Iphampu yamanzi - into eyinhloko yokunikezwa kwamanzi, ukuchelela, ukunisela. Ukusebenza kwalo lonke uhlelo lonke kuncike ekusebenzeni kwalo. Uma idivaysi ikhethwe ekuqaleni ngendlela engafanele, akukho mandla anele, noma ukwakheka kwensiza akulungele imisebenzi eyenziwe, khona-ke ukungasebenzi kahle akunakugwenywa. Kulokhu, kuzodingeka ukuthi uthenge amanye amadivayisi ukuze unxephezele ukubuyisa, noma ushintshe imodeli ngokwayo. Ukuze ukhethe ipompo lamanzi elifanele amanzi endlu, i-cottage noma ingadi, kubalulekile ukuthi unake izici zokuqamba, umgomo wokusebenza, inhloso kanye nezimpawu zobuchwepheshe bemishini yokuphakamisa.
Imigomo ejwayelekile yokwakhiwa kwamaphampu
Uhlobo ngalunye lwepompo linezici zalo zokuklama, kepha umgomo ojwayelekile wokusebenza kwawo wonke amadivayisi wokupompa munye. Uma uvula i-motor kagesi, kwenziwa isudi ngaphandle kwendlu. Ngenxa yengcindezi ephansi, amanzi afakwa egunjini lokuphumula, athuthela epayipini lokukhipha futhi afakwa ngamandla ngamandla kulo ku-hose noma ipayipi. Amandla we "extrusion" amanzi anquma ingcindezi ohlelweni. Kufanele kube phezulu ngokwanele ukunqoba ukumelana ne-hydraulic.
Onke amaphampu asebenza kumgomo wokudonsa amanzi ngokungena nokuphuma kuwo, kusho ukuthi ahluka kuphela ngendlela adala ngayo vacuum
Ukwakheka kwamaphampu kungahlukahluka ngokuya ngokuthi vacuum idalwe kanjani ocingweni, ngalesi sisekelo, amaphampu ahlukaniswe:
- i-centrifugal;
- i-vortex;
- okudlidlizayo (igama lesibili kungugesi).
Ngokuya ngendawo yesihlobo sepompo ethangini lamanzi, amamodeli angaphezulu nangaphansi angafani. Ngomklamo nokusebenza, amadivaysi ahlukaniswe kahle, isimbotshana, udonsa, amaphampu we-motor. Incazelo enemininingwane inikezwe kuvidiyo engezansi:
ICumprifugal Pump - Izinsiza Zomhlaba Wonke
Amadivayisi alolu hlobo asetshenziswa cishe kuzo zonke izindawo - zombili ezezimboni nezasekhaya. Umgomo wokusebenza uqonde ekwakhekeni kwamandla amakhulu ngaphakathi kwezindlu, ngenxa yokuthi lapho kuhamba khona amanzi, kucikwa ingcindezi. Ama-blade namasondo engxenye esebenzayo, iyajikeleza, idonsela uketshezi, icindezele odongeni, bese iwusunduza lapho kuphuma khona izinto. Ngokuya ngokwakhiwa nenhloso, amadivayisi ahlukaniswe ngamaqembu amaningi. Zingaba ngaphezu komhlaba futhi zinqotshwe, zingabumbeka, zibambe mpo, zibheke phezulu, ziqonde embhoshini, zingezodwa futhi ziningi.
Zonke izinto zokwakha zenziwe ngezinto ezinamandla aphezulu, izingxenye azigcini. Kucatshangwa ukuthi amaphampu azosebenza ngokuqhubekayo. Ngakho-ke, zenzelwe ngendlela yokuthi insiza ilula futhi isheshe. Amadivaysi angasebenza emazingeni okushisa aphezulu nasezindaweni ezinolaka lwamakhemikhali, izici zincike ezimfanelweni zemodeli ethile. Ezinye zazo zingamelana nama-degree angama-350.
Izinzuzo zamaphampu we-centrifugal afaka ukuthembeka, ukuqina, ukuthembeka, intengo enengqondo, amandla okuhlomisa nge-automation edingekayo, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu. Noma kunjalo, njenganoma iyiphi enye insiza, lolu hlobo lwepompo lunezinkinga zalo. Ngakho-ke, ukuqala i-divayisi, izindlu kumele zigcwaliswe ngamanzi, ngoba ngenxa yamandla aphansi we-centrifugal, amanzi awangenwa kwi-nozzle. Uma umoya ungena ngaphakathi kokungena, ipompo kungenzeka ime. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma ukumelana kokuphakelwa kwamandla kuguquka, lokhu kungathinta ukuqina kwensiza.
