Izinkolelo eziyinhloko zokufaka umquba wokuthambisa utamatisi ku-abamba ukushisa: nini, kanjani, nokuthi yiziphi umquba ozozenza?

Ngaphambi kwabalimi, abakhetha ukutshala utamatisi ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo, kukhona njalo umbuzo omkhulu mayelana nokuthi ungondla kanjani isitshalo ukuze ungalimazi futhi unike isivuno esihle. Iqiniso liwukuthi ukugqoka ukushisa phezulu kunezici zalo, futhi ngaphandle kwalokho, utamatisi uyisitshalo esingenasisekelo esingadinga ukunakekelwa futhi sidinga ukudala izimo ezifanele.

Kulesi sihloko ungafunda ngokufaneleka kokugqoka utamatisi ngenkathi kuhluma nokutshala endlini yokushisa, isibonelo, kusuka ku-polycarbonate, kanye nokunakekela utamatisi.

Izici kanye nokungafani ekukhuleni kwamatamatisi

• Ukothula utamatisi endaweni yokushisa kuncike ezinhlobonhlobo ezifanele. Izindlu zokugcina izithombo zikhetha izinhlobo ezibhekene nokuphikisana nezifo, ukubekezelelana okulula kokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa nokunye ukungabi nokukhanya. Izitshalo ezikhula kancane zifanelekile zokugcina izithombo ezincane zonyaka, nezinhlobo ezide zamakamelo avulekile.
• Ukulungiswa komhlaba kwenziwa kusengaphambili. Kudinga ukushisa, uma kungabikho Ukushisa, iminyango namafasitela zivalwe ngokuqinile, futhi umhlaba ukhululekile. Ukushisa komhlabathi wokutshala kungu-+ 10 degrees.
• Ukutshala izithombo zenza izinsuku ezingu-50 emva kokuhluma. Emhlabathini wangaphambi kokunisela, izimbiza zenziwa, isipuni samaminerali omanyolo siphonswa lapho, sithwala nge-potassium permanganate, kanti utamatisi atshalwe. Ngaphambi kokutshala, amaqabunga aphansi asusiwe ezimbandeni.
• Ukushisa okufanele - ama-23-26 degrees, ukudla okufika ngesikhathi nokuphuza okuvamile - ukunakekelwa okuyisisekelo kwalesi siko. Ukunisela kuyakulungele ukusebenzisa izinhlelo ezizenzakalelayo: imvula, ukuvuza, i-subsurface.

Isidingo sezinto ezikhethekile

Izitshalo zomanyolo ziyimaminerali futhi ziyizinto eziphilayo, zisetshenziselwa isimo esomile, se-liquid noma semi-liquid. Ukwelashwa ngokwayo kwenziwa ngokuphindaphindiwe nangezindlela ezahlukene.

Izakhi ze-macro nokulandelela

On the note. Ukukhethwa okudingekayo yi-utamatisi ku-greenhouse yi-nitrogen, i-potassium, ne-phosphorus.

1. Umquba omuncu obhekene nokuthuthukiswa kwamaqabunga kanye nesitshalo. Kubalulekile ukugcina isimiso: uma amaqabunga e-nitrojen aswelekile ayoba amancane futhi aphukile, futhi ngokugqithisa kwawo kukhula kakhulu, engeza ukwedlulela okungadingekile, okuzoholela ekukhuleni okubi kakhulu kwezithelo ngokwabo.
2. Phosphorus kuqinisa ukumelana kwezitshalo ezifweni nasezinambuzane. Okuqukethwe okwanele kwe-phosphorus kunomthelela ekwakheni nasekuqiniseni uhlelo lwempande, futhi kuphuthumise ukwakhiwa kwezithelo. Ukwandisa okuqukethwe kwe-phosphorus kuvimbela ukukhiqizwa kwe-zinc. Ungathola kabanzi mayelana namakhomikhali e-phosphate lapha.
3. Potassium liphuthumayo futhi lenze ngcono inqubo yokuvuthwa, kusiza ukudala imishanguzo yokulwa nezifo ze-fungal eziphawulekayo zokugcina izithombo zokugcina izithombo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-potassium yakha ukumelana nomasiko ezimweni ezimbi.

