Ama-beet asetshenziselwa ukupheka futhi asetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza, kodwa akubona wonke umuntu owazi ukuhlukanisa, isibonelo, ushukela ovela kwifolishi.
Kungani izinhlobo zefodder "zinikezwa" ezilwaneni, ushukela ubhiqizwa ushukela wezinyosi, futhi isithombo sebhitrudi esijwayelekile sihluke kanjani kwezinye izinhlobo ezidumile?
Ngezansi kulesi sihloko sizohlaziya ngokuningiliziwe umehluko phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo zezinyosi, ezizovela ngesimo setafula elilula.
Kwenzekani?
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu kuphela:
- Ejwayelekile (igumbi lokudlela).
- Aft.
- Ushukela.
- I-Beet evamile eyaziwa kubo bonke abanikazi bezindlu: kuvela kuye ukuthi ama-borschs apheka futhi apheka izitsha; ngakho igama - igumbi lokudlela. Izithelo zimhlophe futhi zibomvu, kodwa sibiza izinhlobonhlobo ze-beetroot zombala obomvu ojwayelekile. Ayikho indlela ecacile okuzokwazi ngayo ukuhlukanisa izinyosi ezijwayelekile ezivela kubangelwa yi-congeners.
Ngokuvame ukuhlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo eziningana:
- I-Vindifolia (uhlobo olulinganisiwe lwama-root enamandla amakhulu okutshala izitshalo, amaqabunga aluhlaza kanye nama-petioles, amabala omnyama okwedlulele).
- I-Rubrifolia (ezungeze, ezithambile, izithelo ezibomvu ezihlangene, ezibomvu zemibala ehlukile).
- I-Atrorubra (izimpande ezinemibala emnyama, amaqabunga aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka anemifino ebomvu eqoshiwe, obomvu noma obomvana, ama-petioles ahloniphekile).
- Isithombo sebhitrudi - isiko lobuchwepheshe eliqukethe ushukela ka-20%. Ama-beet ayishukela asetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa ushukela. Kusukela ezinsalela zidala ama-fertilizer kanye nama-black molasses adingekayo kubafakezi. Ingxenye iya emfuyweni yokudla. Izithelo ze-beet isithombo sebhitrudi ziluhlaza, zihlangene, futhi amaqabunga aluhlaza abushelelekile ahlelwe ngama-petioles ende. Ikhula, ingabonakali iphuzu le-fetus elivela emhlabathini.
- I-beet yefolda - okuhloswe ngezinhlobo zezinhlobo zezinhlobo zokudla kwezilwane. Ithole igama ngenxa yezindawo zayo ezimbi. Izinkukhu zezinyosi zidideka kalula ekamelweni lokudlela, kodwa kunezici eziningi ezihlukile. Isibonelo, isondlo ihlale ijikeleze noma i-oval, ne-hues ebomvu noma e-orange. Ingaba ama-kilogram ayizinkulungwane eziyishumi nesisindo ngesisindo, futhi ngaphezu komhlabathi ngokukhula, phezulu kwesithelo kubonakala.
Isithombe
Lapha esithombeni ungabona ushukela ohlukile, ovamile kanye nefolda beet:
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwezinhlobo?
| Imilinganiselo yokuqhathanisa | Aft | Plain (igumbi lokudlela) | Ushukela |
| Ukubukeka |
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| Ukwenziwa kwamakhemikhali |
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| Izidingo zomhlaba | Kuvuthiwe. Uma inhlabathi ingampofu, isicelo sokufaka umanyolo kanye nomanyolo kuyimpoqo. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi ngaphambili kusayithi lokuhlwanyela i-beet ummbila okhulile nemifino, imifino, okusanhlamvu. I-Chernozem, i-alkaline kanye nenhlabathi encane ye-alkali yamukelwa. | Ukuba khona kwenhlabathi evundile nevundile. Umhlabathi omnyama we-Loamy nama-peatlands aphelele kulolu hlobo. Ubuningi be-acidity bubaluleke kakhulu (akumele kube yi-neutral noma bu-alkali kancane). Awukwazi ukuhlwanyela imbewu ye-beet emibhedeni, eyenziwe umquba omusha. | Umoya nomswakama kufanele udlule kalula emhlabathini wezinyosi ze-sugar beet. Inhlabathi, egcina amanzi ngamamitha angama-0.6-0.8, iyokwenza kube lula ukulima futhi yenza kube lula kakhulu, nekhwalithi ye-beetroot. Imhlabathi efana ne-chernozem, i-peatlands ne-sierozems izohambisana. Kunconywa ukuthi ibhali lebusika kanye nokolweni kufanele kukhule endaweni yokuhlwanyela ngaphambi kokushukela isithombo sebhitrudi. |
| Ukuthela | Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, isivuno singathola izithelo eziyizinkulungwane eziyishumi nambili noma eziyishumi nanye ngehektare ngalinye (amathani angu-30-60). Izinhlobonhlobo ezivelele ngokukhethekile:
| Amathani angamashumi amane namashumi ayisihlanu ehektheleni afika ku-beet enakekelwa kahle. Izinhlobo ezihamba phambili:
| Ukuzikhethela kuphakathi kwezinhlobo eziphezulu zokukhiqiza noma ushukela, kodwa akukho ukuxhomeka okunzima phakathi kwazo (cishe amathani angu-18-30 ngehektha ngalinye). Isivuno esingcono kakhulu sabonakala ezinhlobonhlobo:
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| Isihlwanyelo sokulima | I-beet yefolishi - isilwane semvelo. Ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwamaprotheni aphakeme, yilowo oya kulondla izilwane. Ikhwalithi yobisi lithela ukwanda. | Ababelethi bebelokhu behlukumezeka ukuthola ukunambitheka okumnandi nokumnandi kwezinyosi. Isithombo sebhitrudi setafula sakhiwe ngokukhethekile futhi sakhula etafuleni lomuntu. It has ukunambitheka kunazo zonke. | I-beet ishukela iyasetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizeni ushukela kanye ne-black molasses confectionery. Yisisetshenziswa esiyinhloko eRussia okuvela kuso ushukela. |
| Isikhathi semifino | Ngokwesilinganiso, isikhathi sokutshala isithombo sebhitrudi sezintambo sinezinyanga ezingu-4-5. Iqhakaza ngamahlumela aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, afaka izimbali ezincane kuya kweziyisithupha. | Isikhathi sokukhula kwezinhlobo zokuvuthwa zakuqala izinyanga ezingu-2-3; Izinyanga eziphakathi nonyaka zivuthwe izinyanga ezingu-3-4, kanti izinhlobo zesikhathi sekwephuzile zinenkathi ekhulayo ngaphezu kwezinsuku eziyikhulu (isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga ezintathu noma ezine). | I-sapling iba yisithelo esithwala imifino ezinyangeni ezingu-5-6. Ku-inflorescence ngayinye (whorl) 2-6 izimbali ezincane eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. |
| Ukunakekelwa nobuchwepheshe obandayo | Ukukhululeka kwenhlabathi kwenziwa ngemuva kwemvula, izinsuku ezimbalwa emva kokutshala. Uma nje izintambo ze-beet zingavali, ukulawulwa kokhula kwenziwa: sidinga ukukhula ukhula izikhathi eziningana ngesikhathi sokukhula. Inyanga ngaphambi kokumba ama-beet, kufanelekile ukuqeda ukuchelela ngokuphelele. Lapho izimvula ezinkulu phakathi kwemibhede zidala izikhala ukuze ziguqule amanzi. Ukuze uvikele izilokazane usebenzisa ama-fertilizer amaminerali, futhi ngaphambi kokutshala ama-beet enhlabathini yenza nitroammofosku. | Esikhathini sokuqala sokukhula, udinga ukondla amahlumela nge nitrogen, bese ushintshela kumakhemikhali e-potash (ukhuni lomlotha). Ama-beet athande umswakama futhi adinga ukuchelela njalo, kodwa kubalulekile ukugwema ukugqithisa. Lapho amahlumela enza ifomu lesibini, kubalulekile ukuqala ukukhulula inhlabathi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izithombo zingahle zibe mncane. I-thinning yesibili inconywa ngo-Julayi, ishiya amasentimitha ayishumi phakathi kwamahlumela. | Ngenkathi izithombo zivela futhi zikhula, zenza imibala emibili elandelanayo (ngamamentimitha amahlanu noma ayisithupha kuqala kanye neshumi neshumi kuya kweshumi nesishiyagalolunye yesibili). Ngemuva kokuhlwanyela masinyane kudinga ukuthululela izinyosi eziningi. Okuhle kunawo wonke ama-beet ashukela aboniswayo, ukufafaza okuphelele. Akufanele sikhohlwe mayelana nokweqa. Ukuvikela izinyosi ezivela ezinambuzane, ngenkathi yokukhula, i-fitosporin "fungicide" ne-inteksitsid "Fitoverm" isetshenziselwa ngokuhlukile. |
Ngokuningiliziwe ngezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ezivuthiwe ze-fodder beet I-Ekkendorfskaya yellow zifundwa esihlokweni esihlukile.
Ungakhetha kanjani?
Ukukhethwa kohlobo lwemifino kuncike enjongweni yesicelo sakho.
Uma ama-beet azosetshenziselwa ukupheka, kufanele ukhethe izinyosi. Ukunambitheka okuvelele kanye ne-tender pulp kuzokwenza noma iyiphi i-tastier dish futhi imnandi kakhulu. Ngenxa yesithombo sebhitrudi obomvu, kutholakala ama-borsch amahle kakhulu, ama-saladi akhiwe kusuka emaqabunga awo. Izinzuzo zokuvikela ngezinsimbi ezisindayo zingahlukaniswa nezakhiwo eziwusizo, zisusa i-cholesterol futhi ziyasiza ukuvimbela izifo zamathumbu. I-Beetroot yiyona ndlela engcono kakhulu yebhethri yokupheka.
Ama-beet ashukela angadliwa; labo bantu abathandayo ukudla okunomsoco nezitsha badinga esikhundleni sokudla. Isithombo sebhitrudi se-Sugar sinempahla eminingi ewusizo:
- kuthuthukisa imetabolism (ikhuthaza ukulahlekelwa isisindo, naphezu kokuqukethwe ushukela ophezulu);
- ukuhlanza nokuvuselela umzimba;
- ithuthukisa ukusebenza kwegciwane le-thyroid;
- Inemiphumela elwa nokuvuvukala kanye ne-prophylactic.
Isithombo sebhitrudi - Isitolo sokugcina izakhi namavithamini.
Izinkukhu zezinyosi azifaneleki kubantu, kodwa zifanele izilwane. Ungakwazi ukufeza impumelelo enkulu ubisi, uma ukondla isithombo sebhitrudi yezinkomo. Ibuye isebenze njengomthombo wamavithamini namaminerali ebusika. I-beet yefowuni iyisici somsebenzi wabalimi (kwakungenxa yoshukela yakhe etholakala).
I-beet yefowuni yindlela engcono kakhulu yokudla izilwane ukuthola okuningi ngobisi kanye nemfuyo yezempilo (ungafunda mayelana nokuqakatheka kokusebenzisa i-fodder beet nezilwane lapha).
Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwefolda isithombo sebhitrudi kanye nesobho sebhitrudi evamile:
- ubukhulu (ifolda ngokuvamile ikhulu);
- isikhundla emhlabathini (feed "peeps");
- iziqongo (likhulu kakhulu futhi likhulu kakhulu ekufakeni ifolishi);
- injongo (ukondla okukhulekele izilwane, isitsha samantombazane kanye noshukela kungadliwa);
- ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali (iqukethe amaprotheni angaphezu kwesishiyagalombili);
- ukunambitheka (ukuthanda kakhulu);
- umumo wesisu (ezihlukahlukene zamafomu. Ngokungafani ne-beet, kulula ukuyibona).
