Ukusuka eMoscow kuya emaphethelweni - amazambane akhule eRussia kuphi futhi kanjani?

Lesi sitshalo esibalulekile sokudla eRussia ngumkhiqizo wokudla obaluleke kakhulu. Futhi uma ekhulwini le-18 likhulile kuphela emasimini asebenzisa imithi nasemasimini asezitshalo, namhlanje likhula cishe yonke indawo.

Namuhla, amazambane akhule yonke indawo eRussia: kusukela ezindaweni eziseningizimu kuya e-Arctic Circle, kusukela emngceleni osentshonalanga kuya eMpumalanga Ekude. Kodwa-ke, izingxenye zayo eziyinhloko zisezindaweni ezifudumele zezulu zezwe.

Ngokwemvelo, ezimweni ezehlukene zezulu kunezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokulima ezisetshenziswayo, izinto eziphilayo zicatshangelwa, kepha umphumela uhlale utholakele.

Okudingekayo

• Umhlaba. Amazambane azithanda kakhulu inhlabathi evulekile, elula, enesihlabathi ecebile kuma-humus, futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, izindawo ezivulekile. Ukutshala kwabaphambili kunomthelela omuhle kakhulu kwisitshalo: okusanhlamvu kwasebusika nezitshalo eziqhamukayo. Umhlabathi ususwe ngokuphelele izinambuzane kanye nezifo ezifuywayo, kanye nokucebisa izakhi.
• Ukukhanyisa. Ukukhanyiswa okulungile kubaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni okuphumelelayo kwesitshalo; amazambane kufanele atshalwe ezindaweni ezikhanyayo, ezinelanga. Okuseduze kukhona izihlahla ezingathandeki nezihlahla, njengokuthi ezitheni zabo zithengiswa kakhulu.
• Umswakama. Izidingo ze-humidity zikhulu kakhulu, isihlahla esisodwa ngasinye siphuphuma amanzi angu-60 kuya kwangu-70. Ubuningi bomswakama buyadingeka ngesikhathi sokuhluma kwamazambane kanye nesikhathi sokukhula kwezilimo eziyizigaxa. Uma umswakama okwanele ngalesi sikhathi, khona-ke, ngokufanele, isivuno siyanciphisa kakhulu.

Okushiwo yiRussia

E-Russia, ngokungafani namanye amazwe (lapho amazambane ekhula khona ngokucophelela), atshalwa emathafeni nasendaweni yezintaba, ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zezulu, ezindaweni ezihlukene. Ikhula ezindaweni ezinamahora amaningi omini nasemasimini ashisayo, ngisho namazulu (isibonelo, eNyakatho Caucasus). Ngenxa yalokhu okucacile, inani elikhulu lobuchwepheshe obuhlukile lenzelwe ukukhula, ukuhlanza nokugcina lesi sitshalo sezimpande.

Izindawo zokulima imifino

Uphi ingxenye enkulu yesitshalo esakhula eRussia?

Iningi lamazambane likhulile esifundeni seCentral Black Earth nasendaweni ye-Non-Chernozem. Imiphumela ephezulu kakhulu ifinyelelwa ezindaweni zase Voronezh, Kursk, Samara nasePenza.

Amazambane akhule kanjani ezindaweni ezithile?

ESiberia

E-Siberia, ama-cold frosts asekupheleni konyaka, futhi ekwindla izinga lokushisa lomoya liqala ukuwa, ngoJulayi kukhona ukushisa okukhulu kakhulu, kanti ngo-Agasti kunezimvula ezinzima njalo ezimanzi kakhulu emhlabeni. Izimo ezisenyakatho azikahle kakhulu, kepha izinhlobo zokuvuthwa zakuqala nezinyanga zokuqala ezikwazi ukukhiqiza isivuno esihle zakhiwe ikakhulukazi eSiberia (bheka ukuthi ungathola kanjani isivuno esihle samazambane zakuqala lapha).

Izindlela zokulima

Ukutshala amazambane eSiberia kunokwenzeka kuphela lapho umhlaba uqhuma kufika ku-8 degrees Celsius (Ejulile 15 cm), umhlaba kufanele ube mkhulu futhi ukhululekile.

KUBALULEKILE! Umquba udinga ukulethwa kuphela lapho umba ekwindla, entwasahlobo angeke yenziwe, njengoba amazambane angase afe. Cishe inyanga ngaphambi kokutshala udinga ukuthola izimpande ezisuka phansi ukuze zihlume.