Lezi zi-macronutrients ezintathu ziyisisekelo ekudleni komtamatisi wokushisa. Bayibophezele ekwakheni izingxenye ezisemhlabeni zesitshalo kanye nokunambitheka kwezithelo. Umphumela wokondliwa okwanele kwanoma yikuphi okuvuna ukuwa. Ngaphandle kokubheka okuyinhloko, izakhi zokulandelela nazo zithonya ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa kootamatisi.

1. Boron obhekene nokwakheka nokuthuthukiswa kwezithelo zamaqanda, futhi isetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwezifo ezihlukahlukene. Kuyasiza ukuqinisa ukuzivikela komkhuba.
2. I-Manganese obhekene nenqubo ye-photosynthesis, ebaluleke kakhulu ekutshalweni kwemifino. Ngaphandle kwalo kuhlushwa isembozo seqabunga lamatamatisi, ngezindawo ezomile ezivela emaqabunga.
3. I-Zinc iqhaza ekushintsheni izakhi kanye ne-biosynthesis yamavithamini, ngokulinganayo inondla izitshalo ezinezinto zokugqoka eziphezulu.
4. I-Magnesium liphuthuma inqubo yokwakha i-chlorophyll. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi umanyolo uqukethe i-molybdenum, njengoba ilawula ukushintshaniswa kwama-macronutrients.
5. Sulfure yenza ukuhlanganiswa kwama-amino acids, bese-ke amaprotheni. Ihambisa futhi idlulise izakhi eziwusizo kulo lonke isitshalo.
6. Ubukhona be-calcium eyanele emhlabathini kuyadingeka, njengoba ikhuthaza ukuhlanganiswa kwezakhi kanye nokushintshaniswa kwezinto eziwusizo.

Nini, yiziphi umquba ezisetshenzisiwe futhi zondla kanjani ngokusho kwesigaba sokuthuthukiswa?

I-Scheme yomhlabathi ovaliwe

Ukondla ukushisa okushisa phakathi nenkathi, umanyolo usetshenziswe izikhathi ezintathu.

• Isikhathi sokuqala - amasonto amabili emva kokudluliselwa kwezithombo ngaphansi kwendawo yokuhlala.

  Ukuze wenze lokhu, lungiselela lohlobo: 200 g we-ammonium nitrate, 500 g we-double superphosphate kanye no-100 g we-chloride ye-potassium ihlanjululwe ngamalitha angu-100 amanzi.

• Ukudla kwesibili okhiqizwa ngesikhathi kwenziwa i-ovary.

  Isixazululo sihlanjululwa ngamalitha angu-100 amanzi, 300 g we-potassium nitrate kanye ne-800 g we-superphosphate yanezelwa kuso. Le nhlanganisela ichitheka ngqo ngaphansi kwezimpande.

• Okwesithathu greenhouse utamatisi zidla uma zivuthiwe.

  I-400 g ye-nitrate ye-potassium ne-400 g ye-superphosphate iphonswa emanzini ofanayo.

Inqubo yokuqala ekuhlumeni kwembewu

Zonke izinhlobo zezinhlobo ze-hybrid, ezithengwa ezitolo ezikhethekile, zitholakala ngaphambi kokufaka amaphakheji ngesikhathi sokupakisha. Zihlaselwa futhi zihluma enhlabathini elungiselelwe yokuhluma kokuqala. Uma imbewu ingathengi, kodwa iqoqwe, i-disinfected ne-potassium permanganate.

