Isitshalo samafutha eCastor siyisitshalo esihlala sikhona esiqhamuka emndenini we-Euphorbia. Kukholakala ukuthi yaqhamuka e-Ethiopia, ukusuka lapho yasakazekela ezindaweni ezishisayo nezindawo ezisendaweni yonke yomhlaba. Ingatholakala futhi ngaphansi kwamagama "isihlahla sepharadesi", "castor" noma "Turkish hemp". Iziqu ezinhlamvu eziqinile ezimbozwe ngamaqabunga amakhulu angajwayelekile zihlobisa kakhulu. Lokhu kwenza amafutha e-castor athandwe kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi. Ngasikhathi sinye, izakhiwo ezinobuthi zembewu kanye nojusi ziyesabisa. Vele, lokhu kudinga ukunakwa okwandayo, kepha ngokuphathwa okufanele, uwoyela we-castor uzoba umhlobiso omuhle kakhulu wensimu futhi uzoheha ukunakwa okuningi.
Izici ze-Botanical
Isitshalo se-Castor-oyela - isihlahla esidlakhula ngokushesha esikhula ngokushesha esingu-2- 10 m. Emvelweni wemvelo, sikhona iminyaka eminingana, sithokozela ngosayizi waso omkhulu namaqabunga okuhlobisa. Esimweni sezulu esifudumele, uwoyela we-castor ukhula njengonyaka. Ngenkathi yesikhathi uyakwazi ukupanda aze afike ku-3 m ukuphakama. Izithombo ezinamandla ezigobekile zingamashubhu angenalutho anendawo enomphele. Zimbozwe ngesikhumba esiluhlaza okotshani, obomvana noma onsomi ngokunamathela okuncane koshayela onsomi.
Amahlamvu amakhulu we-petiolate akhula futhi. Ubude be-petiole eyodwa amasentimitha angama-20-60. Iqabunga linomumo wesundu osikiwe kakhulu futhi liqukethe ama-lobes angama-5-7. Ububanzi bethanga leqabunga elilodwa lifinyelela ku-30-80 cm.Izingxenye ezimise okwama-oval onqenqemeni olukhonjisiwe nezinhlangothi ze-wavy zidwetshwe ngombala oluhlaza okotshani. Ebusweni, imithambo ephakathi neyemuva ibonakala kahle.
Izimbali zenzeka ezinyangeni zasehlobo. Phakathi kwamaqabunga naphezulu kwesihlahlana samabhulashi aminyene wezimbali ezincane, ezi-nondescript ziyaqhakaza. I-inflorescence ngayinye iqukethe efihlekile yowesilisa nowesifazane, edwetshwe ngombala omhlophe noma ukhilimu. Ama-stamens amaningi akha i-bun egcwele futhi anikeze i-inflorescences airiness. Izimbali zabesifazane ezine-stigmas ezihlukile zependiwe ngopelepele, ophuzi noma obomvu.
Ngemuva kokuvota, izinhlwayiya zembewu eyindilinga, embozwe yisikhumba ngama-spikes abukhali, avuthiwe. Ububanzi bezithelo bufika ku-3 cm. Ngaphakathi, ihlukaniswe yaba yiminyango emi-3, lapho kukhona khona imbewu enkulu impela, efana nobhontshisi, onesikhumba esibonakalayo.
Zuza futhi ulimaze
Imbewu kawoyela kaCastor, kanye ne-oyela yayo, iqukethe inani elikhulu le-ricin ne-ricinin. Lezi zinto, eziyingozi kakhulu kubantu, zibangela ubuthi, imisipha kanye nokopha emgodini wokugaya ukudla. Ungafa, sekwanele ukuthi ingane idle kuze kufike emithini engu-6, kuthi kumdala - kuze kube ngu-20. Ngokuvamile umthamo omncane uvame ukwanela. Awungeke uzame nokuhlafuna uwoyela oyi-castor, ikakhulukazi imbewu. Futhi, ngemuva kokusebenza engadini, geza izandla zakho kahle.
Izimpawu zokuqala zobuthi ubuthi ukuhlanza, ikhanda, ubuthakathaka obujwayelekile, ukuvutha kanye nokugabha esiswini, kanye nethoni yesikhumba ephuzi. Ngokushesha lapho kuvela izinsolo zobuthi, kufanele ufonele udokotela ngokushesha, njengoba isimo sizoshuba ngokushesha.
Yize imbewu inobuthi kakhulu, embonini yezokwelapha i-castor uwoyela ibhekwa kahle ngabo. Amafutha abalulekile ahlala afinyelela cishe isigamu umthamo wezinto zokusetshenziswa ezingavuthiwe. Zisetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kanye nezinjongo zobuchwepheshe.
