Izimpawu kanye nencazelo ye-Gina utamatisi ehlukahlukene: ukulima nokulawula izinambuzane, isithombe sezotamatisi nezinzuzo ezihlukahlukene

Abalimi abaningi bazama ukuthola okukhiqiza kakhulu nokungahlehlisi ukukhathalela uhlobo lwezotamatisi, ukulwa nezifo ezinkulu. Enye yezimpumelelo zakamuva zokuzalanisa kweYurophu yilezizinyanga eziphakathi kuka-Gina utamatisi.

Ngenxa yezici zayo, ujabulela ububanzi obukhulu futhi obufanele phakathi kwabahlali basehlobo nasebalimi. Kungani ayefanelwe uthando lwabantu? Impendulo ikuchaza incazelo ezihlukahlukene, ozothola kamuva esihlokweni.

Sizobuye sethule ekufundiseni izici eziyinhloko, izici zokulima nokunakekelwa, ikhono lokulwa nezifo.

Utamatisi "Gina": incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo

Ake siqale ngencazelo yezitamatisi "Gina". Ihoxisiwe ngempela nje, kodwa seyithole ukuthandwa kakhulu nokuthandwa. Lesi sitshalo sifushane, esinqunyiwe, seqabunga eliphakathi. I-shrub ayiyona into ejwayelekile, kuze kube ngu-50-60 cm phezulu, iqukethe iziqu ezintathu ezikhulayo kusuka empandeni ngokwazo. Ayidingi i-garter, isakhiwo, pasynkovaniya.

Izinhlobonhlobo zezamatamatisi "Gina" zikhulu-fruited, ukuvuthwa phakathi, kusukela ekubukeni kwezinhlumela zokuqala ekuvuthweni okugcwele kwezithelo, izinsuku ezingu-110-120 zidlula. Ibhulashi lokuqala liqala ukubeka ngaphezulu kwamashidi ayisishiyagalombili, okunye - ngemva kwema-1-2 amashidi.

Njengezitamatisi eziningi ezikhulayo, likhulile emhlabathini ovulekile, kodwa futhi likhula kahle endaweni yokushisa. Lesi sitshalo sinamandla kakhulu, kodwa eningizimu yeRussia Federation singalinywa ngendlela engenambewu.

Ukubhekene nokushisa okushisa, ngakho-ke lapho ufika emhlabathini ovulekile, angadinga indawo yokuhlala yesikhashana eyengeziwe.

Isihlahla simelana nokulimala okuphelile, i-verticillosis, i-fusarium, i-root rot, i-TMM. Kungase kuhlaselwe izinambuzane. Kukhona uhlobo lwe-hybrid yesitshalo: Gina TST. Wakhula kancane kancane, inkampani yezolimo yaseMoscow "Search".

Utamatisi wezinhlobonhlobo ze-Gina ziyindilinga, epholiswe kancane phezulu, enombala obomvu obomvu, omkhulu, omncane kakhulu, obhekene no-200-300 amagremu. Inani lamakamelo esithelweni ngu 6-8. Ingxenyana yemisa yendaba eyomile utamatisi ngu-5%.

Qhathanisa isisindo sezinhlobo zezithelo nabanye kungaba setafuleni elingezansi:

Isikhumba sinyene, sinyene. Ukunambitheka kumnandi, kuyamnandi, kunomunyu omncane. Inyama yinyama, ithambile, iphunga kanye namanzi. Utamatisi wekhwalithi enhle, yebo, enhle. Kulungele ukubekezelela ukuhamba kwesikhathi eside, okugcinwe isikhathi eside.

Uma lezi utamatisi ezivuthiwe zifakwa esitsheni esingenasibindi esibukweni, ngokuqinile zivaliwe ngesembozo bese zibeka emakhazeni, khona-ke zizogcina ubuhle bazo, ukubukeka nokunambitha izinyanga ezintathu. Ngesitoreji esifanele, utamatisi awulahlekelwa ikhwalithi yezohwebo futhi unambitheke isikhathi eside kakhulu. Ukuhluma isikhathi eside, hhayi ubungane, welula. Mayelana nezithelo zezithelo ezingu-3-5 ku-shayela eyodwa.

Funda kabanzi mayelana nezifo zika utamatisi ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo nezindlela zokubhekana nazo ezihlokweni zethu.

Sizokubuye sikutshele ngazo zonke izindlela zokuzivikela ekubhebhethekeni kwezifo nezifo ezifana ne-Alternaria, Fusarium ne-Verticilliasis.

Isithombe

Futhi manje sinikeza ukubona izithombe ze-Gina utamatisi ezihlukahlukene.

Izici

I-Gina iyinhlobo ehlukahlukene yamaDashi. UGina wafakwa kwiRejista kaHulumeni yeRussia Federation ngo-2000 ngokukhulela emhlabathini ovulekile, ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo kanye nasezindlini zokuhlala zefilimu zesikhashana. Ukulimala utamatisi we-Gina kwenziwa ezindaweni eziseningizimu zaseRussia, e-Ukraine naseMoldova. Lapho ukhula kahle ngaphandle kokukhosela, ensimini. Izimo ezimbi kakhulu zezulu zizodinga ukutshalwa kwe-greenhouse.

Utamatisi wokuqokwa kwendawo yonke: ngokuphawulekayo kufanelekile ukukhiqizwa kwejusi, i-ketchup, unamathisele. Kungasetshenziselwa ama-saladi, ama-pickle. Ngenxa yesikhumba esinyene, esinyene, zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukukhweza, ukukhetha.