• Ukugqoka okuphezulu kuqala kwenziwa emva kokukhetha, ngakho-ke, izakhi zifakwe kwi-seed substrate. Ngaphambi komanyolo wokuqala, kuhluma ukondla kulokho okuqukethe umhlabathi.
• Ngemuva kwamasonto amabili emva kokushayela, isicelo sokufaka umquba wokuqala senzeke. Ngalesi sizathu, kusetshenziselwa izinkimbinkimbi eziqukethe ama-micro-microelements. Khetha ifomu le-chelated yezinto ezilandelanayo: lihlehla zibe yizinhlayiya ezitshalo ezincane ezikwazi ukuzenza. Uma ifomu liyi-sulphate, amahlumela amancane awahambisani nemikhiqizo yawo yokubola.
• Emva kokudla kokuqala kulandela ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwesiko, ngokunciphisa ukukhula ngemva kwezinsuku eziyishumi, phinda inqubo. Ingxube eyinkimbinkimbi ingafakwa esikhundleni sesisombululo: 3 g we-potassium, i-8 g ye-superphosphate, i-1 g ye-nitrate iphonswa ku-litre lamanzi. Ukondla isihlahla ngasinye kuthatha 500 g yokwakhiwa.

Ukwengeza, ungafunda ngokudla kokuqala kwezithombo zika utamatisi lapha, futhi lapha sitshele ukuthi singakwenza kanjani ngaphambi nangemva kokukhetha.

Lapho ufika

Ngaphambi kokutshala endaweni yokushisa, inhlabathi ilungisiwe, ama-eggshell aqothuliwe nomlotha wanezelwa emithonjeni ngobuncane (bucebile ezintweni ezibalulekile). Amaminerali amaminerali awakwazi ukuthunyelwa emithonjeni, ukugxila okuphezulu kulimaza izimpande, kufana nokusebenza kumquba noma i-humus.

Ngemuva kokufika

Kunconywa ukuthi uwathulule ngokumnika ama-herb ochotshoziwe (i-nettle, plantain) ngokushesha ngemuva kokutshala. U-ash ash kanye ne-mullein zengezwa utshani, konke kuhlanganisiwe, futhi ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa kuhlanjululwe ngamanzi ngesilinganiso se-1: 8. Lapho ukuphuza ukusetshenziswa yi-2 amalitha ehlathini ngalinye.

Utamatisi eqhakaza

Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, isiko sibhekene nokuntuleka okunamandla kwe-potassium ne-phosphorus, kanti i-nitrogen ngaleso sikhathi ingaphezu kokwanele. Akunakwenzeka ukwengeza utamatisi wezimbali ukuze urea. Lapho izimbali, umquba we-potashi kanye ne-phosphate kuyoba yiyona engcono kakhulu. Umanyolo osetshenziselwa ukukhuthaza ukukhula. Lezi zihlanganisa imvubelo, boric acid. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-boric acid ibalulekile ekulawuleni ukulimala kwamuva.

I-recipe yesisombululo: i-10 g ye-substance iphonsa ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi ashisayo. Uma amanzi epholile, utamatisi uchithelwa, kanti cishe u-100 ml weketshezi uyadliwa ngamamitha ayi-square.

Kubalulekile! Ukwandisa isivuno ku-greenhouse kubalulekile ukugqugquzela impova. Ukwandisa inani lama-ovari, igumbi liyabhalwa futhi amabhulashi ahlumayo ayazanyazanyiswa ngezikhathi ezithile; ukuthuthumela okunjalo kukhuthaza ukudluliswa kwempova emanzini angomakhelwane.

Umquba we-Foliar

Ngokuphathwa kokwelapha kufaka hlangana ukuhlunga izingxenyana zomhlaba zesitshalo. Ngamaqabunga, lesi sitshalo sisheshe senze izinto ezidingekayo. Le ndlela isetshenziselwa ukufeza umphumela oyifunayo ngesikhathi esifushane. Kulesi simo, izixazululo akufanele zigxilwe.

Amaminerali amaminerali asetshenziselwa ngendlela eyomile, ehlakazeka emhlabathini omanzi. Ngesikhathi sezimbali zomatamatisi kunconywa ukusebenzisa ikhambi labantu - umlotha ngamanzi (2 izinkomishi zomlotha ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi); i-sulphate yethusi ne-manganese sulphate 1: 2. Ukwelashwa kwenziwa ngesimo sezulu esibhakabhaka ukugwema ukushisa kwelanga.

