Sibheka isivuno esihle: inhlabathi yezithombo zika utamatisi

Utamatisi zihlwabusayo, zinempilo futhi zinhle. Izwe labo lizwe elifudumele. EYurophu, beza kuqala njengezitshalo zokuhlobisa.

Ezimweni ezishisayo, izitshalo ezingenakuqhathaniswa nezelanga azidingi ukugcinwa ngokucophelela. Kodwa enyakatho zikhulile kakhulu ngokucophelela.

Izithombo ezinempilo ziqinisekisa ukuvuna okukhulu kwezamatamatisi. Kwabaningi, izithombo zilula, ziphenduka futhi ziqale ukuphumula. Kodwa ungakwazi ukugwema lezi zinkinga ngokulandela imithetho elula.

Kusukela esihlokweni uzofunda ukuthi iyiphi inhlabathi engcono ukuyisebenzisa izithombo zika utamatisi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuzama ukwakheka okwenziwe ngokwezifiso nokuthi yiziphi izithasiselo ezingasetshenziselwa inhlabathi.

Inhlabathi edingekayo yokuhluma kanye nosamatisi abadala, umehluko

Ukuthuthukiswa komhlaba nokugqoka kuyadingeka ukuze kuthuthukiswe wonke utamatisi. Utamatisi udinga i-nitrogen, i-carbon dioxide, i-oxygen, i-phosphorus ne-potassium. I-carbon dioxide ingena ezimpandeni futhi ifakwe amaqabunga. I-oksijeni iyadingeka ukuze imbewu ihlume, ngakho-ke Ukuxuba inhlabathi yezithombo ezikhulayo kufanele kube yinto evulekile.

I-nitrojeni ivela emhlabathini futhi iyadingeka ukwakha utamatisi obuluhlaza ngaphambi kokukhetha. Lapho utamatisi ulungele ukutshala emhlabathini ovulekile, umquba ophilayo kufanele usetshenziswe (ukhuni, humus, urea). Indlela yokudala izimo ezifanele zokukhula kwezamatamatisi nokuthi yini okufanele ibe inhlabathi ngezigaba ezahlukene zokukhula utamatisi, funda lapha.

Ukutshala izihlahla, emva kokuba utamatisi usuqede, akugcini nje ukunikeza ukudla okudingekayo, kodwa futhi kuthuthukisa inhlabathi nomoya ngaphezu kwayo nge-carbon dioxide.

Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi yikuphi okumele kube yizwe lokutshala utamatisi, kufaka phakathi lokushisa, funda lapha, futhi kulesi sihloko uzofunda ukuthi ungalungisa kanjani inhlabathi elula ngezandla zakho ukuze uvunwe kahle utamatisi.

Inani le-medium medium

Umxube womhlaba ophakeme kakhulu ubeka inqwaba ye-fruiting. Uma kungakalungi, utamatisi uzogula futhi ubuthakathaka.

Awukwazi ukusebenzisa nje umhlaba wensimu noma inhlabathi yendawo yokushisa, lokhu cishe akunakwenzeka. Kuphephile ukuthenga umhlaba kubakhiqizi abakhulu kakhulu esitolo noma ukuzipheka.

Umhlabathi wezithombo zotamatisi ulungiselelwe kusuka ezinhlangothini eziningana.okudinga ukuqeqeshwa okufanele. Utamatisi unesimiso se-branched surface, okungama-70% awo aqukethe izimpande ezithandayo. Isakhiwo esinjalo sinikeza ingxenye engenhla yesitshalo ngesimiso esidingekayo kanye nezondlo.

Izidingo zomhlabathi

Inhlabathi kumele ibe nezinto zonke ezidingekayo ekukhuleni izithombo zamatamatisi. Kufanele kube khona:

• ukuphefumula;
• amanzi kanye nomoya wokuphefumula;
• ukuzala okunomsoco (okwanele, kodwa hhayi ngokweqile inani lokudla okunomsoco okudingekayo ukuze izithombo ziqale);
• ukungathathi hlangothi noma i-acidity ephansi;
• Inkululeko ezintweni ezinobuthi, izinambuzane ezinobungozi, imbewu yokhula, amaqanda ezinambuzane nezinambuzane.

Izinzuzo nokungahleleki kwezincomo ezithuthukisiwe

Uma kungenakwenzeka ukusebenzisa ingxube ethengiwe, ungalungisa izwe izithombo ngokwakho. Ukwenziwa ngesandla kuhlale kuphephile, ikakhulukazi njengoba izithombo zotamatisi zifuna kakhulu emhlabathini.

Izinzuzo zomhlabathi owakhiwe:

• Ungakwazi ukupheka ngokusho iresiphi eqondile futhi ugcine inombolo eqondile yezinto ezilandelanayo ozidingayo.
• Ukulondoloza izindleko.

Izinkinga:

• Isikhathi esikhulu sokupheka.
• Udinga ukulandela ngokunembile iresiphi.
• Inhlabathi ingahle ingcolile.
• Ukuthola nokuthenga izingxenye ezifanele ukususa kungathatha isikhathi esiningi nemali.

