Imibuzo mayelana nokudla: ukondla izithombo zotamatisi nini futhi kanjani? Imithetho, itafula kanye nencazelo

Umgomo oyinhloko wabalimi abaningi abakhula utamatisi ukuthola isivuno esihle.

Ukuze uzuze, udinga ukuhambisana nezimo eziningi: umswakama, ukunisela, ukubunjwa okulungile kwenhlabathi futhi, ngokuqinisekile, ukufaka umquba. Mayelana naye futhi sizoxoxa ngalesi sihloko.

Okulandelayo, sizokutshela ukuthi kufanele nini lapho ukondla izitshalo ezindala nezithombo, futhi unikeze uhlelo lwesicelo somanyolo - uhlelo oludwetshiwe etafuleni. Futhi uphinde unikeze amathiphu ngokutshala utamatisi.

Nini nokuthi yini ongayidla?

Lapho ukhula utamatisi ebamba lokushisa, kulula ukuhlangabezana nezimo ezidingekile (ukuthola ulwazi oluthe xaxa ngezinselele eziyinhloko zokugqoka utamatisi ku-greenhouse, ungathola lapha). Wafakazela ukuthi imodi yokudla ayibalulekile futhi ingeza inkinga engadingekile. Noma kunjalo, lokhu akunjalo. Ngisho nenhlabathi evundile kanye nokuchelela okufanele, ungayichitha isithelo uma usebenzisa umanyolo ongalungile.

Imvamisa yokusetshenziswa kanye nohlobo lomanyolo wezotamatisi kuxhomeke esiteji sokuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo (imininingwane eyengeziwe mayelana nezinhlobo kanye nokusetshenziswa kokufaka umanyolo, kanye nezinzuzo zamanyolo wamaminerali angatholakala kule ndaba). Isibonelo, izithombo zidinga i-calcium ne-superphosphate. Ngaphambi kokutshala, izithombo zihlwanyelwa imvubelo, okukhuthaza ukukhula kwamatamatisi omncane kahle. Ngemuva kokutshala, kusetshenziselwa umanyolo obunzima ukuze izitshalo zifane ngokulinganayo amaminerali abawadingayo (ukuze uthole ulwazi oluthe xaxa mayelana nokukhetha umanyolo obunzima wezitamatisi, bheka lapha).

Esikhathini sokuqala kwezimbali, utamatisi awunalo i-phosphorus ne-calcium, ngakho-ke kuzo kufanele uqaphele uma ufaka umanyolo. Kodwa i-nitrogen kule nkathi ayifuni nhlobo. Uma i-ovary yesithelo ngumlotha omuhle, isetshenziselwa ukufaka fruiting, ngenkathi ingeza umquba wamaminerali one-iodine, i-potassium nezinye izakhi zokulandelela. Kubalulekile ukucabangela ngokuningiliziwe imithetho yokudla utamatisi esigabeni ngasinye sokukhula.

Nini ukuqala ukusebenzisa umquba wezitamatisi izithombo endaweni yokushisa?

Ngesikhathi sokuqala, izithombo zivuthwa amahora angu-48 emva kokuba izithombo zibe namaqabunga e-cotyledon.:

1. Isetshenziswa 2 g ye-nitrate ye-calcium, ihlanjululwa ku-1 litre lamanzi.
2. Ngemva kwesonto, izitshalo zondla amandla, zihlanjululwa emanzini (ikhambi kufanele libe libala, liphuzi kancane).
3. Uma amaqabunga angu-4 kakade evele ekhona, kubalulekile ukuwazisa izithombo ngesisombululo se-superphosphate. Ukwakhiwa:
   • 10 g we-superphosphate;
   • 1 litre lamanzi abandayo.
4. Ezinsukwini eziyisithupha kamuva, izitshalo ziphathwa nge-calcium nitrate (2 g ngalinye 1 litre lamanzi).
5. Uma kuvela amaqabunga ayisishiyagalombili amaqabunga eqiniso, izitshalo ezincane ziphuziswa nge-superphosphate futhi.

Ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo emhlabathini, kungcono ukondla ngemifuno esekelwe emvubelo. Kulokhu:

1. Imvubelo eyomile (iphakheji eli-1) ixubene nezipuni ezimbili zeshukela namanzi (ingilazi eyodwa);
2. zonke izithako zixutshwe futhi zishiywa ingxenye eyodwa nesigamu, amahora amabili;
3. Ingxube ihlanjululwa emanzini (isigamu ilitha leyingxube ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi) futhi utamatisi omncane ahlwanyelwa.

Ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokufaka umquba olula futhi osebenza kahle kumatamatisi kusuka emvubelo lapha, futhi imininingwane eyengeziwe mayelana nezindlela zokupheka izitshalo ezikhulayo ingatholakala kule ndaba.

Kubalulekile! Ukuze utamatisi ku-greenhouse udinga ukulungisa inhlabathi kusengaphambili (kungaba ekwindla noma entwasahlobo ngaphambi kokutshala).

Ukuze wenze umhlaba ukhule kakhulu, ibhakede lezwe le-sod kanye ne-peat (ngomhlaba ngamunye we-m2) lithululwa phezu kwemibhede. Umanyolo we-Organic wanezelwa kuwo: isigamu sebheyi elenziwe ngamapulangwe ahlanganiswe nama-10 amalitha ama-humus ne-1 isipuni se-urea.

Ukuze ugweme izifo zezitshalo, ngaphambi kokutshala, uphuzisa ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate: 1 g we-potassium permanganate nama-10 amalitha amanzi (amanzi kumele athiswe okungenani ama-degree angama-60).

Imininingwane eyengeziwe mayelana nokudla okuqala nokulandelwayo kwezithombo zamatamatisi ingatholakala lapha ngaphezulu mayelana nokusetshenziswa komlotha okondla izithombo zotamatisi ekhaya kungatholakala lapha.

Ngemuva kokufika

Esikhathini esivela ezinsukwini ezintathu kuya kwezingu-5 emva kokutshala kwezihlahla ezikhulayo endaweni yokushisa (njengomthetho, lezi yizinsuku zokuqala zikaJuni), zidinga ukondliwa ngomanyolo obunzima, oqukethe:

• i-phosphorus;
• i-nitrogen;
• i-potassium.

Kulesi simo, into esemqoka akumele iyenze nge-nitrojeni, ngoba amaqabunga azokhula futhi akhuthele, futhi ngokuphambene nalokho kuzoba nezithelo ezincane.

Isimo sezulu esitsheni sokushisa sinomswakama kunasendle, ngakho-ke izitshalo zizothola izakhi ngokushesha kakhulu.

Ukuze uhlanganise izakhi zokulandelela, kungcono ukunciphisa ukuhlushwa kwama-fertilizer.. Okukhethwa kukho kungcono: 3 tsp. I-Nitrofoski, ingxenye engama-litre ye-mullein ihlanjululwe ngamalitha angu-9 wamanzi, empandeni yesihlahla ngasinye ithululela ilitha elilodwa lokugqoka.

Izimbali

Ukondla ngokufanele izitamatisi zokubamba ukushisa ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi i-ovary emihle yesithelo, ngakho kufanele inake. I-potassium ne-phosphorus kumele ibe khona kumanyolo; lokhu yizinto eziluthola utamatisi ngenkathi kuvela amaqabunga, kuyilapho i-nitrogen kufanele isuswe nhlobo phakathi nalesi sikhathi (ukuze uthole imininingwane eyengeziwe mayelana nezinhlobo ze-phosphate fertilizer, bheka le ndaba).

Lapho ifihlekile isanda kuqalwa, ukugqoka imvubelo kuyadingeka ukuze utamatisi. I-recipe efanayo yomanyolo isetshenziselwa izithombo ngaphambi kokutshala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umlotha omncane ungafakwa enhlabathini.

Ngesikhathi sezimbali, kunconywa ukukhiqiza eyodwa yokudla izimpande kanye ne-foliar eyodwa (Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe mayelana nezindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokufaka umquba ozimele ungatholakala lapha). Ukudla izimpande kusetshenziselwa: i-potassium sulfate (amathisipuni amathathu), isigamu sebheyi lezinyoni zezinyoni. Konke lokhu kuchitheka ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi, emva kwalokho ingxenye yesigamu se-litre yamanzi amaningi. Utamatisi athuliswa ngesilinganiso 1 l somanyolo ngesihlahla esingu-1.

Ukwakheka okusebenzayo kwama-ovari, utamatisi uhlambalazwa ngamanyolo ngobisi: amaconsi angu-15 e-iodine, ilitha elingu-1 yobisi, ahlakazwa ngamalitha angu-4 amanzi, amaqabunga aphathwa ekuseni nakusihlwa.

Izithelo Ovary

Ngenkathi yesithelo esibelethweni, izithelo zamatamatisi zifakwe ngesixazululo somlotha.. Isisombululo sesisombululo:

1. Izindebe ezimbili zomlotha zihlanjululwe ngamalitha amabili amanzi (mhlawumbe ashisa);
2. faka amahora angu-48;
3. ukucindezela ukukhipha ukukhipha isisindo, bese ubuyisela emanzini - kakade kumthamo wamalitha ayi-10.

