Ubuhle obumnyama buvela e-Ukraine - incazelo yamazambane ezihlukahlukene "iDarkie"

I-Smuglyanka ingenye yezinhlobonhlobo ezithakazelisayo zamazambane zokuzalanisa kwe-Ukraine, okusheshayo ukuthola ukuthandwa phakathi kwabalimi bebhizinisi kanye nabalimi bezinsizi.

Izilimo eziyizigaxa ezimnyama azigcini nje ezihlwabusayo, kodwa futhi ziwusizo kakhulu, zicebile amavithamini kanye nezici zokulandelela eziwusizo.

Kulesi sihloko uzothola incazelo eningiliziwe yezinhlobonhlobo, uzozijwayela izici zalo kanye nezici ezikhethekile zokulima, thola ukuthi iziphi izifo ezitholakalayo.

Umsuka

I-Potato Smuglyanka yahlushwa abakhiqizi base-Ukraine, umsunguli-esifundazweni sase-NAU Sumy. Mhlawumbe ukhula kunoma yisiphi isifunda esinesimo sezulu esifudumele noma esishisayo.

Ukutshala okuphakanyisiwe ezimweni zezimboni, amazambane azitshala ngokuzithandela emapulazini ahlukene kanye namapulazi.

Ngokungafani nezinhlobo eziningi eziluhlaza, iSmuglyanka inenzalo kakhulu, isabela kumanyolo. Kuhle, ngisho nezilimo eziyizigaxa kufanele zithengiswe noma zisetshenziswe ezindaweni zokudlela.

Amazambane "Smuglyanka": incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo nezithombe

Indwangu yeDarkie - ezihlukahlukene eziphakathi kwetafula eliphakathi. Ukukhiqizwa kuphezulu, ngokunakekelwa kahle nezimo ezimoya zezulu ezivela ehektheleni elilodwa ungakwazi ukuqoqa kuze kube ngu-480.

Ukuze uqhathanise isivuno nokugcina izinga lezinhlobonhlobo nabanye, ungasebenzisa ithebula elingezansi:

Izihlahla zokuphakama okuphakathi, uhlobo oluphakathi, oluqondile. Ukwakhiwa kwamagatsha kanye nokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kufanelana. Amahlamvu aphakathi, ahlaza okomnyama, anezingqimba ezincane. Izimbali ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ziqoqwe ku-corolla ye-compact.

Amajikijolo ajwayelekile ukuboshwa futhi awe ngokushesha. Uhlelo lwempande luyathuthuka kahle, amazambane ama-10-12 amakhulu akhiwa ngaphansi kwesihlahla ngasinye.. Inani lempahla yokuphila ayibalulekile.

Ukutshala izinga lokunakekelwa. Amazambane atshalwe enhlabathini egcwele ukufudumala, izilimo eziyizigaxa zibekwa kude no-30 cm komunye nomunye. Kule nkathi, amahlumela ama-2-3 ama-curl, kunconywa ukuthi kusetshenziselwa ukuchelela kanye nokugqoka okukodwa.

Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi ungadla kanjani amazambane, nini futhi kanjani ukusebenzisa umanyolo, ukuthi ungayenza kanjani kahle uma utshalwa, funda ezihlokweni zewebsite yethu.

Imbewu yezinhlamvu ayihlaziyi isikhathi eside, udinga ukukhetha amazambane amakhulu, angahlanjululwa ngokuhlwanyela nezici ze-varietal ezicacisiwe.

Amandla nobuthakathaka

Phakathi kwezinzuzo eziyinhloko ezihlukahlukene:

• ukunambitheka kakhulu kwezimpande izitshalo;
• ukuvuthwa okusheshayo;
• isivuno esihle;
• ukumelana nomonakalo okwenziwa ngomshini;
• ukuvikeleka kwezifo ezinkulu;
• izinga elihle lokugcina;
• izimfanelo ezinhle kakhulu zezohwebo zezilimo eziyizigaxa; Imbewu yezinto ezincane ayinakwenzeka ekudleni;
• ukumelana nokungezwani kwesimo sezulu;
• ukungathobeki.

Ukungahleleki kwezinhlobonhlobo kungacatshangwa ukuthi ukuhlaselwa yizinambuzane. Amazambane anesisindo sokudla okunomsoco wenhlabathi, lapho kuhlwempu ukuvuna isivuno sinciphile kakhulu.

Izici

• Izilimo eziyizigaxa zinkulu, zilinganisa kusuka ku-100 kuya ku-150 g;
• umumo ojikelezayo oval;
• Izilimo eziyizigaxa zisho, zihlanzekile, ngaphandle kwama-knolls nama-potholes;
• ubheke ubumnyama obuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngendwangu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, enemibala efanayo, enemibala emincane, epholile;
• Amehlo ayingqayizivele, angajulile, ambalwa;
• i-pulp ekunqunywe imhlophe noma ukhilimu;
• okuqukethwe okunamathemikhali, kusukela ku-16 ukuya kuma-20%;
• okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwamaprotheni, amavithamini, amino acid ayigugu.

Amazambane ane ukunambitheka okuhle kakhulu: okukhanyayo, ocebile, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ngobumnene. Izilimo eziyizigaxa azomile futhi zingabi ngamanzi, emva kokupheka, ziba yizicucu futhi ziqhekeke ngokoqobo emlonyeni.

Uma amazambane osika futhi abilayo angabi mnyama, kuyilapho egcina umbala omuhle ukhilimu. Izilimo eziyizigaxa zingabiliswa, ziphekwe, ziphekwe, zenza imishini yomoya. Ukuze ulungise amathanga, amafries aseFrance awafanelekile.