Izinzuzo nezindleko zomhlaba oqediwe ukudayiswa

Akuwona wonke umuntu onethuba lokulungisa inhlabathi eyedwa. Kulesi simo, sebenzisa umhlaba owathengiwe (indlela yokukhetha inhlabathi engcono kakhulu yokutshala izithombo zika utamatisi kanye nepelepele, ungathola lapha). Unezinzuzo ezingenakuphikwa:

1. uma kuphekwe ngokuvumelana nemithetho, isilungele ukusetshenziswa ngokushesha;
2. amaphakheji ahlukahlukene kusuka 1 l kuya ku-50 l;
3. Kuyinto elula futhi umswakama-enamandla;
4. iqukethe izakhi ezidingekayo.

Phakathi kwezinkinga zayo:

1. ububanzi obukhulu bokubonisa kwenhlabathi ye-acidity (kusuka ku-5.0 kuya ku-6.5);
2. isibonakaliso esingalungile senani lezici zokulandelela;
3. Ukuthunga uthuli esikhundleni se-peat kungenzeka kube khona;
4. kukhona ingozi yokuthola i-substrate ephansi empofu.

Izingxenye ezifakiwe

Izingxenye zomhlaba zingxube:

1. umhlaba noma imifino;
2. i-peat engeyona i-acidic (pH 6.5);
3. isanti (mhlawumbe umfula noma wageza);
4. i-humus noma ihlunga umquba ovuthiwe;
5. i-ash ash (noma i-dolomite);
6. i-sphagnum moss;
7. izinaliti eziwile.

Indawo yasensimini yokutshala utamatisi ithathwe kulezo zibhebhe lapho izitshalo zomndeni wakwa-nightshade zingazange zikhule ehlobo eledlule (utamatisi, pepper, ama-eggplants namazambane). Ukubunjwa okuhle kwenhlabathi ye-tomato izithombo kutholakala ngokuxuba izingxenye ezimbili ze-peat, ingxenye engu-1 yenhlabathi engadini, 1 ingxenye yama-humus (noma umquba) kanye nezingxenye ezingu-0.5 zesanti.

I-peat ngokuvamile ine-acidity ephakeme, ngakho-ke indebe eyodwa yamapulangwe kanye no-3 - 4 wezipuni wefulawa i-dolomite kufanele ifakwe ebhakedeni lenhlanganisela etholakalayo. Futhi 10 g we-urea, i-30-40 g ye-superphosphate kanye no-10-15 g we-umanyolo we-potassium.. Lezi zifaka umanyolo onomsoco oqukethe i-phosphorus ne-potassium, kanye ne-nitrogen encane.

Funda ngezindlela ezilula futhi eziphumelelayo zokuzilungiselela ngokwakho inhlabathi yezithombo zotamatisi kule ndaba.

Izithasiselo ezingafaneleki

Ezimweni ezishisayo, izitshalo ezingenakuqhathaniswa nezelanga azidingi ukugcinwa ngokucophelela.

• Ungasebenzisi ama-organic fertilizer asezingeni lokubola. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kukhishwa ukushisa okukhulu, okungashisa imbewu (futhi uma ikhula, ukushisa kuzobabulala).
• Ukungcola kobumba akusetshenziswanga, njengoba benza isisindo somhlabathi futhi sinzima kakhulu.
• Izinsimbi ezisindayo ngokushesha zibuthelela emhlabathini, ngakho akufanele usebenzise izwe eliseduze nomgwaqo omatasa noma endaweni yenkampani yamakhemikhali.

Ukusetshenziswa komhlaba wezitimu: izinzuzo nezingozi

Kukholelwa ukuthi uma inhlabathi yensimu ingena ingxube yomhlabathi yezithombo ezikhulayo njengenye yezingxenye, utamatisi uzothuthukisa kangcono ukufakelwa emhlabathini ovulekile.

Umhlabathi wezitshalo emva kokutshala i-solanaceous kuso (lapho igalikhi, iklabishi, i-beetroot nesanqante ikhula) ayithathiwe. Izwe elithengiwe ikakhulukazi ingadi ehlanzekile (Lokhu kususa ingadini) kokuqukethwe kokhula nezifo ezingenzeka.

Inhlabathi evela engadini yakho isetshenzisiwe uma i-crumbly futhi isakhiwo. Ngaphezu kwenhlabathi engadini engaphakathi kwayo ngokuvamile isakhiwo esihle semishini.

Ingxube, okungcono ukukhetha ukutshala utamatisi

Ingxube yomhlabathi kufanele ibe yindlebe, ikhululekile futhi ingabi acacile kakhulu.. Kufanele kufaka phakathi izingxenye ezilandelayo:

1. I-Humus.
2. I-peat (kwandisa ukungenisa umswakama nokunyakaza komhlaba).
3. I-powder yokubhaka (ngaphandle kwe-peat iyisihlabathi somfula esinqunyiwe).
4. Umhlabathi ongcolile (okuxubene nezinye izinhlobo zenhlabathi, njengoba kuphelile kakhulu, kodwa inani elincane lezakhi).

Isiphetho

Ngokulandela imithetho ethile, ungakhula izinga eliphakeme, ukwazi ukunikeza isivuno esihle sezithombo zotamatisi. Iphuzu elibaluleke kunazo zonke ekutshalweni nasekutheni utamatisi ukubunjwa okulungile kanye nezakhiwo zomhlaba. Ukuxuba kwenhlabathi njengoba uthengisa ezitolo ezikhethekile, futhi uzenze ngokwakho. Ngokuvamile, inhlabathi kufanele ibe yinto evulekile, ikwazi ukungena emswakeni nomoya, i-acidic kancane futhi ikhululekile ebuchosheni.