Kunezindlela ezintathu ezivame kakhulu zokutshala amazambane eSiberia:

1. Umzila owodwa - yenza imigqa ebushelelezi ebangeni elingaba ngu-60 - 70 cm, utshale izilimo eziyizigaxa 25 cm komunye nomunye. Esikhathini sezulu esibukhali kangaka, ukujula okungcono kakhulu kokufika ku-7 cm.
2. Ithebula - le ndlela isetshenziswe ikakhulukazi esikoleni. Ibanga eliphakathi kwemifula emibili lishiywe ngamasentimitha angama-30, kanti lawa alandelayo afakwa kuphela emva kuka-110 cm. Lapho izihlahla zihlushwa ngogandaganda, akukho lutho olonakalisiwe, leli banga lilungiswa kahle.
3. Ridge - le ndlela isetshenziselwa inhlabathi "enzima" emanzi. Isimiso saso sendlela eyedlule, kodwa ehlukile ekuphakameni komugqa, cishe ngo-20 cm, ikuvumela ukuba uvune amasonto amabili ngaphambili.

Emva kokutshala, umhlabathi kufanele uhlanganiswe (udoti lwamahlamvu noma utshani) ohlangothini olungaba ngu-15 kuya ku-30 ​​cm.. Emasontweni amabili emva kokuvela kwamahlumela kubalulekile ukufeza ukuchelela kokuqala (mayelana nesikhathi sokunisela amazambane, funda lapha). Ukuphuza okwesibili kuzodingeka kwenziwe ngesikhathi isigaba sokuhluma siqala futhi inhlabathi ikhala cishe ngo-7 cm ngokujula.

Ngezikhathi ezithile, inhlabathi ikhululiwe ku-oksijeni kuya kwezilimo eziyizigaxa, ngokufanele udinga ukwenza lokhu ngemuva kwemvula ngayinye noma ukuchelela. Ngemuva kokuvela kwezithombo kuphazamisa amazambane, khona-ke kwenzeka okwesibili lapho ukuphakama kwesihlahla kungaba ngu-15 - 17 cm.

Ngezikhathi ezithile udinga ukubeka umquba kusuka otshani obunamanzi noma utshani endaweningoba eSiberia ngisho noJune frosts kungenzeka. Ngokushesha lapho amazambane amazambane aqala ukuma, qhubeka nokuvuna. Izinhlobo zakuqala zivuthwe lapha phakathi no-Agasti.

Imininingwane mayelana nezindlela ezintsha, ezingezona zendabuko zokutshala amazambane esakhiweni, ungathola lapha.

I-Transbaikalia

Ukuveleleka kwamazambane okukhulayo kule ndawo ukuthi basebenzisa insimu yokutshala, izilimo eziyizigaxa zingcwatshwa ngo-10 cm ejulile. Indlela yaseShayina ibuye ithandwa kakhulu eTransbaikalia, okuyinhloko yokuthi njengoba isihlahla sikhula, umhlaba uhlale uthelelwa ngaphansi kwezimpande (ungakhohlwa ukutshala).

Esifundeni saseNizhny Novgorod

Esifundazweni saseNizhny Novgorod ukusebenzisa izinhlobo zokuqala zokutshala amazambane, izilimo eziyizigaxa ezingcono ezihluma.

Ungakhohlwa mayelana nomanyolo, ukukhuphuka nokwehla. Ukuphuthuma akufanelekile, kungcono ukwenza lokhu ngoMeyi, kufanele futhi kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukuhlanganiswa (okuzungeze isihlahla) kuyasiza kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni isihlahla.

Isifunda saseMoscow

Izinhlobonhlobo ezihamba phambili zamazambane endaweni yesifunda saseMoscow ziyoba izinhlobo zakuqala nezinyanga zakuqala, ezingatshalwa emhlabathini ovulekile ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo yamahlumela.

Ngokwezifiso zabantu, lesi sikhathi sihambisana nezimbali ze-cherry bird. Kulesi sifundazwe, inhlabathi enhle neyesihlabathi ifaneleka amazambane.

Indlela yokufika ikhethwe lapha noma yikuphi, kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke ukuthandwa kwendlela yokuhamba. Futhi, ungakhohlwa ngama-fertilizer.

Isiphetho

Ukufingqa, singasho lokho ngokuqiniseka amazambane akhula eRussia uphumelela kakhulu, nasezindaweni ezihlukene, ezihlukene kakhulu komunye nomunye. Ngokuthambekela kokunciphisa indawo yokutshala, noma kunjalo, isivuno siyakhula ngenxa yobuchwepheshe obufanele. Abasimili bezama njalo izindlela ezintsha zamazambane ezikhulayo, bezama futhi bafeze imiphumela emihle kakhulu.