Izimpawu zezithombo zamazambane "Romano", incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo nezithombe

I-Romano - okuphakathi okuphakama okuphezulu okunikezela amazambane. Ezinkulu, ngisho nezilimo eziyizigaxa zilungele ukudayiswa, amazambane anganconywa ukulima emapulazini nasezimbonini zezimboni.

Amazambane agcinwe kahle futhi athuthwe., isikhumba esinyene sivikela inyama ekulimaleni.

Lesi sihloko sibonisa zonke izici eziyinhloko zamazambane "i-Romano" kanye nencazelo yezihlukahlukene, kuyothakazelisa ukufunda ngemvelaphi yesitshalo sesitshalo kanye nezici zokulima.

Amazambane amaRomano: incazelo ehlukahlukene, isithombe

Izinhlobonhlobo "Romano" zihambisana nencazelo elandelayo:

• izilimo eziyizigaxa zesayizi obuphakathi, isisindo esisuka ku-70 kuya ku-90 g;
• isimo se-oval noma se-round-oval;
• Izilimo eziyizigaxa zibushelelezi ngisho, zihambisana nosayizi nesisindo;
• i-peel i-pink elula, ifanisha, isinyene;
• amehlo ayingqayizivele, ambalwa, amnyama amnyama;
• i-pulp ekunqunyeni iphuzi eliphuzi noma ukhilimu;
• okuqukethwe kwe-starch kufanelana, kusuka ku-14 kuya kuma-17%.

Ukubonakala ngokujwayelekile namazambane "i-Romano", ngokusho kwencazelo ehlukahlukene, ingaba esithombeni esingezansi:

Imfanelo

Izinhlobonhlobo zamazambane "i-Romano" zenzelwe izifunda eziningi zaseRussia, zinconywa ukulima nokukhiqiza izimboni. Izilimo eziyizigaxa zithengiswa kahle. Izinhlobonhlobo ziphakeme kakhulu, izimpande ezivunyiwe zigcinwe kahle.

Isihlahla sihlangene, siqotho. Amazambane "Romano" - imbewu ehlukahlukene. Amaqabunga asayizi obukhulu, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kancane kancane. Ukwakheka kobumnyama obuhlaza kuningi, amagatsha ahlangene, hhayi ekusakazeni.

Izimbali ezinkulu ezibomvu-purple ziqoqwe ku-corollas. Amajikijolo amancane, awavamile.

Lesi sitshalo siphuthuma kakhulu, kepha ukuthuthukiswa kwezilimo eziyizigaxa kungase kuhlale isikhathi eside. Ukukhiqiza kuhle isihlahla siletha amazambane ama-7-9 amakhulu.

Kukhona cishe izinto ezincane, izimpande zihambelana nosayizi nesisindo. I-tuber rind inomdlandla kakhulu, iwavikela kahle ekulimazeni lapho umba.

Izinhlobonhlobo zizwela ekunciphiseni komsoco wenhlabathi, Izindawo ezimpofu, ezimbi zinciphisa isivuno. Kuncike ekuzaleni kwenhlabathi kanye nesikhathi sokuvuna, isivuno sihluka kusuka kumathani angu-11 kuya ku-32 ehektheleni ngalinye. Isivuno esiphezulu ekupheleni konyaka okhulayo singafinyelela amathani angu-34 ngehektare.

Ukukhiqiza kungenye yezinkomba eziyinhloko zamazambane ezikhulayo. Qhathanisa lesi sici seRomano ngezinye izinhlobo:

Amazambane "Romano" abhekisela ezinhlobonhlobo ze-srednerannymi. Amazambane ahlukumezekile ukunakekelwa, abekezelele isomiso esifushane. Ezimweni ezifudumeleyo, ukutshala kungagwenywa; ezindaweni ezinomfudumalo oshisayo, ukuchelela okungashadile kanye nokudla okukodwa kuyadingeka.

Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi ungadla kanjani amazambane, kanjani futhi nini ukusebenzisa umanyolo, njengoba kwenziwa ngesikhathi sokutshala.