Ngemuva kokucubungula okhethekile, uwoyela we-castor uyatholakala. Ubuchwepheshe besipin benza ukuthi sikwazi ukuguqula ama-alkaloid anobuthi. Umuthi usiza ukubhekana nokulimazeka komgudu wokugaya ukudla, i-colitis, ukuqunjelwa kanye nomkhuhlane. Kugcotshwa izilonda futhi kushiswe esikhunjeni. Ku-cosmetology, uwoyela we-castor usetshenziselwa ukukhipha ama-warts kanye namabala amabala amhlophe. Kuyasiza nokukhulisa umsebenzi wesibeletho wesibeletho futhi kusiza ukwenziwa kwe-bronchitis.
Izinhlobo zegadi
Izinhlobo ze-castor bean yi-monolithic, okungukuthi, isuselwa ezinhlotsheni kuphela - ubhontshisi we-castor. Waba ngumsunguli wezinhlobonhlobo zokuhlobisa kanye nzalo. Isitshalo siyisihlahla esivuthayo esimbozwe ngamaqabunga amade, aqoshwe. Ama-inflorescence asondele kakhulu ophuzi noma okhilimu awukhula eduze nesiqu kuma-peduncle amafushane. Ngemuva kokuvunda, esikhundleni sazo kubekwa amabhokisi enzalo eyimbewu ngezipoko. Phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo ezinhle kakhulu, okulandelayo kuyahlukaniswa:
- Amafutha we-Gibson castor. Isihlahla esingamamitha ayi-1,5 ukuphakama simbozwe ngamaqabunga amakhulu aluhlaza anensimbi yensimbi. Ngaphezulu eduze nemithambo, ipuleti lamaqabunga lithola umbala obomvu.
Gibson Castor Amafutha - Isitshalo samafutha eCastor. Izinhlobonhlobo zonyaka ezinamanani wokukhula aphezulu afinyelela kuma-200 cm ukuphakama. Amaqabunga amakhulu impela anombala obomvu-ubomvu, futhi ama-inflorescence amahle atholakala eduze kwesiqu.
I-Castor bean Zanzibar - Isitshalo samafutha eCastor abomvu. Izinhlobonhlobo ezihlobisa kakhulu, eziphakeme ngo-1.5-2 m, zikhula ngamaqabunga amakhulu esundu wombala obomvu omnyama onendawo ecwebezelayo.
Ubhontshisi obomvu - UCastor bean impala. Isihlahla esihlangene ngokwengeziwe sikhula sibe ukuphakama okungamasentimitha ayi-120. Izimpande zaso ezinamandla ezikhula ngokushesha zinamachashaza aluhlaza okotshani anemivimbo ebomvu emithanjeni kanye nezimbali ezibomvu ezifanayo ezikhanyayo ezinkulu.
ICastor Amafutha i-Impala - Umbhede wobhontshisi kaCastor. Isihlahla esinamandla esinesiqu esibomvu esinamagatsha akhula ngo-3 m ukuphakama. Inamaqabunga amakhulu aluhlaza anendawo ecwebezelayo.
Amafutha ama-castor castor - Isitshalo samafutha eCastor eCambodian. Isitshalo esingaba ngu-1,2 m ukuphakama sifanekiswa yisigaxa esicishe sibe mnyama kanye namahlamvu aluhlaza omnyama, asikwe cishe ekugcineni.
ICambodian Castor Amafutha
Ukuzala kabusha
Abalimi bagcizelela ukuthi ukukhulisa uwoyela i-castor ekhaya kungenzeka kuphela ngembewu. Ngenhlanhla, inani elanele labo lavuthwa phakathi nenkathi. Imbewu enkulu imbozwe ngesikhumba esiminyene, esidonsa inqubo yokuhluma. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, ziyakhubazeka (zilimaza isikhumba ngefayela noma nge-sandpaper). Ngemuva kwalokho izinto zokutshala zimanzi amahora ayi-10-12 kusisombululo se- "Epina".
Amafutha eCastor angahlwanyelwa ngokushesha emhlabathini ovulekile ngoMeyi. Ukuthola isitshalo esinamandla ngokushesha, izithombo sezitshalwa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli, lungiselela amabhodwe amancane agcwele inhlabathi okukhulu engadini. Imbewu ezinkulu kulula ukusabalalisa ngamunye ngamunye. Bangcwatshwa ngamasentimitha ayi-1.5-2,5. Ngemuva kokucutshungulwa, amahlumela avela ngokushesha, vele ngosuku lwesithathu noma lwesine. Izithombo ngokushesha zikhula ngokushesha okukhulu. Ukuphunyuka kudonswe, bese kuvela amaqabunga oqobo aqoshwe. Ukuze uthole isihlahla somdensens, izithombo zidluliselwa endaweni epholile enamazinga okushisa we- + 15 ... + 18 ° C. Kancane kancane isitshalo se-oyela ekhulayo sifafazwa nomhlaba kanti imbiza igcwaliswa ubisi.
Lapho kufika isikhathi sokutshala isitshalo esithanda ukushisa emhlabathini ovulekile, ukuphakama kwesitshalo sikabhontshisi we-castor kuzovele kufinyelele kumamitha ayi-1. Ngokuvamile lokhu kwenzeka ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi noma ekuqaleni kukaJuni. Noma amafomu acwebile ahlukahluka ngosayizi omkhulu, ngakho-ke izitshalo ezi-1-2 zinqunywa emgodini ngamunye wokutshala. Ukufakelwa kwenziwa ngendlela ye-transshipment ukuze izimpande ezibucayi zingaholi. Ibanga phakathi kwezimo ngazinye eqenjini kufanele libe ngu-1-1,5 m.
Imithetho Yokunakekela
Amafutha eCastor akathobeki futhi akhula ngokushesha okukhulu. Okuhle kunakho konke, amabhusha akhula enhlabathini enempilo enempilo (i-chernozem). Lapho likhula izinga lokuzala, ihlathi liba likhulu. Lapho kukhona okusalungiswa okuqinile, ukukhula kwamafutha we-castor kuzokwehla. Izinhlobo eziningi zithanda indawo enomswakama nokukhanya okuhle.
Amaqabunga aqobayo asusa ngokushesha umswakama, ngakho-ke ukuthambisa okujwayelekile kuba yiphuzu eliyinhloko ekunakekelweni. Uma kungekho ukuna kwezulu, ibhakede lamanzi lithululelwa emhlabathini izikhathi ezi-1-2 ngesonto.
Ngokushesha nje emva kokutshala, inhlabathi eduze kwesitshalo iyafakwa. Okokuqala sidinga ukhula ngezikhathi ezithile nokuqeda ukhula. Kancane kancane, ukhula uqobo luyoyeka ukukhula.
Ngesikhathi sonyaka, uwoyela wama-castor izikhathi eziphindwe kabili uphakanyiswa ngamanyolo wamaminerali anokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-nitrogen. Okokuqala ngqa ukuthi zethulwe ngesikhathi sokuqunjelwa.
Ekwindla, ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo sokuqala, amahlumela azoqala ukwenza mnyama, futhi amaqabunga ayabuna. Ngeshwa, uwoyela we-castor awudli ebusika ngesimo sezulu esifudumele, ngakho-ke akukho phuzu ekuzameni ukuligcina. Isitshalo esomile siyanqunywa, bese umhlaba uyamba, ulungiselela ingadi entsha yezimbali.
Isitshalo samafutha eCastor simelana nezifo eziningi zezitshalo. Kusendaweni ebandayo nenomthunzi kuphela lapho kungabola khona, i-phylostictosis noma i-Powusy isikhutha. Ukwenza ngcono isihlahla kuzosiza ukwelashwa nge-fungicides noma i-Bordeaux ewuketshezi.
Ngezikhathi ezithile, amacimbi, izingwe zamanga, izimbuzane zasemanzini, izibungu zesihlabathi kanye nama-wireworms zihlala emaqabungeni naseziqu. Izinambuzane zizokhathaza kancane uma utshala amakhambi abilayo, ugalikhi no-anyanisi eduze kwamafutha we-castor. Ukwelashwa komhlonyane obabayo (1: 3) noma ama-insecticides kuyasiza nangama-parasites.
Isitshalo samafutha e-Castor in landscaping
Isihlahla esikhulu esinamaqabunga akhephuzelayo wezimbali ezibomvu neziluhlaza simile ekutshaleni okukodwa phakathi kotshani noma enkabeni yombhede wezimbali oyindilinga, ohlotshiswe izitshalo ezigeleza kancane zezimbali. Amafutha eCastor avame ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa uthango noma ukuhlobisa izindonga. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izimpukane zindiza kaningi eduze kwesitshalo.
Yize ubhontshisi we-castor unobuthi obuningi kangako, ukukhula ngezinhloso zokuhlobisa akuyona ingozi. Uma indlu ingenazingane ezincane, izinkukhu nezilwane, akufanele wesabe. Ukuba seduze kwesitshalo noma ukusithinta ngeke kulimaze. Kubalulekile ukuqapha inhlanzeko kuphela.
