Izimbangela zezinkinga ngezaqathe - kungani iqabunga liwela engadini, futhi likhula kabi. Izindlela zokulwa

Nakuba izaqathe zibhekwa njengesitshalo esingenakuzithoba, lapho uhlakulela, uma ungahambisani nemithetho ethile, ungase ubhekane nezinkinga zokunciphisa ikhwalithi yesitshalo, ukulimala kwezifo noma izinambuzane, ngisho nokufa.

Uma wazi izimbangela zenkinga ethize, futhi wazi ukuthi ungayibhekana kanjani nakho, ungaphatha ukulungisa isimo futhi ekupheleni kwenkathi ehlobo uthole isivuno esikhulu seqathi.

Uzofunda ukuthi yini okufanele uyenze uma isanqante ivinjiwe, kungani ijika, iziqongo ziphuzi, nezinye izinkinga ziphakama. Qonda ukuthi yini ebangela izinkinga ezinjalo.

Izizathu zokuthi kungani kuphakama izinkinga, ukuthi yini okufanele ukwenze nokuthi ungayisingatha kanjani?

Phambuka phezu kombhede / ukuwa

• Uma iziqongo zesitshalo zimnyama, zoma futhi ziwa, kungenzeka kwakukhona ukufika okukhulu kakhuluikakhulukazi uma kuhambisana nemvula enamandla. Ukulungisa lesi simo, izitshalo zingelashwa ne-Oxyhom, i-powder fungicidal esekelwe nge-oxychloride yethusi ne-oxadisyl.

  Isetshenziselwa isimo sezulu esomile, esingenamoya ekuseni noma kusihlwa - 20-30 g we powder ixubene ne-10 l amanzi futhi izitshalo zifakwe.

• Futhi kubangele ukuwa kweqathethi kungaba ukuhlasela kwezimpukane, eqala ukubeka izibungu zalo emhlabathini entwasahlobo. Njengenye yezindlela zomzabalazo ezisetshenziselwa ukutshala eduze ne-anyanisi e-karoti, iphunga elivimbela le fly.

  Uma isanqante sesivele ihlaselwe yi-fly, ungenza ingxube yomlotha kanye nogwayi, futhi ufafaze nge-powder noma pepper obomvu phakathi kwemigqa. Futhi izinambuzane ezifanelekayo nezimboni, phakathi kwazo "Aktellik", "Intavir", "Zemlin", "Basudin" nabanye.

Uma lesi sitshalo siphenduka

Amahlumela

Ukuhlolwa kokuqala kwemibhede nge izaqathe kufanele kwenzeke ngokushesha nje lapho amaqabunga 3-4 avela emahlumela okuqala. Kakade kulo mzuzu ungabona uma kunezinkinga nezitshalo.

Amahlamvu

Ukwehla kweziqongo zesitshalo esitshalwe kakade kungaqala futhi. Njengomthetho, izimbangela ze-yellowing zezithombo neziqongqo zifana:

1. Isimo sezulu esomile noma amaqhwa ebusuku - ngoba akunakwenzeka ukubikezela izimo zezulu, izaqathe kufanele zitshalwe ezinyathelweni eziningana.
2. Ukuchelela ngokweqile noma okunganele - ngaphambi kokuvela kwamaqothu amahlumela okuqala adinga ukuphuziswa kaningi eminyanisweni encane. Lapho izimpande ziqala ukukhula, udinga ukuphuza kancane, kodwa ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi kuzoba ngaphezulu.

   Kubalulekile ukugxila esimweni somhlabathi - inhlabathi yobumba iyancipha kancane kancane, isihlabathi siningi kaningi.

   Ukunisela kufanele kwenziwe ngokunisela ngamanzi ahlukanisiwe, njengoba izimpande, ikakhulukazi eshisayo, zinganaki amanzi abandayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yamanzi abandayo, ukufa okuyingxenye yezimpande kwenzeka. Futhi kuyadingeka ukuchelela emva kokuqothula.
3. Ukudla ngokweqile noma okunganele - izaqathe zidinga ukudla izikhathi ezingu-3-4 ngezikhathi ezithile.
   • Okokuqala umanyolo usetshenziswa cishe izinsuku ezingu-20 emva kokuvela kwamahlumela (uma kukhona amaqabunga amathathu weqiniso) noma emva kokuqothula kokuqala.

     Enye yezinketho zokudla ingaba iresiphi elandelayo - ku-1 litre lamanzi, uvuselele 1 tsp. urea, 1 tsp. I-Kalimagnezii ne-hood ye-1-2 tbsp. l i-superphosphate (i-hood ilungiswa ngosuku ngaphambi kokudla - i-superphosphate ithululelwa ku-litre lamanzi ashisayo, ivuselelwe ihora, ivikelwe futhi isithwathwa esiphezulu sithathwa).