Kunconywe izikhathi ezimbili noma ezintathu ukukhahlela nge-weeding. Izilimo eziyizigaxa zokuqala zingagukwa ngasekupheleni kukaJune, kodwa kunconywa ukuba uhambise isivuno esikhulu ekuqaleni kukaSeptemba.

Indlela yokutshala isitshalo samazambane ngaphandle kokuqhakaziza nokusila, funda lapha.

Izinhlobonhlobo ziphikisana ngokwanele nezifo. Ukuphazamiseka kabi ngengozi, cishe mahhala kumdlavuza wezambatho kanye nomdwebo wegwayi. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezimbi, zingathinteka yi-nematode kanye ne-scab ejwayelekile. Imbewu yezinhlamvu ayiguquki kanti ingasetshenziswa iminyaka eminingana ngaphandle kokuvuselelwa.

Funda futhi nge-Alternaria, i-fusarium ne-wilting yama-apula.

Amazambane anambitha kakhulu. Ukunambitheka kunomqondo olinganiselayo, ogcwele umzimba, ngaphandle kokuphuza amanzi.

Kusukela kuma-tuberous abilisiwe kuvela umoya omnene Mash ngaphandle kwezimbongolo. Izinhlobo zamazambane "i-Romano" ifaneleka ukunambisa, ukugosa, ukudoba. Ukusetshenziswa kwezezimboni nakho kunokwenzeka, ama-pipe ama-chips kanye nezinhlayiya ze-fries atholakala. Ngenxa yalokho okuqukethwe okwenziwe isitashi ngesikhathi sokusika, lezi zilimo eziyizigaxa azizange zibe mnyama..

Umsuka

Izinhlobonhlobo zamazambane "i-Romano" ezakhiwe ngabalimi baseDashi. Kufakwe kwiRejista Yombuso waseRussia ngo-1994.

Ilandelwa iCentral, Central Black Earth, Volga-Vyatka, izifunda zaseNingizimu naseMpumalanga Ephakathi.

Amazambane abekezelele isomiso nokushisa ngokweqile, kodwa azwela ku-frost. Kunconywe ukutshala izimboni, ezifanele amapulazi, i-agrotechnology ilula.

Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene kakhulu zokudayiswa, izilimo eziyizigaxa zigcinwe kahle, isikhumba esinomsoco isikhathi eside sigcina ukunambitheka okuphezulu, kuvimbela ukukhula.

Funda kabanzi mayelana nesikhathi nokushisa kwesitoreji, mayelana nezinkinga. Futhi nokuthi ungagcina kanjani izimpande ebusika, emkhathini nasezinkantini, esiqandisini futhi ehlutshiwe.

Izinzuzo nokungalungi

Phakathi kwezinzuzo eziyinhloko ezihlukahlukene:

• ukunambitheka kakhulu kwezimpande izitshalo;
• isethulo esihle, amaphesenti amancane omshado;
• isivuno esikhulu;
• ukuvuna kugcinwa isikhathi eside, ukuhamba kungenzeka;
• ukumelana nomonakalo okwenziwa umshini wezilimo eziyizigaxa;
• ukuphendula ngokudla;
• ukubekezelelana kwesomiso;
• ukuzivikela okuhle.

Ithebula elingezansi linikeza izinkomba zezici ezinjengobukhulu bempahla ye-tuber kanye nenkhulumo yephesenti yokugcina izinga lamazambane ezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukene, uma kuqhathaniswa:

Phakathi kokungalungi kungenziwa kuqaphele ikhasi elincane kakhulu. Igcina izilimo eziyizigaxa, kodwa zibavimbela ekusika. Amazambane azibekezeli amaqhwa, angase abe ngaphansi kwezifo ezithile (isikhumba noma i-nematode).

Izici zokukhula

Izilimo eziyizigaxa zezitshalo zidinga ukufudumala inhlabathi eyanele lapho kusongelwa ama-frosts entwasahlobo. Ukushisa okungcono - kusuka ku-15 kuya ku-20 degrees.