Etafuleni elingezansi ungabona okuqukethwe komthamo wezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukene:

Ungabona izithelo zamazambane "Smuglyanka" esithombeni:

Izici zokukhula

Ukutshala ukhethe amazambane amakhulu ngokwanele ngezimpawu ezibizwa ngokuthi yi-varietal. Ukukhethwa okunjalo kuqinisekisa ukuvunwa okuphezulu, lezi zilimo eziyizigaxa ziyokhanya futhi zikhulu. Kunconywa ukubhala amahlathi afanelekayo okuyizinhlamvu zembewu ngisho nangesikhathi sokulima, bese ugcina amazambane amaqanda aqoqwe ngokwehlukana.

Izilimo eziyizigaxa ziyi-pickled, ezicubungulwa yi-stimulator yokukhula, eyomile. Lokhu kulandelwa ukuhluma ekukhanyeni noma ku-sawdust emanzi. Ukusika izilimo eziyizigaxa ngaphambi kokutshala akukhuthazwa.

Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zeDarkie zikhetha inhlabathi elula esekelwe eshlabathini noma emhlabathini omnyama. Umhlabathi kufanele ukhululeke ngokucophelela, ukhethe kuzo izinsalela zezitshalo nezinye iziqu ezingaphandle. Kungcono ukuhlwanyela amazambane emasimini athatha izitshalo, izaqathe, iklabishi, isithombo. Lots ushintsho njalo eminyakeni 2-3. Inqubo enjalo iyilungelo lokuvimbela izinambuzane ezinambuzane, izifo nokuguqulwa kwezilimo eziyizigaxa.

Izilimo eziyizigaxa zingcono kakhulu ezitshalwe emithonjeni, etholakala kude no-30-35 cm komunye nomunye. Ukujula - ayikho ngaphezu kuka-10 cm, ama-aisles afunekayo. Umlotha okhuni noma u-humus usakazeka emigodini. Ngenkathi yokutshala udinga ukusakaza izikhathi ezingu-1-2ekwakheni ama-crest of bushs. Kunconywa ukusila ngokuphindaphindiwe noma ukuhlanganiswa ngotshani.

Ehlobo elomile, amazambane adinga ukuphuziswa, ukuvuza amanzi noma ukufafaza kunconywa. Ukwandisa isivuno kuzokusiza ukwethulwa kwezakhiwo ezimbiwe zamaminerali noma izinto eziphilayo.

Kubalulekile: Ukuhlwanyela ukutshala akufanele kube ngaphezu kwezikhathi ezimbili, ukugqokisa okuphezulu ngokweqile kuzobangela ukuqoqwa kwe-nitrate ezimpandeni.

Ukuvunwa kumisiwe emngceleni noma ngaphansi komcibisholo, uhlelwe, bese ususwe ukugcina. Izilimo eziyizigaxa ezihloswe ukudayiswa zingafakwa ngqo emkhakheni.

Esizeni sethu uzothola ulwazi oluningi oluwusizo mayelana nokugcinwa kwamazambane: isikhathi, izinga lokushisa, izinkinga ezikhona. Futhi nokuthi ungagcina kanjani izimpande ebusika, emgodini, ezitsheni, esiqandisini, ngesimo ehlutshiwe.

Izifo nezinambuzane

Izinhlobonhlobo ziphikisana nezifo eziningi ze-Solanaceae: umdlavuza wamazambane, i-nematode ye-cyst-forming yegolide, i-scab ejwayelekile, ama-virus ahlukahlukene: i-Fusarium, i-Alternaria, i-Verticillus.

Ngaphansi kwezimo ezimbi, kungenzeka ukuthi i-phytophtorosis ingenwa yizilimo eziyizigaxa noma amaqabunga. Ukuze kuvikelwe ukulimala okwesikhashana, ukutshala kuhlanzwa ngokucophelela ngamalungiselelo anethusi. Kusukela ku-root root noma ku-blackleg, izihlahla ziyosindiswa ngokuxubha inhlabathi ngotshani obunamanzi.

Njengeminye imikhiqizo emnyama, i-Smuglyanka iheha izinambuzane. Ukufika kwezilwane kusongelwa yizimbali zaseColorado, ama-wireworms naseMedvedki. Ukupompa ngezikhathi ezithile ngezinambuzane, ukutshengisa phambili inhlabathi nezilimo eziyizigaxa ngaphambi kokutshala usizo.

Ekulweni ne-Colorado mbatata beetle kuzosiza amakhemikhali: Aktara, Corado, Regent, Commander, Prestige, Lightning, Tanrek, Apache, Taboo.

Lapho ukhula amazambane, amakhemikhali engeziwe athandiswa kakhulu ukuthuthukisa izitshalo noma ukulawula izinambuzane.

Funda konke mayelana nezinzuzo nezingozi ze-fungicides, ukhula lwe-herbicide nezinambuzane ezihlokweni eziwusizo kusayithi lethu.

Amazambane "Darkie" - ezincane, kodwa ezihlukahlukene kakhulu, okubhekwa njengenkanyezi ukhetho Ukraine. Kungaphambi komncintiswano ngokuvumelana nesithelo, ukunambitheka, ukumelana nezifo, izinga lokuhweba kwezilimo eziyizigaxa. Amazambane angatshalwa emasimini asezimbonini noma emasimini abo, kungukuthi yonke indawo.

Kunezindlela eziningi zokutshala amazambane - kusuka ejwayelekile kuya kokungavamile kakhulu. Sizifaka ezihlokweni zakho zokucabangela ngobuchwepheshe beDashi, indlela yokukhulisa amazambane kusuka enzalweni, ngaphansi komshini, emasakeni nasemiphongolweni, emabhokisini noma emabhokisini ngaphandle kwesisekelo.

Siphinde sinikele nezinye izinhlobo zamazambane ngezimiso zokuvuthwa ezahlukene: