Utamatisi wezinhlobonhlobo Valentine ngumsebenzi wabakhiqizi basekhaya base-Vavilov Institute.
Ngokwezibuyekezo ezivela kubalimi abaningi, lokhu kuhlukahluka kubizwa ngokuhleka ngokuthi "utamatisi wabalimi abavilaphayo." Ngenxa yezinga eliphansi elidinga ukunakekelwa elihle lokukhula nabalimi abaqalayo.
Esihlokweni sethu uzothola incazelo ephelele yezinhlobonhlobo, ujwayele izici zayo eziyinhloko kanye nezici ezikhethekile zokulima.
Utamatisi "i-Valentine": incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo
| Igama leBanga | I-Valentine |
| Incazelo jikelele | Utamatisi ovuthiwe wokuqala wokutshala ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo kanye nomhlabathi ovulekile. |
| Umsunguli | I-Russia |
| Ukuvusa | Izinsuku ezingu-102-105 |
| Ifomu | Izithelo ziyi-oval, ezinemibala |
| Umbala | I-Orange ebomvu |
| Isilinganiso sesisindo somunwe | 80-100 amagremu |
| Isicelo | Ngokuyinhloko ukulondolozwa |
| Ukukhiqiza izinhlobo | kuze kufike ku-12 kg ngomitha wesikwele ngasinye |
| Izici zokukhula | Inqubo ye-Agrotechnika |
| Izifo zokuphikisa | Ukulwa nezifo eziningi |
Ibanga lilethwa ebhalweni kaHulumeni futhi linconywa ukulima emagqumeni avulekile. Bush utshala uhlobo oluthile, lufinyelela ekuphakameni kwamamitha angu-50-60. Mayelana nezinhlobo ze-indemantannye zifunde lapha. Ngokuphathelene nokuvuthwa okuvuthiwe okuvuthiwe. Ukuvuthwa kwenzeka ezinsukwini ezingu-102-105 emva kokutshala imbewu ukuthola izithombo.
Uma ukhula emagqumeni avulekile, abalimi bayeluleka ukuba bangasusi izinyathelo, kungenjalo ukunciphisa isivuno kungenzeka. Esikhathini sokushisa kudinga ukupheleliswa, ukususwa ngokulinganisela kwezinyathelo. Kudinga ukuhlanganisa i-stalk ukusekela.
Isihlahla sihamba kancane, si-shtambic sinombala omncane weqabunga lombala ophuzi obomvu, ngezinga eliphansi lokubola. Ukuma nokubukeka kwamaqabunga kufana kakhulu namazambane.
Ama-Valentines utamatisi ayamelana nezifo eziyinhloko ze-utamatisi, ngokuzithoba ukhuthazela isomiso esincane. Ezihlukahlukene ziyaziwa isikhathi eside, ngokuhlolwa okuqhathaniswa okwenziwe ngabalimi ngo-2000, amateur enezimpawu eziyinkimbinkimbi waphuma phezulu.
Funda ku-website yethu: Ungayilungisa kanjani inhlabathi ekushiseni okushisa entwasahlobo? Iyiphi inhlabathi efanelekayo izithombo ezikhulayo kanye utamatisi omdala ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo? Yiziphi izinhlobo zomhlabathi utamatisi ezikhona?Futhi, ukusetshenziswa kwabagqugquzeli bokukhula, i-fungicides nezinambuzane zeSolanaceae ekhulayo.
Isithombe
Bheka inqubo yezinhlobo ezikhulayo nezithelo-utamatisi "i-Valentine" ingaba esithombeni:
Funda futhi kwiwebhusayithi yethu: Ungathola kanjani ukuvuna okukhulu utamatisi ensimini? Yiziphi izinhlobo ezinomkhuhlane omkhulu kanye nokuvunwa okuhle?Indlela yokutshala utamatisi omnandi unyaka wonke ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo? Izimfihlo eziyinhloko ze-agronomy yezinhlobo zokuvuthwa zakuqala.
Izici
Izinzuzo eziyinhloko ezihlukahlukene:
- isinqunjwana, isihlahla esihlanganisiwe;
- ukuvuthwa kokuqala;
- ukumelana nesomiso encane;
- ukuphepha okuhle ngesikhathi sokuhamba;
- ukumelana nezifo ezinkulu zika utamatisi;
- ayidingi ukususwa kwezinyathelo.
- Isitshalo esiphakeme (kufika ku-12 kg ngomitha wendawo ngayinye).
Ngomkhiqizo wezinye izinhlobo zezamatamatisi, ungabona etafuleni elingezansi:
| Igama leBanga | Ukuthela |
| I-Valentine | kuze kufike ku-12 kg ngomitha wesikwele ngasinye |
| Usayizi waseRashiya | I-7-8 kg ngayinye imitha yesikwele |
| Umgcini omude | 4-6 kg kusuka esihlahleni |
| I-Podsinskoe isimangaliso | 5-6 kg imitha ngayinye |
| I-ribbed yaseMelika | 5.5 kg kusuka esihlahleni |
| De barao giant | 20-22 kg kusuka esihlahleni |
| UNdunankulu | 6-9 kg imitha ngayinye |
| I-Polbyg | 4 kg kusuka esihlahleni |
| I-Black bunch | 6 kg kusuka esihlahleni |
| I-Kostroma | 4-5 kg kusuka esihlahleni |
| I-bunch ebomvu | 10 kg kusuka esihlahleni |
Ukungalungi:
Ngokusho kwezibuyekezo ezitholwa kubalimi abavame ukwandisa utamatisi Valentine, ngaphandle kokuthi isidingo sokubopha iziphambeko zasehlathini akukhonjisiwe.
Izici zesithelo:
- isakhiwo sezithelo siyi-oval, siyi-plum;
- Izithelo ezingavuthiwe ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, olubomvu olubomvu olubomvu;
- isisindo sesilinganiso 80-90, uma sikhulile ku-greenhouse kuze kube ngu-100 amagremu;
- ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kugcinwa ngezithelo, ama-sauces, i-lecho, amalungiselelo ebusika asekelwe utamatisi;
- isivuno esiphakathi sama-2.5-3.0 kilogram ehlathini, 10.5-12.0 kilogram uma ubhala izitshalo ezingaphezu kuka 6-7 kumitha ngayinye;
- isethulo esihle, ukuphepha okuhle ngesikhathi sokuhamba, okugcinwe kahle uma ubeka ukuvuthwa.
Ungaqhathanisa isisindo sezithelo zalezi zihlukahlukene nabanye etafuleni elingezansi:
| Igama leBanga | Izithelo isisindo |
| I-Valentine | 80-100 amagremu |
| UMongameli | 250-300 amagremu |
| Uhlala ehlobo | 55-110 amagremu |
| Klusha | 90-150 amagremu |
| I-Andromeda | 70-300 amagremu |
| I-Pink Lady | 230-280 amagremu |
| I-Gulliver | 200-800 amagremu |
| Banana obomvu | 70 amagremu |
| Nastya | 150-200 amagremu |
| Olya-la | 150-180 amagremu |
| De barao | 70-90 amagremu |
Lapho behlwanyela, basebenzisa amasu agrotechnical standard, kuhlanganise ukuchelela njalo kanye mulching yomhlabathi kanye umanyolo.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi ungamanyola kanjani utamatisi:
- I-Organic ne-mineral, izakhiwo ezilungisiwe, TOP best.
- Ukuze izithombo, lapho ukhetha, foliar.
- Imvubelo, i-iodine, umlotha, i-hydrogen peroxide, i-ammonia, i-boric acid.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Njengoba kukhulunywe ngenhla, utamatisi aphikisana nezifo eziningi. Noma kunjalo, ukuhlwanyela kungasongelwa yizilokazane - i-Colorado beetles, thrips, ama-aphid, izibungu zesicabucabu. Ekulwa nabo kuzosiza amalungiselelo e-microbiological kanye ne-chemistry.
Funda futhi kuwebhusayithi yethu: izifo ezivame kakhulu zika utamatisi ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo nezindlela zokubhekana nazo.I-Alternaria, i-fusarium, i-verticillis, ukulimala okuphelile nokuvikelwa kuyo, izinhlobonhlobo ze-tomato ezingathinteki ukulimala okuphelile.
Utamatisi kaValentine ngeke abe nesithakazelo kuphela kubalimi, ngenxa yokuthi kulula ukulima kanye nezidingo zesondlo esincane. Kuyoba nesithakazelo sabalimi ngenxa yokuthi kungenzeka ukunikeza utamatisi ngokuvuna kwasebusika.
Etafuleni elingezansi uzothola izixhumanisi ezinhlobonhlobo zezitamatisi ezinemibandela ehlukene yokuvuthwa:
| Ukuphumula okuphakathi | Ukukhula kokuqala | Ukuvuthwa kwesikhashana |
| I-Goldfish | I-Yamal | UNdunankulu |
| Okusajingijolo okumangazayo | Kwavuka umoya | I-Grapefruit |
| Imangaliso emakethe | Diva | Inhliziyo ye-Bull |
| De Barao Orange | Buyan | Bobcat |
| De Barao Red | U-Irina | INkosi yamakhosi |
| I-honey salute | Ugaxekile we-pink | Isipho sikaGogo |
| I-Krasnobay F1 | U-Red Guard | F1 iqhwa leqhwa |
