Isizukulwane samahhashi sibuyele emuva emakhulwini eminyaka. Ngeminyaka eyizigidi ezingu-50, isilwane, esingadluli ubuningi bezinja ezivamile, seyihhashi elikhulu. Ngaphandle kwalo, akunakwenzeka ukucabanga ezinye iziqephu ezivela esikhathini esidlule sempucuko yethu: ukufuduka kwezizwe, izimpi ezidumile nokunqotshwa kwamanye amazwe. Yiqiniso, ukuthunjwa kwalezi zilwane akuzange kwenzeke iminyaka eminingana: lokhu kuzokuxoxwa ngakho esihlokweni sethu.
Okhokho basendulo bamahhashi
Ihhashi yenza indlela ende yokuthuthukiswa ngaphansi kwemoya yezemvelo, ukushintsha ukubukeka kanye nezimfanelo zangaphakathi. Okhokho bamahhashi basendulo bangabantu abahlala emahlathini abahlala engxenyeni yokuqala yeNkathi Yemfundo Ephakeme emahlathini ashisayo. Bathola ukudla ehlathini, empilweni abaye bajwayela ngayo.
Ukuthuthukiswa kookhokho behhashi kwenzeke phakathi nalesi sikhathi ngesikhathi sokukhulisa usayizi wabo, ukuxilongwa kwamadivaysi wamazinyo kanye nokwakhiwa kwamakhono okuhamba eminwe emithathu.
Sikukwazisa ukuthi ufunde mayelana nokuthi amahhashi asendle ahlala kuphi.
Ngalokhu, umunwe ophakathi wawukhulu futhi wathwala umthwalo oyinhloko, kanti iminwe yangemuva yahlangana futhi yaba yifushane, igcina indima yokwesekwa okungeziwe, okwenza ukuba kwenzeke ukuhamba emhlabeni ovulekile.
Eogippus kanye ne-chiracotherium
U-Eogippus wabonakala eNyakatho Melika eminyakeni engaba yizigidi ezingu-50 edlule - kwakuyingayizi encane, efana ne-tapir encane yezilwane. Wahlala emahlathini angenakunqandwa, ehlathini, efihla ezitheni eziqhumeni nasezintweni ezide. 
Ukubukeka kwakhe kwakungabonakali njengehhashi lanamuhla. Kwakukhona iminwe emlenzeni wesilwane, esikhundleni sezinhlanzi, ngaphezu kwalokho, kwakukhona ezintathu ezinhlangothini zangaphambili, kanti ezine eziphambili. Igogi le-oogippus lalulwa. Ukuphakama lapho kubonakala khona abameleli bayo abahlukahlukene kusuka ku-25 ukuya ku-50 cm.
Emahlathini aseYurophu ngesikhathi esifanayo kwakuhlala isihlobo esiseduze se-Eo-Hippus - chiracotherium. Kuye kwenzeka, njengoba ososayensi bakholwa, ihhashi lamanje. Ngeminwe emine emaqenjini angaphambili futhi amathathu ngemuva, ngesayizi, yayifana ne-oogippus. Inhloko ye-chiracterium yayinkulu, enezimbungulu ezinama-oblong nesincane kanye namazinyo.
Kubalulekile! Kunoma yimuphi umsebenzi namahhashi, kufanele ugqoke isigqoko sokuzivikela nezicathulo ezikhethekile.
Ama-Meso-hippuses kanye ne-anchitheria
Izinkulungwane zeminyaka zidlulile, isikhathi nesimo sezwe sashintsha. Ezindaweni lapho kwaze kwaba khona izibhamu kuze kube yamuva, kutholakale amapulazi aluhlaza. Into efana nalokhu kwakuyi-relief in the Little Bedlands endaweni esifundazweni saseNebraska ngesikhathi iMococene yokuqala. Le miji futhi yaba indawo yokuzalwa yama-meso-hippus. Ekuqaleni kuka-Oligocene, ama-hippuses ayehlala emhlambini omkhulu.
Ngosayizi, babefana nezimpisi zamanje futhi zahlukaniswa zaba yizilwane. Imilenze yabo yangaphambili yayixoshiwe, ekupheleni kwayo kwakuyiminwe emine, futhi ngemuva - emithathu. Ukuphakama kwezilwane kwakungama-60 cm. Amazinyo amakhulu ayengenamsimu - lokhu kubonisa ukuthi ama-hippus ayidla kuphela ukudla okutshala. 
