Indlela ehlukile yokutshala utamatisi ezikhwameni. Ukutshala nokuvuna

Utamatisi, ngokungafani nezitshalo eziningi, zithuthuka kangcono uma ukhulile emasakeni. Inzuzo enkulu ukuthi utamatisi emasakeni angasuswa endaweni eyodwa kuya kwenye ngaphandle kokulimaza ama-rhizomes noma iziqu zazo.

Ekuqaleni, le ndlela ibonakala ingavamile, kodwa iye yathandwa isikhathi esithile, iba yinto evamile futhi ithandwa minyaka yonke. Zonke izinkinga nezinzuzo zokutshala utamatisi ezikhwameni zizoxoxwa kulesi sihloko.

Incazelo yendlela

Okuyinhloko yendlela yileyo ndlela ukutshala utamatisi izithombo emasakeni kungalindela isivuno esikhulu. Ukuze kusetshenziswe lo mbono, udinga izikhwama ezifanelekile, i-substrate yokugcwalisa, indawo ongayifaka ngayo, isekela ama-garters nezithombo ezinempilo. Le ndlela yokutamatisi ekhulayo ayihluke kakhulu ekukhuleni indlela yendabuko.

Kulokhu, kuyindaba yokukhiqiza ukutshala utamatisi emasakeni, lapho izitshalo zidinga ukutshala hhayi emhlabathini ovulekile emasimini ezitshalo, kodwa ezikhwameni zenhlabathi, ezithengiswa ezitolo ezikhethekile ezitolo ezikhethekile.

Izinzuzo nokuqeda

Phakathi kwezinzuzo zale ndlela yokuthutha okulandelayo:

• Uma kwenzeka ukushisa noma isithwathwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, izikhwama zingadluliselwa ekamelweni eliphezulu kakhulu.
• Uma ukuphuza umswakama uthola ngqo ohlelweni lwezimpande zezitshalo, futhi alusakazeka phezu komhlaba, okugcina inani lemithombo edingekayo yokunisela.
• Isikhathi sokuncipha esinciphile ngenxa yokwephuka kancane kwamanzi.
• Inhlabathi ivuselela ngokushesha phansi kwelanga futhi ilahleka kancane ebusuku.
• Utamatisi ayingcosana yezifo ezihlukahlukene.
• Usongo lokusabalala kwezinambuzane kanye nezifo kuncishisiwe.
• Izindingo ezincane zesikhathi kanye nomzamo wokwehlisa, ukukhuphuka, ukukhulula, ukuvuna.
• Ukwanda okubonakalayo kwezitshalo ezigcwele izitshalo.
• Umhlabathi emva kokuvuna utamatisi ungasetshenziswa kwezinye izingxenye zensimu yembali noma ingadi yemifino.
• Ukuvuna utamatisi emasakeni akuxhomeki emgangathweni wenhlabathi lapho bakhulile khona
• Into enjalo eyingozi njengoba ukhula linyamalalala.
• Ukuhlanganiswa: le ndlela yokulima igcina isikhala sokutshala ezinye izitshalo futhi yenza kube lula ukubeka izikhwama kunoma iyiphi indawo.

Izinkinga zale ndlela yokutshala utamatisi:

• Uma uhamba, izikhwama zika utamatisi zingase ziqheke, zibheke izimbobo eziphansi. Kodwa zidingekile ukuvimbela ukubola kwe-rhizomes yamatamatisi namanzi ahlale emhlabathini.
• Umbala wezikhwama kufanele ukhethwe ukukhanya, ngoba ama-shades amnyama athola ukushisa, futhi ngenxa yalokhu, utamatisi luyokhula kabi futhi lube ngaphezu kokudla kabi, futhi kuzodingeka futhi ukwandise inani lemanzi lokuchelela izikhathi eziningana.
• Kungenzeka ukuba uwedlule ngamanzi. Uma ungaqapheli ngesikhathi, utamatisi uzofa.
• Isidingo sokusebenzisa izinto ezengeziwe ngokungafani nendlela evamile yokutshala izitshalo.
• Udinga ukucabanga kusengaphambili mayelana nokulungiselela kanye nesikhathi sokutshala nokuzilungisa utamatisi.
• Kuzodinga ukuchelela kaningi kakhulu. Udinga ukucabanga ngendawo yezikhwama kusayithi ukuze umthombo noma ikholomu iseduze.

Amanzi kufanele athululelwe ngqo emkhomeni we-drainage, ngaphandle kwalokho uhlelo lwesitshalo lwezitshalo lungase lubole kusukela ekugqithweni komswakama.

Ukulungiselela

I-Pouches

Ukulima utamatisi ngale ndlela, ungasebenzisa izikhwama ezinkulu ushukela (ama-kilogram angu-30 nangaphezulu), njengoba ehlala isikhathi eside, avumela umoya namanzi kudlule kahle kune-polyethylene efanayo.

Kulesi simo, kubalulekile ukusika izingongolo ukuze wakhe izimbobo ezikhethekile zemithombo. Kodwa lokhu akuphazamisi ukuthatha izikhwama zepulasitiki zokutshala utamatisi.

Lapho ulungiselela izinto zokutshala utamatisi kufanele unake umbala wezikhwama: Kungcono ukuthi amathoni alula, kodwa uma engekho, izikhwama ezimnyama kufanele ziboshwe ngezinto ezikhanyayo (ezimhlophe) ukuze i-rhizomes ingapheli. Futhi indaba okuvela kuyo izikhwama ayibalulekile kakhulu; zingenziwa kusuka ku-polyethylene noma ungathatha izikhwama ezazikade ziqukethe ushukela.

Imbewu

Kukhona ithuba lokuthenga imbewu esitolo esithile noma ukuzilungiselela kusengaphambili ngezandla zakho. Ngaphambi kokutshala utamatisi emhlabathini, udinga ukulungiselela imbewu ngezinsuku ezingu-62-67 ngaphambi kokuba izitshalo ze-tomato zibe yizinsuku ezingu-55-60 + ngesonto ukuhluma (ukuze uthole imininingwane yokuthi ungakhula kanjani izithombo zotamatisi ngendlela yaseChina, funda lapha, futhi kusukela kulokhu izihloko ozothola mayelana nenzalo yokuhlwanyela imbewu).

Imbewu kumele ilandelwe kuqala kwisixazululo se-3% sosawoti (3 g ngam 100 ml amanzi). Emaminithini ambalwa, imbewu engenalutho iyohamba, futhi imbewu yekhwalithi izogoba phansi. Khona-ke imbewu kumele ikhunjulwe nge-sinkinga ye-potassium permanganate noma isisombululo se-hydrogen peroxide imizuzu engamashumi amathathu. Okulandelayo, udinga ukuyenza lukhuni imbewu esiqandisini izinsuku ezimbili ekushiseni kuka +1 ° C.

Ezinye izinto

Umhlaba: Ukuze ukwandise isivuno sotamatisi, kungcono ukulungisa inhlabathi ekhethekile ngaphambi kokutshala. Umhlabathi olungiselelwe ngaphambilini utamatisi akufanele ube ne-alkaline noma i-acidic, kungcono ukuwenza ungathathi hlangothi. Ukuze uthole umphumela wokwehla, i-vermiculite, i-sawdust nesihlabathi kufanele ifakwe emhlabathini.

Ukuze ungadli izitamatisi ngokuqhubekayo, ngaphambi kokuvela kwama-ovari, kubalulekile ukugcwalisa izikhwama ngehafu yengxube, bese ugcwalisa ingxenye yesibili nenhlabathi evamile. Futhi indima yokugcwalisa ingenza umquba.

Ama-toppers wokuhlanganisa amathe utamatisi: Ungakwazi ukubopha utamatisi ngezintambo, ucingo noma isitimela, okumele kuhanjiswe phezu kwezikhwama, lapho izihlahla zizoboshwa khona ngezintambo. Ungaphinda ufake izingodo zamapulangwe ezikhwameni.

Imiyalo eningiliziwe: isinyathelo ngesinyathelo

Ezitsheni zikashukela

Kungcono ukusebenzisa ukutshala utamatisi ngale ndlela izikhwama zombala omhlophe ovela ngaphansi koshukela, njengoba zinamandla amakhulu ngokuqhathaniswa nepulasitiki. Khona-ke udinga ukuthatha i-spatula uphinde uthele amabhakede amabili omquba emhlabeni esikhwameni.

Uma kwenzeka ukusetshenziswa kwezikhwama ushukela, izimbobo azikwazi ukukhathazeka. Ngokwebuchwepheshe obukhethekile bokukhiqiza, sekuvele kwenziwe kusengaphambili. Ngenxa yombala omhlophe wesitshalo ngeke uphelele futhi ama-rhizomes azokhula ngokushesha.

Okokuqala, ukukhula okuhlukahlukene kwetamatisi kusho ukugcwalisa ingxenye yesithathu yombhalo ngenhlabathi. Okwesibili, uma kuhlwanyelwa izimila ezikhulayo, khona-ke isikhwama sigcwele ingxenye eyodwa. Khona-ke izikhwama kufanele zifakwe ngokuqinile komunye nomunye ku-greenhouse, futhi phezulu kwesikhwama kufanele kukhishwe.

Ukufika kwenzeka ngale ndlela.:

1. Ingxube ye-nutrient kufanele ithululelwe esikhwameni.
2. Kusuka kulesi sitsha, izitshalo ezimbili noma ezintathu kumele zifakwe esikhwameni ngasinye, kuye ngokuphakama kwazo.
3. Ama-rhizomes of utamatisi kufanele afafazwe phezulu emhlabathini, intamo kufanele ibe sezingeni eliphansi.
4. Inhlabathi kumele ilandwe ngokucophelela.
5. Khona-ke kufanele unisele izithombo ezitshalwe.
6. Okulandelayo, udinga ukuhambisa izikhwama ngamatamatisi ku-greenhouse. Uma umkhuhlane usudlulile, khona-ke zingadluliselwa ensimini.

Emasakeni epulasitiki

1. Endabeni yokusebenzisa isikhwama seplastiki yokutshala utamatisi, ukusika ukuvula izithombo, ngenkathi usika phezulu esikhwameni eceleni komugqa wokusika.

   Izikhwama ezinjalo zenzelwe ukutshala izithombo ezintathu zamatamatisi esikhwameni esisodwa.

2. Okulandelayo kufanele ukwenze ezinhlangothini zemigodi yamanzi.
3. Khona-ke kudingeka wenze enhlabathini yokutshala izithombo izimbobo ezincane. Ubukhulu bezimbobo ezinjalo kufanele buhambelane nobukhulu besitsha lapho isitshalo sizotshala khona.
4. Izithombo kufanele zisuswe ngokucophelela futhi zifakelwe emgodini owumile.
5. Njengesekelo, ungathatha izikhonkwane ezincane noma udonsa intambo.
6. Ekupheleni kokufika, utamatisi kufanele ukhiqizwe ngobuningi.

Indlela yokunakekela imbewu yezotamatisi ngaphambi nangemva kokutshala?

Ngaphambi kokutshala utamatisi emasakeni, kudingeka ufeze izinga eliphezulu lokuhlunga imbewu.. Imbewu kufanele ifakwe kwi-hydrogen peroxide noma isisombululo se-potassium permanganate kusengaphambili. Endabeni yokuthenga imbewu, isidingo sale nqubo sichithwa ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ngaphambi kokutshala, imbewu kufanele ihlume kusengaphambili: udinga ukuwafaka emanzini afudumele usuku bese uwafaka ngendwangu emanzini izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuhluma.

Futhi, kumele zomiswe ukuze ziguquke. Kudingekile ukuba wenze izindawo ezikhethekile emakhilomitha ambalwa ukusuka komunye nomunye ngokusizwa ipeni, amanzi bese uhlwanyela imbewu ngezikhathi ezingaba ngamasentimitha amathathu. Khona-ke kuyadingeka ukumboza isitsha ngefilimu ebalalayo ngaphambi kokuhluma, ngezikhathi ezinyakazayo nokuhambisa.

Funda kabanzi mayelana nendlela yokucubungula imbewu yezithelo ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, esihlokweni esihlukile.

Yimuphi umphumela okufanele ulindeleke?

Lapho ukhula utamatisi ezikhwameni, izithelo zivuthwa kakhulu ngaphambi kokuba zikhule ngendlela yendabuko (cishe amasonto amabili kuya kwamathathu ngaphambi kwesimiso). Utamatisi okhulile emasakeni ukhulu kakhulu ngaphambi kwenani lezitshalo ehlathini ngalinye elikhula emhlabathini ovulekile.

Utamatisi ngalolu daba unengqondo kakhulu, inkulu (ngoba ubunzima nezici zokutshala utamatisi amakhulu kungatholakala lapha). Isisindo sabo singafinyelela ngisho no-kilogram eyodwa. Izithelo ezinjalo aziqhekeki, futhi inyama yazo iyindawo ekhudlwana kakhulu futhi iyinyama kunezithelo zika utamatisi ezikhulayo emibhedeni yasensimu.

Iziphambeko Ezivamile

• Ukuchelela ngokweqile. Asikho isidingo sokugcwalisa umhlabathi, ngoba ukuphuma kwamanzini amaningi okuphuma esikhwameni kuhamba kancane, futhi izimpande zingabola.
• Ukwehla okuncane okwanele ngaphambi kokutshala okulandelayo kwetamatisi.
• Emva kokuvuna, umhlabathi ungaphonswa emgodini womquba, futhi izikhwama zigcinwe, njengoba zingasetshenziswa izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa. Kodwa ngaphambi kokutshala okulandelayo, kubalulekile ukucubungula izikhwama ezine-injini ye-disinfecting, ikakhulukazi uma utamatisi egula.
• Ukunakekelwa okwanele kwezitshalo lapho izinga lokushisa linciphisa. Nge-snap ebandayo, udinga ukuvula umphetho ongenhla we-isikhwama bese umboza izithombo; isikhathi esithile ungadonsela izikhwama zibe ekamelweni elifudumele kakhulu.
• Ukungasebenzi kahle ngokwanele. Okokuqala, kuyadingeka ukuthi unqothule izimbewu, umhlabathi kanye neziqukathi zezamatamatisi ezikhulayo ukuvimbela ukutholakala kwezifo, futhi hhayi ukuphatha izitshalo zezifo.

Ngokuqondile ngenxa yokutshala utamatisi ezikhwameni, kulula ukuwavikela kusuka efrith entwasahlobo, ukudala izimo ezihle zokuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo futhi uthole isivuno esihle.