Ulwazi oluthe xaxa mayelana nokudla okunomsoco lungatholakala lapha.

Indlela yokuqaphela isidingo sokunakekelwa kwama-foliar?

Ukuntuleka kwento ngayinye kunezici zayo.

1. Ngokwehluleka kwe-boron, kunesivinini se-top of the bush, ukubonakala kwezindawo ezimnyama ezitshalweni nase-yellowness phansi kwesibhamu.
2. Ngokuntuleka kwe-zinc, amaqabunga amancane avela nezindawo ezimnyama, kancane kancane agcwalisa iqabunga lonke, futhi enokuthile okufana nokushisa kwelanga.
3. Uma i-magnesium engekho, amahlamvu emkhatsini wezimvini aphenduka aphuzi noma alahlekile.
4. Ngokuntuleka kwamaqabunga e-molybdenum, kunezibonakaliso ze-chlorosis.
5. Uma kungekho calcium ngokwanele, kunezinguquko zangaphandle emaqabunga amancane, amathiphu abo aphilile, bese kuthi wonke amaqabunga amaqabunga, kanti amaqabunga endala ekhula futhi elula. Iziqongo zezithelo ziqala ukubola, futhi ngokuntuleka okukhulu kwe-calcium, phezulu kwehlathi kungase kufe.
6. Ukwehluleka kwesibabule kunikeza iziqu ezincane kakhulu, amaqabunga aphendulela okuhlaza futhi kancane kancane aphenduke aphuzi.
7. Uma kungenjalo insimbi, okokuqala, amahlamvu esisekelo ephenduka ophuzi, bese ephenduka amhlophe ngemifino eluhlaza.
8. Ukuntuleka kwama-manganese kunezibonakaliso ezifanayo, kodwa ukukhanya kwe-yellowness akubonakali phansi, kodwa kusakazwa ngezikhathi ezithile.
9. Ngokuntuleka kwesitshalo se-nitrogen sithela ngokushesha, kuqala ngamaqabunga aphansi.
10. Ukuntuleka kwe-phosphorus kunikeza isitshalo umbala obomvu, uma ukungabi nalutho, i-stem kanye nengxenye engezansi yamahlathi ithola ukungabi nalutho olubomvu.
11. Ukuntuleka kwe-potassium kubangelwa izimbali ezincane kanye nenani elincane lama-ovari.

Ukugcwalisa ukuntuleka kwezakhi

• Njenge-stimulator yokukhula, ama-yeast avamile afanelekile, agcwalisa utamatisi ngezinto eziwusizo futhi aqinise isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela. Ukuze uthole ikhambi:
  1. isikhwama esincane semvubelo;
  2. 2 tbsp. l ushukela;
  3. amanye amanzi afudumele ukuchitha konke;
  4. Ubuningi buhlanjululwe ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi; ingxenye yesigamu se-liquid iyadingeka kwisitshalo ngasinye.
• Kanye noma kabili ngesizini, utamatisi udliwe nge-iodine. Ngamalitha angu-100 amanzi, amahlumela angu-40 ayadingeka, amahlumela aphuzwa kakhulu, 2 amalitha ngamunye. ehlathini.
• Kuwusizo ukwenza ukwelapha foliar ngomlotha kunoma yisiphi isigaba sokukhula, ukusetshenziselwa kokubunjwa kufana namacala angaphambilini. Isixazululo sinezibuko eziyi-10 zomlotha ngamalitha angu-100 amanzi.

Ekuphetheni, kufanele kuqaphele ukuthi ukuvuthwa okuvamile nokufika ngesikhathi esifanele kwezamatamatisi abamba ukushisa kuyadingeka, njengokunisela nokuphuza. Ngaphandle kokuthengwa kwemifino eyinkimbinkimbi, futhi sebenzisa izingqungquthelwane ezenziwe kusuka ezingeni elihle. Yiqiniso, udinga ukwazi isilinganiso, ngoba inani elikhulayo lamaminerali amaminerali liholela ekudakaleni kokunambitha utamatisi.