Ezihlukahlukene zikhiqiza kakhulu. Ngokunakekelwa kahle, ukuchelela okufika ngesikhathi, ukufaka umanyolo, okuvela esihlahleni esisodwa kungaqoqa kuze kube ngu-3-4 kg wezitamatisi ezinkulu, okumnandi. I-Gina ingenye yezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu ze-tomato zokukhethwa kweYurophu.

Umkhiqizo wezinye izinhlobo ukhonjiswe etafuleni elingezansi:

Izinzuzo zayo:

• ukuzithoba;
• fruiting eside;
• ukumelana nezifo ezinkulu;
• izithelo ezinkulu;
• isivuno esikhulu;
• ukunambitheka okukhulu;
• ukuhamba kahle, ukugcina ikhwalithi;
• izithelo kancane crack lapho kuvuthwa;
• akudingeki ukuba ugwetshwe.

Umthengi:

• isihlahla singahlaselwa yizinambuzane;
• ubhekana nokushisa okushisa.

Kufanelekile abaqalayo balimi abashayeli abangenalo ulwazi olwanele ekutshalweni kwalesi sitshalo.

Izici zokukhula

Abanye abalimi bezinhlanzi bathi izinhlobonhlobo ziphakathi nonyaka. Abanye babhala ngokuvuna kokuqala. Ngezimo ezihlukene zezulu, isikhathi sokuvuthwa singahluka ezinsukwini ezingu-85 kuya kwezingu-120. Njengoba kutshalwa ukushisa, ukuvuthwa kuzoba sekuqaleni.

Lezi utamatisi zinconywa ukuba zitshalwe yizithombo. Isikhathi esihle sokuhlwanyela imbewu yezithombo kuyoba sekupheleni kukaMashi.

Mayelana nazo zonke izindlela ezikhona zezitshalo ezikhulayo zika utamatisi, funda izihloko kusayithi lethu:

• ekhula ngezimpikiswano;
• ezimpandeni ezimbili;
• ezibhebheni ze-peat;
• akukho okukhethiwe;
• kwezobuchwepheshe beShayina;
• emabhodleleni;
• emaphethini e-peat;
• ngaphandle komhlaba.

Izitshalo zibhekene namazinga okushisa aphansiNgakho-ke, amahlathi afakwa endaweni engapheliyo kuphela emva kokuba inhlabathi ishushu ngokugcwele, ekuqaleni noma phakathi kukaJuni.

Kulungile. m indawo 3-4 izitshalo. Kuze kube yilapho beqina, kuhle ukusebenzisa i-garter yesikhashana ekusekeleni. Ukudlula noma ukwakha isihlahla akudingekile. Uma ukhulile ezindaweni eziseningizimu, kunconywa ukuba uhlinzekwe nge-garter, ukuze izihlahla zinezithelo zilele phansi. Ingavikela izimpande ekumeni.

Ukunakekela le utamatisi kulula: ukuchelela, ukukhulula inhlabathi, ukudla, ukukhula. Ukudla kokuqala okumele kwenziwe izitshalo kwenziwa 2 amasonto emva kokutshala endaweni ehlala njalo. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-10, inqubo iphindaphindiwe. Ukudla kwesithathu - ngemva kwamasonto amabili, nangemva kwezinsuku ezingu-20 - okwesine.

Funda izihloko eziwusizo mayelana namanyolo utamatisi.:

• Ama-Organic, amaminerali, ama-phosphoric, ama-fertilizer ahlanganisiwe nezilungele izithombo kanye ne-TOP kakhulu.
• Imvubelo, i-iodine, i-ammonia, i-hydrogen peroxide, umlotha, i-boric acid.
• Kuyini ukuphakelayo kwe-foliar futhi uma ukhetha, indlela yokuziphatha ngayo.

Ngesikhathi izihlahla eziqhakaza ziphuza cishe izikhathi ezimbili ngesonto. Ukunisela ukwanda ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa.

Izifo nezinambuzane

I-Gina iphikisana ngokuphelele nezifo eziyinhloko zikatamatisi, kepha ngezinye izikhathi ingahlaselwa yizinambuzane: ama-aphid, ama-wireworms, izimbali ze-cedar, ama-grubs.

Ukubona ukubukeka kwama-aphid kumaqabunga kulula kakhulu. Ishidi limbozwe ngamanzi anamanzi, ama-curls, aphenduka ophuzi. Ekuboniseni kokuqala kokulimala kwezitshalo, ungasebenzisa amakhambi omuntu oqinisekisiwe (ukumnika isikhumba se-anyanisi, ugarlic, umhlonyane noma ugwayi, amanzi asosi).

Uma kunezinambuzane eziningi, khona-ke kuzodingeka ukuthi kusetshenziswe izinambuzane ze-insecticide. (Spark, Phyto epulazini, i-Proteus, iKarate). I-Wireworm, i-Medvedka, ne-Khrushchi ihlala ngaphansi kwengqimba ephezulu yenhlabathi, ichithe uhlelo lwempande. Lokhu kungabangela isifo, ngisho nokufa kwesitshalo.

Izinambuzane zitholakala kuphela ngesimo jikelele nokubukeka kwesitshalo. Iyeka ukukhula, idlulele, amaqabunga aphuzi, awe. Ukucubungula kuphela ngamakhemikhali kuzosiza lapha: Zemlin, Medvetoks, Corado, Antikhrushch, Konfidor.

Ngokwezibuyekezo zabalimi, utamatisi we-Gina - enye yezinhlobonhlobo ezinhle kakhulu. Kulula kakhulu ukukhula, akudingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile. Ukubheka izidingo ezingaphansi kwetheknoloji yezolimo, ungathola isivuno esicebile samatamatisi amahle nge ukunambitha okuhle kakhulu.