Wonke umuntu uyazi ngezinzuzo zesipinashi futhi akaphiki leli qiniso. Kodwa-ke, naphezu kwalokhu, akayena isivakashi esivela emibhedeni yabalimi banamuhla. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi abaningi abazi kahle imithetho yokukhula nokunakekelwa isipinashi ensimini.
Futhi ngokungazi bakholelwa ukuthi le nqubo echitha isikhathi. Kulesi sihloko uzothola konke mayelana nokutshala imbewu yezipinashi ezweni noma engadini, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi udinga ukuwagcoba kusengaphambili, futhi ubone ukuthi lesi sitshalo sibonakala kanjani esithombeni.
Lapho ukutshala: entwasahlobo, ehlobo nasekwindla
Ngentwasahlobo, ngenxa yokugeleza kombala kanye nokuthambekela kokusheshisa okusheshayo, izinhlobo zokukhula ezinjenge-Godri, Virofle, Giant, Spokane zitshalwe.
Usizo! Futhi ukuhlwanyelwa kwentwasahlobo ngoMashi, izinhlobo ezivuthiwe zokuvuthwa Victoria zizofaneleka, ngoba isitshalo salolu hlobo luya kancane kancane.
Ukutshala ehlobo, ekupheleni kukaMeyi - ekuqaleni kukaJuni, iStoik noma iSturon e-spinach ehamba phambili. Kuhlobo lwehlobo, lezi zinhlobonhlobo zinika isivuno esikhulu.
Ngokutshala ekwindla ngasekupheleni kukaNovemba, izinhlobo ezifanele ezifana neZhirolistny, Korenta, Blyumselsky ngenxa yokuphikisa kwabo ku-tsvetushnosti.
Kumele uqaphele ukuxhaswa kwezimo ezihlukahlukene zeMatador, okungahlwanyelwa kusukela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ngoMashi ukuya ekwindla ngasekupheleni kukaNovemba. Iyanamathela emazingeni okushisa aphansi futhi ihamba kancane kancane kamuva.
Kukhona nezinhlobo ezikhulayo kuphela ngokusebenzisa izithombo noma imbewu.
Lapho izithombo ezikhulayo zisebenzisa izinhlobo ze-thermophilic zaseNew Zealand noma iMatador. Imbewu yezithombo ezihlwanyelwe ngoMashi noma ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli.
Imbewu ekhulayo esebenzisa izinhlobo zeVictoria, Giant, Matador noBerry. Zithandwa kakhulu. Lezi zinhlobo zingatshalwa unyaka wonke endaweni yokushisa. Emhlabathini ovulekile, lezi zinhlobonhlobo zihlwanyelwa kusukela ngoMashi kuya kuJuni. Ukuvunwa kwekwindla - maphakathi no-Agasti, ebusika - etshalwe ngoSepthemba noma ngo-Okthoba.
Lapho kungcono ukukwenza: emthunzini noma elangeni
Ngokuba ukutshala isipinashi kungcono kakhulu endaweni ekhanyisiwe lapho kungekho khona ukunqwaba kwamanzi. Okusho ukuthi kumele kutholakale ekuphakameni okuncane. Isici esikhethekile sipinashiki ukubekezelelana komthunzi. Kungasetshala ngokuvikelekile emthunzini noma endaweni ekhanyayo.
Amacwecwe amaLeaf azoba namandla, kodwa ahlale ethenda futhi ngeke kube khona intukuthelo kubo. Ukwenza isivuno sibonakale ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, isipinashi sesitshalo emathafeni aseNingizimu.ezivikelwe emoyeni obandayo. Uma yonke indawo isendaweni ephansi, ukuhlwanyela kwenziwa emibhedeni, ebiyelwe ngamabhodi.