   • Amaviki amathathu emva kokudla kokuqala (uma amaqabunga eqiniso angama-5-7 asetshenziselwe izitshalo) ukudla okwesibili kufanele kwenziwe ngosizo lomanyolo obunzima - nitrophoska, nitroammofoska izokwenza.
   • Ukugqoka okwesithathu kwenziwa esiteji sokukhula okukhulayo kwezitshalo zezimpande. Okuthandayo kumele kunikezwe kumanyolo ophilayo - isibonelo, umlotha owomile noma ukumnika umlotha (2 izinkomishi zomlotha ziphikelela ema-1-2 amalitha amanzi abilayo izinsuku ezimbili, bese uletha isisombululo esiholela emthamo wamalitha ayi-10). Imibhede yangaphambi kokuba iphuze ngokweqile, umanyolo wengeziwe endaweni futhi ukhululiwe kancane.
   • Futhi, amaviki amabili ngaphambi kokuvuna, kungenzeka ukuba wenze ukudla okugcina ngosizo lokukhipha umlotha noma i-potassium sulphate isisombululo (ukusetshenziswa kwe-tbsp 2 ye-umanyolo ngamanzi angu-10 l).
4. Okukhethiwe okukhethiwe kwezanqanteokuyinto engafanele ukulima endaweni ethile yendawo yezulu - ukhetho kufanele lunikezwe ezinhlobonhlobo zezinqathe, futhi ufunde ngokucophelela izici ezithile ezihlukahlukene.
5. Ukukhula kokhula. Ukhula linciphisa indawo yokukhula kwezitshalo.
6. Imbewu ethintekile - ukukhipha imishanguzo ngemithi, kufanele ifuthe ngaphambi kokutshala ekushiseni kwama-40 ° C okungenani imizuzu engama-30. Kungabuye iphathwe nesisombululo se-potassium permanganate.
7. Inhlabathi engcolisiwe - Izaqathe azikwazi ukutshala emibhedeni efanayo lapho u-anyanisi noma ama-cabbages ekhula khona ngonyaka odlule, ngoba lezi zitshalo zinesisulu nezifo ezifanayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izaqathe zingatshala endaweni eyodwa kuphela ngemva kweminyaka engu-3-4.
8. Izifo nezinambuzane - isanqante ihamba, ihlaya kanye ne-lisobloshki ngokuvamile iyimbangela yezinhlayiya ze-yellowing ne-wilting. Izinambuzane ziqoqa izimpande futhi zondla ijusijusi ijusi. Ukulawula izinambuzane ezifanelekile njengezindlela zomuntu (ukumnika isikhumba se-anyanisi, ukwelashwa ngomlotha nogwayi noma uphethi obomvu), kanye nezinambuzane.

Ngaphakathi komgcobo omhlophe noma ophuzi, hhayi u-orange

• Isizathu salesi senzakalo singase sibe nitrogen ngokweqile ngokungabikho kwe-potassium ne-phosphorus. Kubalulekile ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwama-fertilizer aqukethe i-nitrogen, futhi ukwandise ukondla nge-potash-phosphate fertilizer kanye nomlotha.
• Ngaphezu kwalokho, isizathu singase silale emvelweni wezinga eliphezulu kakhulu. Kulesi simo, kufanelekile ukushintsha indawo yokuthenga imbewu.

Amahlumela amnyama akhiwa

Lokhu kungumphumela wokutshala okunamandla kakhulu, ngakho-ke, ukuze ugweme amahlumela amnyama kakhulu, inqubo encane kufanele inganakwa. Futhi kudingekile ukuba uqale ukwenza ucwecwe ngokufika kwamaqabunga amabili okuqala.

Ungase futhi esiteji sokutshala izaqathe usebenzisa enye yezindlela ezilandelayo:

• imbewu yokutshala kumateyipu (lapho imbewu kakade ibanjwe khona ibanga elingama 4-5 cm komunye nomunye);
• hlanganisa imbewu nesihlabathi;
• Thenga isitshalo esikhethekile;
• sebenzisa uphawu (ipulangwe lezinkuni elinamazinyo afakwe eceleni, okusho ukuthi, uma ucindezela imibhede, shiya ama-grooves for the seed).

Iqhekeka emhlabathini

• Ukunisela okungavamile kungaholela ekuqhekekeni izaqathe. Ngokuvamile abalimi abanethuba lokunakekela insimu kuphela ngezimpelasonto, zama ukuphuza imibhede eyomile isonto ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngenxa yalokho, ingcindezi eyengeziwe idalwe emhlabathini - izimpande azimi. Izikhukhula ezivuthayo nazo zivame ukubangela ukuqhekeka izaqathe.
• I-surplus yamaminerali ayenayo i-nitrogenous ehlobo kungabangela nokuqhekeka kwemifino yezimpande. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi i-nitrogen iyadingeka yizitshalo ekuqaleni kwesigaba sokukhula, bese isitshalo sidinga i-potassium ne-phosphorus.
• Kungenzeka lokho izaqathe zilungele ukuvunwa futhi ziqale ngaphezu - Ungalibali isikhathi sokuvuna.