Izimila ziyathandeka ukuzinakekela kusihlwa noma ezinsukwini ezinamafu, lapho kungekho ilanga eliqondile.

Qaphela! Ngesikhathi ukwelashwa komlotha, amaqabunga e-tomato kufanele abe omile.

Fruiting

Kunezinhlobo zokupheka eziningi zomanyolo wezithelo ezinempilo nezihlwabusayo. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ngesikhathi sokuvuna kuphela ukugqoka izimpande zisetshenziswa. Nazi ezinye izinketho ezifanele:

1. Umanyolo we-Superphosphate. Ama-isipuni ayisithupha ama-akhawunti omanyolo ama-10 amalitha amanzi. Kule nkinga faka isipuni se-potassium humate. Ngaphansi kwezimpande zesidingo ngasinye sezihlahla ukuthululela ilitha elilodwa lomanyolo.
2. Umanyolo wamaminerali. Le nhlanganisela iqukethe i-iodine, manganese, i-potassium ne-boron, edingekayo ekwakheni izithelo zamanzi nezithelo ezihlwabusayo. I-10 g ye-boric acid ichitheka ilitha lamanzi ashisayo, emva kwalokho i-iodine (10 ml) kanye nelitha elilodwa nengxenye yomlotha lengeziwe. Ingxube nayo ichithekile ebhaketheni lamanzi (9-10 l) futhi ithulule 1 l ehlathini. Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi ungasebenzisa i-iodine kanjani ukondla utamatisi ungatholakala lapha.
3. Inhlanganisela yezimila eziphilayo nezamaminerali. Ibhakede lamanzi lavutha i-litre yomquba, 3 tsp. umanyolo wamaminerali kanye no-1 g we-manganese. Isihlahla ngasinye sinalo ilitha elingamahhafu lomanyolo.

Leyo yiklomelo ephelele yomanyolo womanyolo kulo lonke impilo yesitshalo. Ngokucacile nakakhulu, kuchazwe eshadini lokutshala utamatisi, okwethulwa ngezansi.

Qaphela: Kukholomu "Ukubunjwa" okuhlukile kokukodwa kwamanyolo kuboniswa, okusetshenziselwa kwesinye isigaba sokukhula, kodwa kungenziwa esikhundleni sezinye izigaba, okukhulunywe ngazo kulesi sihloko.

I-Scheme yomanyolo etafuleni: isikhathi nesilinganiso

Amathiphu engeziwe

Ngokuvunwa okunengi kanye nempilo yezitshalo, ukuchelela kubalulekile njengokugqoka okuphezulu.. Lapho kuvela amahlumela utamatisi, adinga ukuphuziswa kanye ngesonto, kuze kufike ku-5 amalitha amanzi ngaphansi kwezimpande zesihlahla ngasinye. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kubalulekile ukuqapha isimo senhlabathi nokugwema ukuqhuma kwamanzi. Lapho ukhula, inani lamanzi lokunisela liyehla (kufika ku-3 amalitha), kodwa amanzi kaningi: kakade ngesonto kakade.

Kubalulekile ukuqapha ukubukeka kwesitshalo: udinga ukondla utamatisi ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kunezibonakaliso ezibonisa ukuntuleka kwezakhi. Nazi izimo ezivame kakhulu:

1. Ukuntuleka kwe-Phosphorus: Isiqu se-tomato siba nsomi njengendawo ephansi yamaqabunga. Uma ukondla isihlahla ngekhambi elihlanjululwayo le-superphosphate, inkinga izophela ngosuku.
2. Ukuntuleka kwe-calcium: amahlamvu esitshalo aphikisiwe ngaphakathi, izithelo zibolile kusuka phezulu. Kulesi simo, kusindisa isixazululo se-calcium nitrate, esetshenziselwa amaqabunga.
3. Ukuntuleka kwe-nitrogen: utamatisi unciphisa ukukhula kwawo, umbala weziqongonga uba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma oluphuzi oluphuzi, kanti iziqu zincane kakhulu. Ukuphalaza ngesisombululo se-urea esibuthakathaka kungasiza.

Ukuvuthwa utamatisi kungabonakala kunzima kakhulu, kodwa uma uqalise kancane kancane zonke izincomo eziqokonyiswe lapha futhi unakekele izitshalo ngendlela efanele, izithelo ezinomsoco nezihlwabusayo ziqinisekisiwe.