Njengazo zonke izilwane eziphilayo emhlabeni, izihlahla zineminyaka yobudala. Esikhathini esidabukisayo somuzi, asivamile ukucabanga ngokuphila kwemithi ethile, futhi ngokuqinisekile akuwona wonke umuntu owazi ukuthi yisiphi isihlahla esiphila iminyaka engu-1000 noma ngaphezulu. Isihloko sethu sizosiza ukuphendula le mibuzo: ngubani owaziyo, mhlawumbe umuthi ohlala isikhathi eside uhlala egcekeni lakho.
Ukuphila komuthi kuxhomeke kuphi?
Isikhathi esiphezulu sezitshalo ngokuyinhloko sinqunywa ukubukeka kwabo: okuphila isikhathi esifushane kunazo zonke izihlahla zezithelo, ama-deciduous and coniferous ziyisisekelo "sehlathi elihlale lihlumela." Kungakanani isitshalo esizohlala futhi kuxhomeke ezimweni lapho zikhula khona. 
Isimo sezulu esincane senza ukuba kube khona isikhathi eside sitshalo, futhi ukushisa okukhulu nomoya ngokushesha kuchithe ngisho nemifula enamandla kakhulu. Ukuze kube nokuphila okuphakeme kwezihlahla zezithelo, ukunakekelwa ngokweqile kunendima ebalulekile.
Ukuhlanzwa emagatsheni owomile, ukusetshenziselwa izinambuzane nokudla kukhulisa kakhulu amathuba okuphila okude kwemithi yokuhlobisa.
Amasiko adumile
Kunzima ukucabanga ngemigwaqo ejwayelekile ngaphandle kwemvelo. Emgwaqeni wethu, cishe zonke izinhlobo ze-oxygen "abakhiqizi" ezivamile (ezihlobo oluhlaza) zasehlobo zivamile. Ukuhamba edolobheni, ungabala izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-20 zezithelo, ezinqabile, nakwezinye izindawo, kanye nama-conifers. Cabanga ngezici zokukhula kwezinye zazo.
Isikhuni
- I-oki enhlobonhlobo yayo ihlanganisa izinhlobo ezingu-600 zezitshalo. Ukuphakama komuthi we-oki kufinyelela kumamitha angu-50, futhi noma yisiphi isitshalo seplanethi singaba nomona ukuthi umuthi oki uhlala isikhathi eside kangakanani. Kulula ukufunda i-oki ngokubonga iqabunga elikhulu nezithelo - ama-acorns asetshenziswa kabanzi emithi, i-cosmetology nokupheka. Ukhuni lwama-Oak luyigugu kakhulu ekwenzeni ifenisha, futhi imikhiqizo ebomvu i-oak ibhekwa njengesibonakaliso sokunethezeka.
- I-Hornbeam ikhula kulo lonke elaseYurophu, itholakala e-Asia Minor naseTranscaucasia. Umqhele omkhulu we-hornbeam uthanda ukufihla emahlathini amnyama ahlambalala futhi ukhula kancane, uthole ububanzi obungamamitha angu-8. U-Hornbeam - ummeleli womndeni we-birch, futhi njengoye, uqhakaza ngamacici. Amaqabunga amancane e-hornbeam asetshenziselwa ukudla kwezilwane, futhi amafutha asuswa esithelweni.
- I-Lindeni inomqhele onamagatsha angama-30 ophakeme futhi ohlakazekayo, okhuluma ngengcebo ongayinika umuntu. Phela, i-Lindind inezinto eziningi eziwusizo. Iphuzi elimhlophe eliphuzi elimhlophe liyadingeka kakhulu empilweni yezempilo kanye nobuhle. I-Linden izinkuni kulula ukusebenza, izintambo zayo ezithambile ziqoshiwe.
Bheka amathiphu okukhula kwe-lindens.
Uyazi? I-Lipa ibhekwa njengophawu lukazwelonke lweCzech Republic kusukela ngoJuni 1848.
- I-Beech imelwe kabanzi emahlathini aseYurophu. I-smooth smooth ye-beech ngobubanzi ifinyelela kokubili, futhi ngokuphakama - amamitha angu-30. Buki ikhula kancane kepha ihlala isikhathi eside. Izithelo ezinjenge-acorn zivela esihlahleni emva kweminyaka engu-40-60 yokuphila. "Amantongomane ka-Beech" ayadliwa futhi anezindawo ezilawula izinqubo zokusebenzisa umzimba futhi zisebenza ngokujwayelekile kwenhliziyo.
- I-Ash iye yazuza igama layo ngenxa yomqhele wayo: amagatsha athambile anekhava elincane elincane elimhlophe, kufanele libe nelanga eliningi, ngakho-ke lihlale likhanya ngaphansi kwesihlahla. Ngentwasahlobo, umlotha uthola i-purple hue futhi ifomu i-lionfish - izithelo eziyowela ebusika kuphela. Izinkuni zemithi engamamitha angu-30 zihlala ziqinile, okubaluleke kakhulu ekwakhiweni nasekubhekeni imisebenzi. Ezokwelapha, basebenzisa amagxolo, amaqabunga, izithelo zomlotha, futhi bakhipha umthamo womuthi. Naphezu kwemithi yayo yokwelapha, umlotha ubhekwa njengesitshalo esinobuthi, ngakho-ke, ungayazi ukulinganisa okuqondile, kungcono ukungasebenzisi kabi i-decoction. I-Ash ikwazi ukuhlala iminyaka engaba ngu-300, kanti ububanzi be-trunk abukho kangcono ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-1.
Uzoba nesithakazelo sokwazi ngama-nuances wokulima umlotha ovamile.
- U-Elm ngokuvamile ufinyelela kumamitha angu-40, nakuba ezinye zezilwane zikhula njengezihlahla. Umuthi we-elm osemusha uhlukaniswa negxolo elibushelelezi le-trunk, lapho lineminyaka elidala futhi likhula. Amaqabunga e-elm ayinkulu futhi ane-oblong, izithelo ezinjengengonyama zibonakala emthini oneminyaka engu-7-8. I-Elm - isitshalo esingenakuzithoba, singatholakala kokubili ezindaweni ezifakwe emathunjini, naphakathi kwethafa noma phezulu kwegquma. U-Elm ukhula iminyaka engu-300.
Funda ngezakhiwo ezizuzisayo ze-elm.
- I-Poplar - isitshalo esinomugqa we-columnar kuze kube ngamamitha angu-35 ukuphakama, sinamaqabunga amancane ahlangene. Isithelo sibonakala njengebhokisi. Kusukela ekuhlumeni kwe-poplar efihlekile, izinyosi ziqoqa i-glue, ebizwa ngokuthi i-propolis. I-Poplar inendawo yokuthola imisebe kanye nezinto ezinobungozi, ngakho-ke ama-poplar plantings angatholakala ezindaweni zokukhiqiza nezimboni ezihlukahlukene. I-poplar fluff i-allergen. Ngokungafani nezinye izihlahla eziningi, isitshalo se-poplar sine-dioecious: insikazi ayinayo imbewu embali, kuyilapho owesilisa enabo.
Kubalulekile! Lapho ukhetha i-poplar yokutshala, cabanga ngezici ezikhethekile: emva kokuzimbali, owesifazane kuphela ongathwala "i-poplar fluff".
- I-maple ibonakala ngokuphawulekayo ekwindla: amaqabunga ahlukahlukene emagatsheni omqhele angathola umbala ohlukile. Izitshalo ze-maple ziphansi futhi zifinyelela isilinganiso samamitha angu-15-20. Amaqabunga anama-serrated blades ahlukanisa imephu evela emithini eminingi eminyene. Izithelo ze-maple ziyakwazi ukuthwala imbewu kude, ngoba izithelo zedraki enamaphiko zijikeleza uma ziwela futhi zithathwa umoya.
- I-Birch ifinyelela kumamitha angu-45 ukuphakama, futhi i-trunk ingafinyelela kumamitha angu-1.5 ngokubhinca. Birch futhi ine subspecies amancane. Umbala we-birch esetshenziselwa ukuzuza ngonyaka wesishiyagalombili wokuphila, ngaphambi kwalokho, isiqu saso sibomvu futhi sibushelelezi. Amaqabunga anomumo wesigcawu esinesigungci esinemiphetho egcwele. Akunakwenzeka ukusho ukuthi iminyaka eminingi kangakanani i-birch, ngoba kunezinhlobo eziningi zayo: ezinye zikhula iminyaka engu-150, ezinye ziyakwazi ukuba khona iminyaka engu-300.
- I-Chestnut - isihlahla esifike ngamamitha angu-35 ukuphakama, sinomqhele omuhle. Ubudala bufinyelela eminyakeni engama-300. Amaqabunga anamafomu angu-7, atholakala kuma-cuttings abhekene nomunye nomunye. NgoMeyi, izimbali ze-chestnut, ama-inflorescences ane-cone enemibala enemibala emhlophe noma emhlophe. Izithelo ze-chestnut zivuthwe ekwindla futhi zingamabhokisini azungezile nge-spikes, ngaphakathi ngaphakathi kuwo. Kuyo imbewu yokuvuthwa. Amalungiselelo wezokwelapha ase-Chestnut anezakhiwo ze-analgesic.