Amaphampu we-centrifugal angaphezulu ayasebenza, kulula ukuwakhipha nokuwathutha, kepha awalungele ukufakwa kwesikhashana
Amaphampu weCentrifugal cantilever asetshenziswa kabanzi. Zisetshenziselwa ukupompa amanzi ahlanzekile futhi angcolile aqukethe ukungcola nezinhlayiya ezincane eziqinile. Ngezinhlelo zokuhlinzekelwa kwamanzi kwezindlu namakhethini, kusetshenziswa amaphampu we-cantilever aqonde esiteji esisodwa. Amaphampu angama-Multistage ovundlile angumdwebo osebenza njengamadivaysi afanayo amaningana, axhunyiwe ngokulandelana, esiteji esisodwa. Ngenxa yalokhu, bayakwazi ukuhlinzeka ngomfutho onamandla ohlelweni.
Amapompo wamanzi weCentrifugal athengwa amakhaya, izindlu zangasese, izinhlelo zokunisela nokunisela. Bafakwe ezinhlelweni zokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi ezisebenza kusuka emithonjeni. Sebenzisa amamodeli we-submersible and semi-submersible. Esokuqala kulula ukusifaka, kanti esokugcina kulula ukusigcina. Ukufaka imodeli enganqobeki emthonjeni, kudingeka izimo ezikhethekile. Lokhu kungumsebenzi okhandlayo, ngakho-ke, ngaphandle kwezinzuzo ezisobala, abanikazi bezindlu ezizimele kungenzeka ukuthi bakhethe amamodeli angaphansi. Zingafakwa emithonjeni, lapho kwakukhona ukuphambuka kusuka phezulu lapho kufakwa i-casing. Amaphutha wokuqamba afaka ukuzwela okuphezulu kwesihlabathi nokungcola.
Sinikeza ukubuyekezwa kwamaphampu wamanzi we-centrifugal monoblock, alungele ingadi:
Izici zomsebenzi wezakhiwo zohlobo lwe-vortex
Idivayisi isebenza ngenxa yesondo le-vortex, okuyidiski yensimbi enamabala enza amandla amakhulu. Ngenxa yezici zokuklama, amanzi ashushuluza ngemiklamo ebukeka njengesivunguvungu. Inzuzo enkulu yamaphampu ohlobo lwe-vortex ukucindezela kwabo okunamandla. Ngobukhulu, isisindo, ubukhulu bamasondo nenombolo yokuguquka okulingana naleyo yephampu yesentimitha, i-vortex inikezela ngomfutho ophakeme. Ngakho-ke, ubukhulu bomzimba wemodeli ye-vortex bungaba buncane kakhulu kune-centrifugal.
Ngenxa yengcindezi ephezulu eyenziwe ngamaphampu e-vortex, asetshenziswa ngempumelelo ekuniseleni izingadi nezingadi zasekhishini. Zilungele ukufakwa ezinhlelweni zamanzi zezindlu zasehlobo nezindlu ezizimele, uma kunesidingo sokwandisa ingcindezi kwinethiwekhi. Ngokungafani namamodeli we-centrifugal, i-vortex evame ukubekezelela ama-Bubble amakhulu omoya angena kwipayipi. Amasayizi we-compact akhulisa umkhawulo walolu hlobo lwepompo. Kokungahambi kahle - ukuzwela izinhlayiya ezimisiwe emanzini. Uma ziningi zazo, iphampu izosebenza ngezikhathi ezithile futhi ngokushesha izoba yize.
Ngenxa yobukhulu bawo obuhlangene namandla amakhulu, amaphampu e-vortex alungele kahle ukufakwa emithonjeni emincane yobubanzi obukhulu
Amaphampu okudlidliza ekhaya nasengadini
Ngekhaya, i-cottage kanye nengadi, ungakhetha iphampu yamanzi kagesi yohlobo lokudlidliza. Umgomo wokusebenza kwawo ususelwa ethonyeni lensimu ka-elekthronikhi eyakhiwe yikhoyili edonsa isisekelo sensimbi nge-diaphragm eguquguqukayo. Ngokugoba, idayagramu yerabha idala ingcindezi ephansi, ngenxa yalokho amanzi afakwa egunjini le-hydraulic. Lapho i-diaphragm ibuyela endaweni yayo, ingcindezi iyakhuphuka bese i-valve ivala okufakwayo, ngakho-ke amanzi ayaphonswa ngaphandle kokuphuma. Ukuhamba njalo kwesiqubulo kuqinisekisa ukumpompela kwamanzi okungaphazamiseki.