I-Molars ihlanganiswe ngama koqweqwe lwawo oqinile. Kubuye kuqiniseke ukuthi ama-hippuses ayenokuthuthukiswa kakhulu kunama-hippuses. Lokhu kubonakala ekuguqulweni kokuma kwamazinyo ngokuphelele. Ama-Meso-hippuses ayengaqothulwa - indlela eyayingahlolwa ngokungenangqondo ngamahhashi wamanje. Kubuye kuhlotshaniswe noshintsho esimweni sokuphila kwabo: izintaba ezinamanzi zaba amathafa aluhlaza.
Uyazi? NgesiFinnish, igama elithi "ihhashi" lithathwa njengokucasula, futhi igama elithi "ihhashi" - lithandekayo. Wonke ama-finke azojabula lapho umyeni wakhe ethi, "Wena uyihhashi lami elihle kakhulu!"
I-Pliogippus
E-America, ePliocene, ihhashi lokuqala elilodwa eliphosiwe, i-plio-hippus, livela. Kancane kancane kwasakazeka emachwebeni ase-Eurasia naseMelika, okwakube esexhunywe yi-isthmus. Izihlobo zakhe zasakazeka emhlabeni wonke futhi zatshala ngokuphelele bonke abameleli abathathu.
I-Plio-hippus yayinamazinyo amakhulu nama-crests of koqweqwe lwawo koqweqwe lwawo kanye nesimali egcwalisa imifantu emkhatsini wezintambo. Lesi sidalwa sasiyisimo esimele sise-steppes, sahlukaniswa ngokukhula kwayo okukhulu, sasisekelwe ikakhulu emunwe ophakathi, ngoba iminwe yokuqala, yesibili, yesine neyesihlanu yancipha. 
Inqwaba yezinsalela zamahhashi lasendulo ayebhalwa eMelika: ngenxa yokuthi i-Ice Age yaphela, yafa lapho. E-Asia, lapho i-glaciation yayingaphansi khona, futhi e-Afrika, lapho kwakungekho khona, izihlobo zasemahhashi zasendle zisekhona ezikhathini zanamuhla.
Hlola incazelo yama-best suits amahhashi.
Amahhashi okuqala
Ekupheleni kwesikhathi sokugcina seqhwa, eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane eziyi-10 edlule eYurophu, eNyakatho naseNyakatho ye-Asia, kunamahhashi amaningi amakhulu adliwa, ayenesendle. Ukwenza ushintsho, ubude balo babuyizinkulungwane zamakhilomitha, izinkomo zabo zazulazula ama-steppes.
Inani labo liye lancipha ngenxa yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu nokuntuleka kwamadlelo. Ama-Zebra, izimbongolo, amahhashi amahhafu, ihhashi likaPrzewalski ne-tarpan zibalwa njengezihlobo zasendle zamahhashi. Ama-Zebra ahlala ehlathini lase-Afrika. Baphuma ngembala emigqabhagqabha, baqoqa emhlambini, behamba, bengenakulinganiswa kahle, bengakwazi kahle endaweni yangaphandle.
Ukusuka ekuhambeni kwamahhashi namaqabunga kuza amahlamvu angenalutho - amaZebroid. Zinenhloko yobukhulu obuhle kakhulu, izindlebe ezinkulu, umsila omfushane ongenabhongo, umsila omncane onenhlayiya yezinwele ephoyinti, imilenze emincane kakhulu enezinhlanzi ezincane. 
Izimbongolo zasendle zeZebroid zihlukaniswe zibe izinhlobo ezimbili - i-Abyssinonubian nabase-Somaliya: owokuqala mncane, ukukhanya, okwesibili kunkulu, kombala omnyama. Babehlala eNyakatho Nase-Afrika, beyizambatho ezinemibala eyodwa, enekhanda elikhulu nezindlebe, i-short short. Bene-croup efana nophahla, umsila omncane, izinhlanzi ezincane ezincane.
Uyazi? Ihhashi yisilwane esingcwele kumazwe angu-23. ENyakatho Afrika naseMpumalanga Ephakathi, bahlonishwa kakhulu ngoba abakwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwabo.I-Halfgrains ihlala ema-steppes ase-Asia ehlane. Unombala ophuzi nezindlebe ezincane.
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zalezi zilwane:
- kulanejwayelekile ezindaweni ezizungezile zase-Asia Ephakathi;
- onager, ethandwa ezindaweni ezisemadolobheni aseNyakatho Arabia, eSiriya, e-Iraq, e-Iran, e-Afghanistan naseTurkmenistan;
- kiang - okuhlaba umxhwele kakhulu ngobukhulu besiqingatha buhlala eTibet.