Isici esikhethekile sipinashiki sihambisana neningi labakhileyo ensimini. Ngakho-ke, akudingeki ukuba ucabange mayelana nabandulela abakhulayo kusayithi. Kodwa lokho okumele ukwenze kunani lezinketho ezenziwe. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kunokwenziwe ngesitshalo esidlule, kungcono isipinashi. Isayithi lizohambisana naso sonke isiko semifino, ngaphandle kwama-beet.
Indlela yokulungisa inhlabathi?
Okuhle kakhulu nge-isipinashi kufanelana nenhlabathi engavumelekile yomhlabathi. Okusho ukuthi, inhlabathi ene-loamy noma enesihlabathi ene-asidi ephansi. Awukwazi ukutshala isitshalo emhlabathini we-limestone. Emhlabathini onjalo, ukukhula kwawo kuzoncipha. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe isakhiwo somhlabathi, kubalulekile ukuba uqale ukuletha umquba obolile.
Uma inhlabathi ihlangabezana nazo zonke izidingo zokutshala, lezi zinyathelo kufanele zithathwe.:
- Ukuwa ekwenzeni umanyolo we-phosphate-potassium enhlabathini.
- Engeza isigamu sezinga le-nitrogen umanyolo, nengxenye yesibili - entwasahlobo.
- Uma inhlabathi ibumpofu kakhulu, ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela ku-1 m2 yenza 5 g we-phosphorus, 7-9 g we-nitrogen no-10-12 g we-potassium.
Izinhlobo zokukhula kusayithi
Ngokuphathelene nokuvunwa, zonke izinhlobo zesipinashi zihlukaniswe zibe: ekuqaleni, phakathi nonyaka-nhlobo nezinhlobo zokuvuthwa ngasekupheleni. Izinhlobo ezinhle zokuvuna zakuqala zokutshala emhlabathini ovulekile:
- I-Virofle;
- UNkulunkulu;
- I-Marquis;
- I-Gigantic;
- I-Stoic.
Izinkathi eziphakathi nonyaka zendawo evulekile:
- Blumsdelsky;
- IMariska;
- I-Burly;
- Matador;
- Leafy.
Izinhlobo zokuvuthwa kwesikhashana zokulima emkhakheni ovulekile:
- I-Victoria;
- I-Korent;
- Spokane.
Isithombe
Khona-ke uzobona ukuthi lesi siko sibheka kanjani esithombeni:
Imbewu
Indlela yokukhetha nokucubungula imbewu, kudingekile ukuba unciphise?
Ngaphambi kokutshala, udinga ukukhetha imbewu ephezulu futhi uzilungiselele. Ukukhethwa kwembewu kwenziwa ngesandla. Khetha imbewu okungekho amaphutha. Okulandelayo, badinga ukungena emanzini afudumele. Imbewu yesipinashi igobolondo elinzima kakhulu, ngakho-ke idinga ukugoba amahora angu-24-48.
Imbewu izobe isilungele ukutshala uma le shell iyancishiswa ngamanzi. Udinga ukufaka isitsha sembewu ezindaweni ezifudumele bese uguqula amanzi njalo. Ngemuva kokuba imbewu ithambile, iphuma emanzini, imiswe kancane.
Okulandelayo, yenza ukungenwa kwe-disinfection ngekhambi le-manganese. Nciphisa imbewu ekhethiwe kwisisombululo se-1% se-manganese imizuzu engu-20. Emva kokugeza ngamanzi bese uqhubekela ngqo ekufikeni.
Indlela yokutshala?
Ukuze imbewu yokutshala emhlabathini ovulekile, yenza izenzo ezinjalo:
- Khipha inhlabathi bese uyibala.
- Uma uphuma emibhedeni, yakha imithi futhi uyivikele ngamabhodi.
- Yenza imigqa embhede wensimu, ugcine ibanga eliphakathi kuka-15-20 cm phakathi kwabo.
- Ibanga eliphakathi kwezitshalo kufanele libe lisuka ku-7 ukuya ku-10 cm.
- Ku-1 m2 sebenzisa ama-4-5 amagremu wembewu.
- Ungahlwanyeli izitshalo ngokukhululekile, lokhu kuzokwehlisa ukukhula kwabo.
- Ukuphoqa emibhedeni uthele amanzi afudumele.
- Spread imbewu zibe grooves.
- Vala imbewu ngenhlabathi.
- Kancane kancane kuhlanganise inhlabathi.
- Ukuze unciphise ukufudumala komswakama futhi unciphise ukubonakala kokhula, udinga ukufaka isikhwama semhlabathini ngotshani, amaqabunga owomile noma utshani.
Sikumema ukuba ubuke ividiyo ngendlela yokutshala imbewu yesipinashi:
Ingabe udinga ukuhluma kabusha ngemva kwesikhathi noma emva kokuvuna?
Ukuze uthole isivuno kulo lonke ihlobo noma esinye isikhathi eside, imbewu ingahlwanyelwa emva kwesikhashana. Yenza le mbewu emva kokuvuna.
Isithombo
Le nqubo iqala ngokukhuphula izithombo ngokwazo. Ikhulile ngeziqukathi ezihlukene kuze kuvele amahlumela okuqala. Okulandelayo, lungiselela izithombo zokutshala bese uyithumela ukuze uvule phansi. Lapho ulungiselela izithombo zokutshala kufanele uqaphele kakhulu, ngoba isipinashi sinesimiso sesiphakamiso esibuthakathaka kakhulu.
Bese uqhubeka enqubo yokutshala. Emiphakathini emibhedeni esakhiweni sithatha izithombo, zimbozwe umhlaba, zihlanganiswe futhi ziphuziswa ngamanzi afudumele.
Ukunakekela ekuqaleni
Ukunakekela isipinashi kuyilula. Iqukethe ekunciphiseni, ukuchelela kahle nokutshala ukudla okunomsoco.
Ukuthinta
Inqubo yokuqala kufanele yenziwe ngemuva kokuvela kwekhasi lesibini eliyiqiniso. Okulandelayo uma kuqina, ukucwiliswa kwenziwa ukuze izitshalo zithole inani elidingekayo le-oxygen.
Ukunisela
Kufanele kube njalo. Amalitha amathathu ketshezi adingekayo ngemitha. Lokhu kuphuza kufanele kwenziwe izikhathi ezingu-2-3 ngesonto. Lapho isimo sezulu esomile nesishisayo kuchitha ukuchelela okuningi.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Uma isitshalo sibonisa ukukhula okuncane, khona-ke umanyolo we-nitrogen kufanele usetshenziswe ngesikhathi sokunisela. I-Potash noma i-phosphate fertilizer ayikwazi ukusetshenziselwa ukugqoka okuphezulu.
Yiziphi izitshalo ezihle kakhulu?
Isipinashi sikwazi ukuthatha izimpande nganoma yisiphi isitshalo, kodwa best nge amazambane, utamatisi, ubhontshisi, radishes kanye kohlrabi.
Yini ongatshala ngaphambi nangemva?
Amaprosesa asepinashi angaba amazambane, ukhukhamba, utamatisi, pepper kanye ne-zucchini. Ukuze ugweme ukuchithwa kwenhlabathi, isipinashi sikhule endaweni eyodwa emva kokuphela kweminyaka engu-3-4. Emva isipinashi, yonke inhlabathi, ungatshala i-artichoke i-Jerusalem, i-rutabaga, isithombo noma isithombo, i-daikon, i-katran, i-turnip nanoma yiziphi ezinye izilimo eziyizifo eziyizigaxa noma izimpande.
Uthando lokuzama impilo yakho nezitsha zakho eziyizintandokazi, bese isipinashi iphelele kuwe. Isitshalo esingenakuzithoba, ngokulima nokunakekelwa okufanele, kuyoba ithuluzi elibalulekile ekudaleni ubuciko bokudla. Ngaphandle kwalokho isipinashi kuyosiza ukuqinisa umzimba ngezinto ezihlukahlukene ezizuzisayo.okugcinwa kuyo.