Funda ngemithetho yokutshala nokunakekela ama-chestnuts.
Phakathi kwezitshalo ezithandwayo ezithandwayo azikwazi ukunakwa futhi izihlahla zezithelo.
- Umuthi we-apula ngokwendlela uqobo unezinhlobo ezimbili ezikhulayo nezidliwayo. Umuthi ukhula ube ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-15 ukuphakama, kanti ezinye izinhlobo zakha izihlahla ezikhula kancane. Noma yiziphi izinhlobonhlobo zidinga ukunakekelwa nezimo ezithile ezidinga ukudala ukukhiqiza okukhulu kwesihlahla sama-apula. Kunezinhlobo zokuthisa ukushisa nokuqhwa kwamaqhwa, umswakama-onothando nokubekezela kwesomiso. Khetha umuthi we-apula awunzima uma wazi izici zomhlabathi wesayithi lakho. Lokhu kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi isikhathi sakho sempilo eside kunazo zonke nesivuno esihle.
Funda ngamathiphu amahle wokunakekelwa kwe-apula nokutshala.
- Iphakathi kwamhlanje kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-60 nezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-3,000. Njengoba ikhula ngamamitha angu-20, lesi sihlahla singathela izithelo iminyaka engaba ngu-50. I-pear, njengesihlahla sama-apula, ayikhulumi kahle esakhiweni semvelo ephezulu yomhlaba. Ngakho-ke, uma ufuna i-pear ukuba isebenze isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka, khetha indawo enqabeni yokutshala kwayo. Ukwandisa impilo yesitshalo sakho ozithandayo, udinga ukuyidla futhi uyiluse kusuka ezinambuzane.
Uyazi? Amaqabunga e-pears akhula ngendlela ecacisiwe, ngaphandle komunye nomunye ekhoneni lika-135°. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuba uthole umswakama ophezulu nokukhanya kwelanga.
- I-plum ihluke ngokuqapha kwayo - kakade ngonyaka wesithathu wokuphila kwayo, iyakwazi ukukhiqiza isivuno. Ngokungafani namapheya kanye nezihlahla ze-apula, iplamu ithanda inhlabathi ngomswakama ophezulu, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo indawo akufanele ihlanjululwe. Ukunakekelwa kwe-Plum akufani neze nokunakekelwa kwezinye izitshalo zezithelo. Uma ufuna isibindi eside endaweni ye-plum, ukhulule umhlabathi ozungeza isiqu, uchithe ukhula, inqubo kusuka ezinambuzane kanye nokudla ngesikhathi esifanelekayo.
- I-Cherry ayikhuli ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-10, ngakho-ke uma ufuna isihlahla sesithelo esihlanganisiwe kusayithi lakho, khetha it. Ngesikhathi sokuqala, umuthi owodwa ungaveza cishe ama-kilogram angu-20 ama-cherries esihlahleni esisodwa. Ezimweni ezifanele zokukhula, i-cherry ingajabula nama-berries ayo iminyaka engu-25.
Uzoba nesithakazelo sokwazi ngezinhlobo ezinkulu kakhulu zama cherry.
- I-sweet cherry noma i-cherry bird yiyona ukunambitheka okungenakuphika kwehlobo. Ngokungafani ne-cherry, ine-berry ekhudlwana futhi enomzimba. Okunye okunye okufisayo, njengoba kunesidingo esikhethekile mayelana nokushisa.
- I-apricot iphinda ihlukaniswe ukuphakama kwayo okujwayelekile kanye nomqhele wesigqoko. Ezimweni ezifudumele, i-apricot ikhula cishe eminyakeni eyikhulu futhi iqala ukuthela izithelo ekuqaleni, kusukela eminyakeni engu-3-5 ubudala. Izinhlobo eziningi ze-apricot ziyakwazi ukumelana nokubandayo, ukulwa nesomiso futhi zingahluma ezindaweni ezinemvula encane.
Kubalulekile! Umehluko phakathi kwezithelo zama-apricot omisiwe wukuthi i-apricot - i-apricot, iqondile kusuka etsheni, nama-apricot omisiwe - i-apricot eyomile, lapho ithambo lisuswa khona.
Conifer
- I-Spruce - uphawu oluvuthiwe loNyaka Omusha, olufinyelela ubude bamamitha angu-50. Ukubunjwa komqhele kuye kwakhiwa eminyakeni edlule, kusukela ekuqaleni imithi yesihlahla sonwele sase-spruce iqondisa wonke amandla ayo ekukhuleni. Kuye ngezinhlobo zezilwane, ubukhazikhazi bamagatsha nobude bezinaliti ziyahlukahluka. Ama-Cones asakaza imbewu ngonyaka we-20 we-spruce. Ubuhle obuhle bungatholakala ezindaweni ezahlukene zomhlaba, nakuba kunezinhlobo ezitholakala ezindaweni ezithile.
- I-Pine njengesitshalo ikhona ngezinhlobo ezintathu:
- Isihlahla
- Shrub
- Stlanik.
- Umjunipha - umuthi okhanyayo, ukumelana nesomiso, ukushisa okusheshayo okushisa, izinambuzane nezifo. Umjunipha wesikhathi eside ungamhawukela noma yisiphi isitshalo se-coniferous. Amafutha ukuthi umjunipha uphuma uyaphilisa futhi ayigcwalise nge-phytoncides. Phakathi kwezindawo zokuhlobisa izitshalo ezithandwayo endaweni yomjunipha zikhethwa kaningi ngenxa yokungathobeki kwayo ekuthunjweni nasenhlabathini, okuqinisekisa ukuthi kuphila isikhathi eside.
Hlola izinhlobo zemjunipha ezidumile.
Kubalulekile! Izakhiwo ze-bactericidal zezinaliti ze-juniper azifani.
- I-Fir ingaqashelwa kalula ngokufihlelwa ngokucacile. Izinaliti ze-fir aziwi ngisho nalapho amagatsha eyomile, okwenza kube lula njalo. Isilinganiso seminyaka yobudala be-fir - iminyaka engu-150-200, kepha ukuphakama kwayo kungahlukahluka kuye ngezinhlobo zezilwane.
- I-Thuja yizihlahla ezivuthiwe nezihlahla ezivame ukukhula ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-11. Amathumba ayahlukaniswa nezinaliti ezinothile, ezinjengezinaliti, eziba mnyama futhi zihlangene nobudala. I-Thuja ayiyona ingenangqondo ekunakekeleni, iyindima engenamakhaza, kanti ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane zibekezelela ngisho nokushisa kwama-frosty kahle.
Ithebula lesikhathi eside
Ngakho zingaki izihlahla ezihlala, yikuphi ubukhulu obukhulu be-maple, i-apricot ihlala isikhathi esingakanani nokuthi iphilini ihlala iminyaka emingaki, leli phebula lizophendula.
| Igama lomuthi | Isikhathi sokuphila (iminyaka) |
| I-apricot | 25 - 30 |
| Birch | 150 - 300 |
| Beech | 400 - 500 |
| I-Cherry | 25 - 30 |
| Elm tree | 150 - 300 |
| Hornbeam | 200 |
| Iphakathi | 50 |
| Oak | 1500 |
| U-spruce | 300 - 500 |
| I-Chestnut | 200 - 350 |
| Maple | 200 - 300 |
| Isihlahla se-Linden | 400 |
| I-Juniper | 500 - 1000 |
| Fir | 150 - 200 |
| I-Plum | 25 - 40 |
| Isihlahla sePine | 300 - 400 |
| Yew | 1000 - 2000 |
| I-Poplar | 70 - 100 |
| Thuja | 100 |
| I-sweet cherry | 40 - 45 |
| Isihlahla se-Apple | 25 - 30 |
| Umuthi we-Ash | 150 - 200 |
Ngumuphi umuthi ohlala iminyaka engu-1000?
Kwezinye izihlahla, iminyaka yobudala engu-1000 ingaphezulu komkhawulo. Kukhona izinhlobo eziphila eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-1500 no-2000. Uma umjunipha ungaphila ube neminyaka eyi-1000 ubudala, i-cedar pines, i-berry yew, i-oak, i-baobabs ne-redwoods ikhona iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-3000.
Uyazi? Methusela - Umuntu omdala oneminyaka yobudala obhalwe ohlwini lweBhayibheli, odume ngobude bakhe. Wahlala iminyaka engama-969.Isibonelo somuthi ohlala isikhathi eside yi-pine, iminyaka yobudala idlulile eminyakeni engama-4850! Le phayini ikhula emaGodini aMhlophe aseCalifornia, e-National Reserve, kodwa indawo ngqo kaMethusela ayibonakaliswa ukuyivikela emphakathini. UMetselala uyabonakala njengomuthi wasendulo kunawo wonke emhlabeni.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isihlahla sinikezwe kangakanani umhlaba, kufaneleka sikhumbule ukuthi kusukela ngesikhathi sokuhluma kuya ekuqotheni noma ukulimaza izitshalo zenza umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu - zicebisa iphlanethi nge-oxygen. Ukulinda kokuphila kokutshala okuluhlaza kuningi kulokho okuxhomeke kubantu ngokwabo: kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukwephula umuthi kuyesibili, futhi ukukhula kuba yiminyaka.