U-N. M. Przhevalsky ngo-1879 wavula ihhashi lasendle, elizobizwa ngegama lakhe kamuva. Lezi zilwane zihlala emachwebeni aseMongolia.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nehhashi le-Przewalski.
Unolwazi lokungafani uma kuqhathaniswa nehhashi elifuywayo:
- unamazinyo amakhulu;
- ubuna kancane;
- isinezinwele ezinezinwele ezimfushane, ngaphandle kwama-bangs;
- izinwele zikhula ngaphansi komhlathi omncane;
- izitho ezincane;
- izinselo ezinkulu;
- isakhiwo esibi;
- I-suit suit.
Laba babameli bakhetha ukuhlala ngamaqembu. Ukuphakama komuntu omdala kufinyelela ku-120 kuya ku-140 cm lapho kubonakala khona. Uma uhamba namahhashi asekhaya, inikeza inhlamvu evundile. I-Tarpan - i-horse eyimanje eyashiywe ngaphambili. 
I-Przhevalsky Ihhashi Izilwane zalezi zinhlobo azizange zide kakhulu, kuphela u-130-140 cm kuphela, futhi isisindo saso sasingaba ngu-300-400 kg. Lezi zinhlobo zazihlukaniswa nomzimba omnyama, ikhanda elikhulu ngokwanele. I-Tarpans yayinamehlo ajule kakhulu, amacici amakhulu, intamo enkulu nezintambo ezimfushane, ezihamba kahle.
Umlando wokukhishwa kwamahhashi
Izazi zezilwane zingavumelani ngosuku lokuzalwa kwamahhashi. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi le nqubo iqala kusukela lapho abantu beqala ukulawula ukuzalana kwezihlobo nokuphindaphinda kwezilwane, kanti abanye bacabangela ukuguqulwa kwesakhiwo somhlathi wehhashi, okubangelwa umsebenzi ukuze kuzuze umuntu, ukubukeka kwamahhashi ezindaweni zokusebenza.
Ngokususelwa ekuhlaziyweni kokudoba emazinyo ezinkulungwane zamahhashi zasendulo, kanye nezinguquko empilweni yabantu ababezibandakanya ekuzaleni kwabo, amahhashi awakhiwa ekuqaleni kwe-4th millennium BC. i-er Izindwangu ezinjengezimpi zaseMpumalanga Yurophu nase-Asia zazingezokuqala ukusebenzisa amahhashi ngenhloso yokulwa.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi ungazala kanjani amahhashi ekhaya.
Ngo-1715 BC. i-er I-Hyksos, eyalinqoba iGibhithe, yayisebenzisa inqola egibele amahhashi etafuleni. Ngokushesha ukuthuthwa okunjalo kwaqala ukusetshenziswa ebuthweni lamaGreki asendulo. Eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezintathu ezalandela, injongo enkulu yehhashi kwakuyisizo ekuhambiseni impi. 
Ngokusetshenziswa kwesihlalo, abagibeli benza kube lula ukusebenzisa izakhi zejubane zesilwane. Izizwe zamaSkithe zenza izinqola zamahhashi, abahlukumezi baseMongolia basebenzisa izilwane ukuze banqobe iChina ne-India. AmaHuns, ama-Avars namaMagyars nawo ayehlasela iYurophu.
Phakathi neMinyaka Ephakathi, amahhashi aqala ukusetshenziselwa kwezolimo, lapho abe khona esikhundleni sezinkabi ezincane. Ukuze kuthunyelwe izimpahla zamakhadi nezimpahla ezihlukahlukene, kwakungasetshenziswa ama-ponies afaneleka kakhulu kulowo msebenzi. Ngokuthuthukiswa kwemigwaqo yamahhashi kwaba yindlela esemqoka yokuhamba eYurophu.
Ngakho, izilwane ezinamandla zisakaze cishe emhlabeni jikelele, zivumelanisa nezimo ezihlukahlukene. Izici ezandisa ukuthandwa kwamahhashi zikwazi ukuthutha imithwalo emikhulu, ukugijima ngokushesha, ikhono lokusinda ezimweni eziningi zezulu, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubukeka, ubuhle nomusa.
Inkathi eshintshiwe, ishintshe injongo yamahhashi. Kodwa, njengeminyaka eminingi edlule, ihhashi lomuntu akuyona nje indlela yokuhamba noma amandla okudonsa, kodwa nomngane othembekile.