Amaphampu wohlobo lwe-Vibration asetshenziselwa ukuhlela ukuthambisa nokunisela kwezitshalo. Zifakwe ezinhlelweni zokuhlinzekelwa ngamanzi ezizimele. Inzuzo enkulu yalomklamo yikhono lokupompa amanzi angcolile, okuwavumela ukuthi asetshenziswe lapho kupompa imithombo kanye nemithombo yokuhlanza okuyivikela. Lapho usebenza ngamanzi angcolile, ukusebenza kwamaphampu we-vibration kwehla kakhulu, kepha angabhekana nokuhlanza phansi kwezakhiwo ze-hydraulic. Okunye ukufakwa komklamo izindleko zayo eziphansi futhi zithembekile. Ukuqina kwamadivaysi kuhlinzekwa ngumklamo lapho kungekho khona izinto ezihambayo nezihlikihla.
Uma ububanzi bomthombo bukhulu kakhulu, ungafaka ipompo yokudlidliza, ngemuva kokufaka izindandatho zenjoloba “ukumanzisa” ukudlidliza.
Okubi kwephampu kagesi yokudlidliza kagesi akuncane kunezinzuzo. Ekusebenzisaneni kwamadivayisi, ukungasebenzi kahle kuvame ukwenzeka lapho kwenzeka amandla amakhulu. Uma umnikazi wendlu ethatha isinqumo sokufaka iphampu yokudlidliza, kuzothengwa i-voltage stabilizer eyengeziwe. Amaphampu anjalo asetshenziswa ngempumelelo ekupompeni amanzi avela emithonjeni, kepha akunqweneleki ukuwafaka emithonjeni, ikakhulukazi ububanzi obuncane, naphezu kokufakwa kalula. Ukudlidliza okwenzeka njalo kuba nomthelela omubi ekwakhekeni kwenkamba, futhi kungekudala, ipompo liyaziphula noma libhubhise ipayipi lokukhiqiza.
Kuyinto engathandeki ukufaka iphampu ye-Trickle ngamapayipi amancane wokugcina. Lokhu kungahle kube nomphumela wokulungiswa kwepompo okungakahlelwanga noma ngisho nokumba umthombo omusha.
Amaphampu angaphezulu nangaphansi
Yonke imishini yokuphakamisa amanzi ingahlukaniswa ibe ngaphansi futhi ingaphansi. Kufakwa izigaxa zohlobo lokuqala eduze kwezakhiwo noma amachibi lapho kukhiwa khona amanzi. Elesibili ligxiliswa emanzini. Imiklamo iyahluka ngokusebenza, uhlobo nendawo yama-inlets, izimo ezivumelekile zokufaka. Izinhlobo ezingaphezulu komhlaba zivame ukushibhile futhi zikwazi ukusebenza uma ukuphakama kongqimba lwamanzi kungaphansi kwamasentimitha angama-80. Amaphampu angaphansi komhlaba kufanele asebenze ekujuleni okungenani kwamamitha ayi-1 ngaphansi kwamanzi.
Amamodeli aphezulu angaphezulu kwesinqumo esihle sokunisela.
Impompo yamanzi engaphezulu yengadi noma engadini yasekhishini ilungile uma udinga ukuhlela ukuchelela ethangini lemvelo noma ithangi levolumu. Uma kunesidingo, kulula ukukhipha futhi kudlulisele kwenye indawo, kufakwe kwisitoreji. Ilungele kahle amakhishi ehlobo. Kungafakwa ipompo enjalo ukukha amanzi emthonjeni noma emthonjeni ongashonile (kufika ku-9 m), umthombo we-Abyssinian. Kulokhu, umnikazi akudingeki ukuthi athathe idivaysi ngobubanzi, ngoba kuphela i-hose yehliselwa emthonjeni, futhi kufakwa ipompo ngokwayo eceleni kwepayipi lokukhiqiza.
Iziteshi zokuphompa ziyimishini yokuphakamisa amanzi ebusweni. Ziyizinhlelo ezisebenza ngokuxubha ezihlanganisa ipompo kanye nesidibanisi se-hydraulic
Ukuphela kwe-caatat - ukufaka imodeli yaphezulu, udinga ukulungiselela igumbi lapho ithuluzi lakhona liyovikelwa khona umswakama, futhi umsindo ovela ekusebenzeni kwalo ngeke ukhathaze noma ngubani. Faka idivaysi phansi noma epulatifini ekhethekile yokuntanta, uma udinga ukuthatha amanzi emthonjeni ovulekile. Lapho ufakwa emigodini evuzayo evaliwe, phansi ayithelwa ngokhonkolo, kepha imbozwe ngotshani. Izinto ezinobuningi zithatha umswakama okweqile ongaba khona lapho amanzi ehamba ngokusebenzisa izindandatho zekhonkolo noma amakhaza.
