humus kumitha 1 we square. m; 50-60 g we-superphosphate kanye ne-½ ibhakede lezinkuni endaweni yomunye. Bese ugoba isakhiwo. Ngokuvamile utshala izithombo emhlabathini kwenzeka phakathi noma ekupheleni kukaMeyi. Kodwa into ebalulekile ukushisa kwemoya.

Ukushisa okungcono kunama-22-23 degrees - emini, +15 - ebusuku. Uma izinga lokushisa ebusuku liphansi + 15, kuzomele ulinde ngokufika. Kubalulekile futhi ukucabangela ukuthi utamatisi yizitshalo ezithandekayo futhi kufanele zitshalwe endaweni evulekile lapho kunelanga eliningi nokushisa.

Indlela yokutshala utamatisi:

1. Uma utshalwa, ubukhulu behlathi kufanele okungenani kube ngu-20-15 cm ukuphakama.
2. Ngaphambi kokutshala, umgodi ugobile (ukujula - i-bayonet ye-shovel).
3. Bese uthele cishe ama-1.5 amalitha amanzi ase-distilled ekamelweni lokushisa.
4. Lesi sitshalo sifakwa emgodini futhi sigcinwe ukuze impande ingathinti ngezansi.
5. Khona-ke impande ihlanganiswe umhlaba futhi igxiliwe ngokuqinile.
6. Masinyane emva kokutshala, utamatisi kufanele anisele kakhulu.
7. Ukufika kungenziwa kusihlwa noma kusimo sezulu esibhakabhakeni.

Ukutshala imbewu ngokushesha emhlabathini: kanjani ukutshala?

1. Okokuqala, kufanele ulungise kahle imithombo. Banjwe kusengaphambili futhi bengezwe kunoma iyiphi ingxenye ye-peat ne-humus ezingxenyeni ezilinganayo. Ngaphezulu kwezimbobo, ama-arcs akhethekile afakwe ukuze avikele izithombo kusesimo sezulu.
2. Manje ungaqala ukuhlwanyela. Ukwenza lokhu, sebenzisa izinhlobo ezincane zezitamatisi ezinqunyiwe (ezincane). Hlwanyela imbewu ngokulingana (cishe ebangeni elingu-30 cm komunye nomunye).

   Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, umthombo kufanele uthululwe ngesisombululo esishisayo se-potassium permanganate.

3. Cishe imbewu engu-5 ifakwa emthonjeni ngamunye. Esikhathini esizayo, lapho izithombo zihluma, shiya okungaphezu kuka-2 izingcezu kahle. Okunye okufakelwa kabusha noma okulahliwe.
4. Emva kokuhlwanyela, ibhodlela lepulasitiki elimisiwe libekwa phezu komthombo ngamunye ukuze kutholakale umphumela wokushisa. Emva kwalokho, ifilimu ebonakalayo ye-polyethylene icindezelwe kuma-arcs afakiwe futhi igxiliwe ngokuqinile emhlabathini.

Ukulima nokukhathalela

Izimo zokuboshwa

Uma ukulima kuqhutshwa ngendlela engenambewu, emva kokuvela kwamahlumela kungcono ukuphazamise. Ngemuva kokuba imbewu ikhule futhi amaqabunga okuqala avele avele, izithombo ziyovuleka kuye ngokuthi sezulu. Uma isimo sezulu sishonile, kodwa siphuzile amahora amaningana ungasusa ifilimu yepulasitiki, kanti ibhange elimisiwe, elimboze umgodi, lihlala.

Uma kukhula kwenziwa izithombo, ke emasontweni amabili okuqala ngemuva kokufika emhlabathini isitshalo akufanele siphazamiseke. Ekuqaleni, akufanele ukondle utamatisi omusha noma. Kudingekile ukuvumela isikhathi sokuba uhlelo lwempande lube nezimpande emhlabathini, kanti nesitshalo ngokwaso sizovumelanisa.

Ukunisela

Izitamatisi ezincane ziphuza kakhulu, ngoba uhlelo lwempande kanye nesitshalo ngokwaso lukhula ngokukhulayo, lukhuphula umthamo kanye nobunzima obuluhlaza, ngakho-ke kudla amanzi nokudla okunomsoco emhlabathini. Izitshalo ezincane ziphuziswa ngamanzi afudumele afudumele kusuka kumanzi okuchelela. Akudingekile ukuwazisa utamatisi kusuka ephasini noma ibhakede, njengoba ingcindezi eqinile yamanzi ingaphazamisa izimpande ezincane.

Ukugqoka okuphezulu

1. Emva kokuvela kwamaqabunga ama-2-3 weqiniso kumele kwenziwe isondlo sokuqala. Ukuze wenze lokhu, qeda i-1.5 g ye-ammonium nitrate ku-1 litre lamanzi. Esikhathini ngasinye umthombo uthele okungaphezu kuka 0.5 amalitha isixazululo.
2. Ukudla kwesibili kwenziwa emavikini angu-2-3. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungasebenzisa i-nitrophoska (1 tbsp. Faka isipiliyoni 1 litre lamanzi). Akungaphezu kwama-0.5 amalitha okuxazulula amanzi.
3. Ukondla okwesithathu kwenziwa emva kokwakhiwa kwe-ovary. Imithombo ye-Mullein noma yezinyoni iyakulungele ukupha.

   Isixazululo silungiswa ngesilinganiso se-1 ingxenye ye-mullein noma udoti ngamaphesenti ayishumi amanzi. Thelela emgodini awukho ngaphezu kwama-250-300 amagremu, okungabangeli ukushisa izimpande.

Qaphela! Ngaphambi kokukhulelwa, isitshalo kufanele siphuze kakhulu.

Ukutshala izimbali kuyindlela enhle yokugcina imali nokukhulisa imifino enempilo. Akunzima nakanjani ukwenza lokhu; udinga nje ukwazi imithetho futhi ulandele ngokucophelela. Ukwaziswa nomsebenzi kuzokwenza ubuqili. Futhi umphumela uyoba isivuno esihle. Kodwa into ebaluleke kakhulu ukugcwala kokuziphatha kokutshala izitshalo ngezandla zabo.