Akunamnandi futhi awunamanzi

• Njengomthetho izinhlobo zephuzile ube nobumnandi obuncane nojuiciness. Ngakho-ke, uma ufuna ukudla izaqathe ezinomsoco namanzi, kufanele ukhethe izinhlobo zakuqala.
• Ukunisela okunganele kungase kube esinye isizathu sokonakala kokunambitha kwamaqathe.
• I-nitrogen eyengeziwe kanye ne-potassium, i-phosphorus ne-boron ukuntula kungaholela ekunciphiseni ushukela ezinqathe. Ukugcwalisa ukuntuleka kwe-macro-microelements, kanye nokufaka umanyolo nge-manganese sulphate kungasiza ekukhuliseni izinga lika-carotene noshukela.

I-curly / iphihliwe / iphikisiwe

• Ngokuvamile ngokunembile izinambuzane (leaflet, isanqante fly noma aphid) banecala lokuthi izaqathe zaqala spin.
• Nokho, izitshalo kungenzeka ukuthi ayinakho i-potassium noma i-magnesium (kulokhu, amaqabunga ama-curl ngoJune futhi abe nombala ohlaza). Ukulungisa lesi simo, ungakwazi ukufuthola ukumnika ukuphakama komlotha.

I-carrot yakhula kabi: i-horned, i-clumsy noma inwele

• Ngokuvamile inhlabathi engakalungi (amatshe kanye namatshe enhlabathini) kuholela ekuthuthukiseni izimpande zezitshalo.
• Ukuchelela ngokweqile noma okunganele (ngenxa yesomiso, izaqathe zikhulula izimpande ezengeziwe ezincane ekufuneni umswakama).
• Ukudla okungalungile (izaqathe azithandi umquba omusha, kanye ne-potassium chloride nosawoti we-potassium) futhi ziholela ekuvundeni kwezinqathe.

Sikunikeza ukuthi ubuke ividiyo mayelana nokuthi kungani izaqathe zingakhula kabi:

Kancane kakhulu

Izimbangela zezaqathe ezincane zingaba:

1. Isimo sezulu esishisayo.
2. Izici zezinhlobonhlobo - ekuchazweni kwezihlukahlukene ezihlukahlukene ubukhulu bezilimo ezimpande ezivuthiwe kubhaliwe. Ama-carrots aphakathi nawo kufanele akhethwe.
3. Ukuntuleka kwelanga - izaqathe zitshalo ezinothando kakhulu, ngakho kufanele zitshalwe ezindaweni ezihlala zikhanya.
4. Umhlabathi omuncu:
   • Okokuqala, inhlabathi e-acidizi inomthelela ekukhuleni komsebenzi wokubulala izinambuzane nokusabalalisa kwezifo;
   • okwesibili, kungabangela imifino emincane yezimpande.

   Ukuze kusetshenziswe umhlabathi, izindlela eziningana zifanelekile - ukusetshenziswa komlotha, ufulawa wama dolomite, isikhokhelo esichotshoziwe ngokucophelela, i-hydrated lime noma umquba ohlaza.

   Indlela ngayinye inezici zayo - isibonelo, Ufulawa waseDololite wandisa umhlaba nge magnesium, calcium nezinye izingxenye eziwusizo.ngenkathi ngesikhathi esisodwa kusuka endaweni yokubuka imvelo kuphephile ngokuphelele. I-Ash isebenza kangcono ngokubambisana nezinye izidakamizwa, ngoba yona yodwa ayifuni imali yokulahlekelwa kwe-calcium.

Yini okufanele uyenze ukuze ugweme isivuno esibi?

Nakuba uhlu lwezinkinga ezivela enkampanini yokukhula izaqathe ziningi kakhulu, izindlela zokubhekana nazo zifana ngokufanayo:

• ukukhetha okuhle kwezanqante izinhlobo;
• ukulungiselela imbewu kanye nomhlabathi wokutshala;
• ukuhambisana nemithetho yokujikeleza kwezitshalo;
• ukufaka umanyolo wenhlabathi kokubili esiteji sokulungiselela ukutshala izaqathe, kanye nokwethulwa okuqhubekayo kwezigqoko eziphezulu ezindaweni ezihlukene zokukhula kwezitshalo zempande;
• ukuchelela okulungile;
• ukucwenga okufika ngesikhathi nokulawula ukhula;
• ukuvimbela izinambuzane kanye nokulawulwa kwezifo esiteji sokulungiselela inhlabathi, kanye nokusetshenziswa okwesikhashana kwezinambuzane (kokubili abantu kanye nezimboni) uma kwenzeka ukungcola kwezitshalo;
• ukuvunwa ngesikhathi.

Ama-karoti abhekwa njengesiko elingenakuzithoba, noma kunjalo, kunezici eziningi okumele zicatshangelwe uma zikhula. Ukuqapha okwesikhashana isimo semifino kanye nezitshalo ezihlwanyelayo ezimpande kungasiza ukulungisa ngokushesha izinkinga ezivele zithathe izinyathelo zokuzixazulula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinyathelo zokuvimbela zibalulekile ekuvuneni okuphezulu, okuzosiza ekugwemeni izinkinga esikhathini esizayo.