Uma ubala amandla adingekayo, kufanele ukhumbule ukuthi isilinganiso sobude obuqondile nobubanzi obuyi-1: 4, i.e. 1 m wamapayipi omile kubhekwe njengama-4 m okuqondile. Ngenhlangano yokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi, kungcono ukusebenzisa amapayipi epulasitiki, kunokufaka ama-hoses enjoloba. Ngenkathi ukupompa uketshezi ngokusebenzisa ama-hoses agobekayo, angacindezelwa futhi agobeke ngamaconsi okucindezela. Amanzi ngeke ngokujwayelekile adlule emgodini omncane, okuholela ekuphazamisweni kokugeleza.
Usebenzisa imishini engaphezulu, kulula ukuhlela ukuthambisa izitshalo echibini. Ukuze wenze lokhu, lapho ukhetha imodeli, kubalulekile ukunaka ukuthi amanzi azofika nezinhlayiya zokungcola nesihlabathi
Imishini engasetshenziselwa ukufaka amanzi ekhaya
Impompo engcono kakhulu yendlu noma yokuhlala ehlobo lapho bahlala khona isikhathi eside iyimpompo engaphansi. Ifanelwe kahle uma kuhlelwa ukuthi kufakwe uhlelo lokuhlinzekwa ngamanzi kusuka emthonjeni ojulile (ngaphezu kuka-9-10 m). Imodeli yendlu ejwayelekile ikhipha amanzi emthonjeni ukuya kuma-40 m ukujula, futhi kwizakhiwo ezijulile ungathola ithuluzi elinamandla ngokwengeziwe. Ngokukhethwa kwamaphampu emithonjeni afinyelela kuma-80 m, izinkinga zivame ukuvela, ngoba i-assortment ibanzi. Onke amamodeli angaphansi kwesisekelo afakwe ukuvikelwa kokuqina kokuzenzakalela.
Ungafaka iphampu engaphansi uma ingathinti phansi, futhi ukuphakama kongqimba lwamanzi ngaphezulu kwayo kuzoba okungenani imitha eyi-1. Lokhu kudingekile ngenxa yezizathu eziningana. Okokuqala, ukuze injini iphole ngokwejwayelekile, kufanele kube namanzi anele. Okwesibili, izinga lamanzi emthonjeni noma emthonjeni alizinzile. Ungahluka ngokuya ngesizini. Kubalulekile ukuthi iphampu ingasondeli kakhulu esibukweni samanzi, ngaphandle kwalokho kungaba nobunzima ngokutholakala kwamanzi. Ipompo akufanele ifinyelele phansi ngamamitha ayi-2-6 ukuze ukungcola kanye nezinhlamvu zesihlabathi kusuka phansi zingangeni kumbhobho wokungena.
Isici esihlukile samaphampu wokudonsa amanzi yikhono lokupompa womabili amanzi ahlanzekile namanzi angcolile ane-inclusions eqinile. Kunikezwe i-mesh endaweni yokufaka yepompo enjalo. Amadivayisi angaxhunyaniswa nezinhlelo zokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi
Isifundo sevidiyo esifushane ekukhetheni iphampu
Lapho ukhetha umpompo wamanzi kagesi wendlu, i-cottage noma ingadi, okokuqala, cabanga ngezinhloso zayo ezihlosiwe. Okokusebenza okuhle "kukho konke" akukho. Cabanga ngemisebenzi esemqoka ezosetshenziswa yilolu cingo, noma ngabe luzosebenza kuphela ekupompeni amanzi ahlanzekile, noma kungenzeka ukuthi kuzodingeka luphakamise amanzi ngesihlabathi nodaka.
Lapho ukhetha imodeli ethile, qiniseka ukubheka imingcele ebaluleke kakhulu yezobuchwepheshe: amandla, ukusebenza, ukusebenza kahle, ingcindezi ephezulu. Uma ngesikhathi sokubala kukhona ukungabaza ngokunemba kwabo, thinta uchwepheshe. Ngokuqondene nemikhiqizo yempompo yamanzi yasendlini, imikhiqizo iWilo, DAB, Gileks, Belamos izibonakalise kahle. Umholi wemakethe uluhlobo lweGrundfos.