Amahlumela azoba esheshayo futhi enobungane, izithelo ziyokhula kakhulu. Izilimo eziyizigaxa ezinkulu zingaqunywa, lokhu kuzosindisa impahla yokutshala.

Kusetshenziswa ummese obukhali, okwenziwa ngezikhathi ezithile kwisisombululo esinamandla se-potassium permanganate. Ukuhlunga kwenziwa ngokushesha ngaphambi kokutshala, okuhlutshiwe kwizilimo eziyizigaxa zesitoreji kungaba ukubola.

Izihlahla eziqinile kakhulu, ezithembisayo kakhulu kufanele zikhonjiswe ngokunamathela ibhande elikhanyayo. Lezi zitshalo zizokunikeza okungcono kakhulu ukutshala izinto ngonyaka ozayo.

Izihlahla ezingenwa amagciwane akufanele zisetshenziswe njengomthombo wezambatho zamazambane. Iviki ngaphambi kokuvuna kunconywa ukusika iziqongo. Le nqubo izokwenza izilimo eziyizigaxa zibe nzima kakhulu, ziqinise isikhumba futhi zithuthukise ikhwalithi yezohwebo. Amazambane aphikisana nomonakalo owenziwe ngomshini, awudingi amadivaysi akhethekile wokuhlanza.

I-Romanovskiy amazambane ahlukahlukene abekezelela ukushisa nesomiso esifushane. Ngenkathi yonyaka, kuyinto efiselekayo ukuphuza izihlahla okungenani izikhathi ezimbili, ukuguqa kuyadingeka, kanye nokudla okulodwa. Indlela engcono kakhulu ukusebenzisa izimila eziyinkimbinkimbi ngaphambi kokutshala, ngokushesha emva kokukhipha inhlabathi.

Ngemuva kokuvuna, amazambane abomile izinsuku ezingu-3-5. Ngezinsuku ezinhle, isivuno somile ngqo emithonjeni, lapho kusetshenzwa khona ama-canopy asezingeni elibi lezulu.

Ukunciphisa umzimba kusetshenziselwa ukulawula ukhula.

Izifo nezinambuzane

Izinhlobonhlobo "Romano" ziphikisana ngokugcwele nezifo ezinkulu. Akuvamile ukuthinteka yi-virus, umdlavuza wezambatho. Kunokumelana okuvamile ku-rhizoctoniosis, kodwa ivikelekile kabi kusuka kumazambane nematode kanye nesikhumba. Izilimo eziyizigaxa cishe azithinteki ukulimala, kodwa lesi sifo singathinta amaqabunga ezitshalo.

I-prophylaxis Ukutshala Kunconywa ukuthi kuthathe izidakamizwa ezinezicubufuthi yonke iminyaka embalwa shintsha iziza zokutshala.

Futhi esiteshini sethu uzothola ulwazi oluningi oluwusizo mayelana nezinambuzane ezifana ne-Colorado amazambane beetle, ibhere, i-moth, i-wireworm.

Funda konke mayelana nokulwa ne-Colorado, ama-potato beetle, indlela yokulahla i-wireworm nokuthi yiziphi izidakamizwa ongazisebenzisa ngokumelene nenundu yamazambane.

Phakathi, kunconywa ukuhlwanyela amasimu amazambane nge-phacelia, i-legumes, iklabishi yokuqala noma isithombo se-oilseed.

Sikucabangela uchungechunge lwezinto eziwusizo ngezindlela ezahlukene zezamazambane ezikhulayo. Funda konke ngobuchwepheshe beDutch, ukutshalwa kwezinhlobo zakuqala, indlela ngaphansi komshini, ezikhwameni, emabhokisini, ebhokisini.

Ngezansi kwetafula uzothola izixhumanisi ezihlokweni ezinhlobo zamazambane ukuvuthwa ngezikhathi ezahlukene: