Izinkomo zanamuhla zenza kube lula ukuthola imikhiqizo ephakeme kakhulu isikhathi eside, futhi zibhekene nokuphikisana okuphezulu nezici ezihlukahlukene ezimbi. Enye yezokuhola kulokhu kubhekwa njengezinhlobo zezinkomo zesikhulu. Kulesi sihloko sizobheka ngokucophelela lokho okushiwo yi-monbellyards, nokuthi nendlela yokudala izimo ezifanele ukuze isilwane sikhule ngokuphumelelayo, sithuthukise futhi sikhiqize kahle.
Umlando wemvelaphi
Ukuzaliswa kwezilwane okunenjongo kwaqala ngekhulu le-18 eSwitzerland naseFrance. Abafundisi basendaweni basekhaya bazibekela umgomo wokuletha uhlobo olusha, olubhekene nokukhuthazela, ukungathobeki nokukhiqiza okwenyukayo. 
Ukuze benze lokhu, ababelethi bewela izinkomo zaseSwitzerland ezihamba nge-Alzani, i-motley ne-Sharolese. Umsebenzi wokubeletha waqhubeka iminyaka eyikhulu, ngemva kwalokho ngo-1889 e-World Exhibition (France) ukuqashelwa okusemthethweni kweMontbeliards kwenzeka.
Uyazi? Uhlobo lubukeka obuhle kunabo bonke phakathi kwezihlobo, yingakho i-monbellyards minyaka yonke iba yingxenye yamakhulu amavidiyo wokukhangisa ngobisi.
Namuhla, lezi zinkomo zibhekwa njengezizwe eziphambili kakhulu emhlabeni. Inani elikhulu labantu abagxile e-artiodactyl yasekhaya, eFrance. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhiqizwa okuphezulu kwalenkomo kwafaka isandla ekusakazeni kuwo wonke umhlaba kuyo yonke indawo, ngakho-ke izinkomo ze-monbellyards zitholakala ngobuningi eMelika, e-Afrika naseYurophu. 
Incazelo kanye nezici ezihlukile zohlobo
Njenganoma yiziphi ezinye izinhlobo, i-monbeliards inezici zobuntu nokubonakala okubonakalayo. Ngenxa yalokho, ngisho nomzalisi ongakulungeli angakwazi ukubona lesi silwane phakathi kwezinkulungwane zabanye. Ngaphezu kokusebenza okuhle kakhulu, le nkomo inotshani okumnandi kakhulu, kanye nokubukeka okubonakalayo.
Uyazi? Emashumini ambalwa adlule, izinkomo zeMontbeliard ziye zasetshenziselwa ukuwela abantu abangaphandle: lokhu kusiza ukwandisa umkhiqizo wezimvu ezizayo ngezindleko ezincane.
Ukubukeka nomzimba
I-Montbeliards ihlukaniswa yizici zangaphandle ezilandelayo:
- ikhanda - enkulu, ngokunwetshwa okuncane endaweni yezinto ezihamba phambili;
- bhala - enkulu, kodwa ehambisanayo, inezinkulumo ezijwayelekile zomzila wezinkomo zaseYurophu;
- izinhlangothi - ejulile;
- intamo - ubude obukhulu, obuphakathi;
- isifuba - ejulile, ngokuba izinkunzi ezivezwa yibandla elinamandla, elibanzi nelithuthukile;
- ukujula kwesifuba - 70-78 cm;
- ukucaciswa komzimba - elibushelelezi nenhle, elidala isilwane esihle-sokwemvelo kanye nokuzola (ukubuyela emuva, amahlombe amahlombe, imilenze eminyene nemisindo enkulu);
- croup - etholakala ngaphansi kokuncintisana okuncane, kuyilapho umgogodla ungaqhubeki;
- ukuphakama kumile - ngaphakathi kuka 140-150 cm, abesilisa bahlale bekhudlwana kunezinsikazi;
- ubude bomzimba - 160-165 cm;
- isisindo somzimba - ezinkomeni ezingu-800-1200 kg, izinkomo ezilinganiselwa ku-600-800 kg;
- udder - okwenziwe ngekomishi, isisekelo sembele siyizingqimba, phakathi kwekota ngayinye kukhona izingono ezibhekiswe ngaphakathi. Kunemithanjeni eminingi emgqeni;
- indawo yomdanso - ngenhla i-ham, ngemuva kwalokho umbele uphakeme kunaphambili;
- umsila - ubude obuphakathi;
- uboya - esifushane, esithambile, kodwa esinyene;
- i-suit - obomvu-motley, inkomo ingahlukaniswa nombala omhlophe wengxenye engezansi yomzimba, kanye nezindawo ezibomvu ezikhanyayo endaweni yangemuva. Inhloko imhlophe ngombala, futhi kukhona izindawo ezibonakalayo ezibomvu ezihlathini.
Kubalulekile! Isici esiyingqayizivele se-monbeliards yizingqamuzana eziqhakazile zamangqamuzana ama-pink noma ayisikhilimu, kanye nomsila omhlophe onogwaja omhlophe ophuzi.
Izinkomba Zokudla Nezilwane
Ama-Montbeliards ahlukaniswa nemikhiqizo yezilwane eziphezulu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izimo zokuboshwa kanye nesikhathi sonyaka.
Inani eliyinhloko lesilwane ubisi obuhle kakhulu. Yifanele kunoma iyiphi injongo kanye nezidingo zamakholishi, okwenza kube lula ukudala imikhiqizo ye-lactic acid ephezulu, nokusebenzisa ukulungiselela ezinye izitsha (ubisi, ubisi oluncibilikisiwe, njll). Futhi, okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwamaprotheni ngobisi nokuqukethwe okuphansi kwe-fat kwenza kube yinto engcono kakhulu ekukhiqizeni izimboni zobisi powder. 
Izinkomba zokukhiqiza eziyinhloko zenkomo lapho ubisi bukhula:
- ukukhiqiza kuphakeme;
- isikhathi sokulahlwa - izinsuku ezingu-300-305 ngonyaka;
- isilinganiso samabele waminyaka yonke - 7800-8500 amalitha;
- umthamo we-milk fat - 3.5-4%;
- inani lamaprotheni lingu-3.5%;
- ukunambitheka ubisi kumnene futhi kumnandi;
- umbala ubisi ubumhlophe, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kuncibilikiswa okuncane okomuncu kungabonwa.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nobisi lwezinkomo: ubuningi, okuqukethwe kwamanoni, ukwakheka, izinzuzo kanye nokulimaza, izindlela zokucubungula kanye nezinhlobo.
Inkomo ye-monbeliard iqhudelana kahle emakethe yenyama: inyama yayo iyayihlonipha ububele bayo, kanye nokunambitheka kwayo okuyingqayizivele. Yingakho inyama enjalo idlalwa njengomhlobiso omkhulu wetafula ezindaweni eziningi zokudlela ezinhle.
Izinkomba zokukhiqiza eziyinhloko zezinkomo zokudla inyama:
- izinga lokuthola isisindo liphakeme;
- ukwanda kwesisindo bukhoma ngosuku - 1.2-1.4 kg (kuye ngokuthi ukudla okunomsoco);
- ukukhipha imfucuza - cishe 54% izinkomo, cishe 58% ngezinkunzi;
- ibanga eliphakeme kakhulu lenyama;
- umbala wenyama ufana, ugcwele, kubantu abasha ngokuvamile uvomvu obomvu, ngokubomvu obomvu okuvuthiwe;
- iphunga lenyama elisha - elicebile, inyama, nephunga elimnandi lobisi;
- Izingxenye ezinamafutha enyama zimbalwa, cishe engekho.
Amandla nobuthakathaka
Izinzuzo eziyinhloko zohlobo:
- ukukhiqiza okuphezulu;
- amaphesenti aphansi amafutha emikhiqizo;
- izinga eliphezulu nobisi nobisi;
- ukungathobeki.
Izinkinga eziyinhloko zohlobo:
- isivuno esincane semikhiqizo yenyama;
- isidingo sokudla okusezingeni eliphezulu;
- ukumelana okuphansi kwezifo zonyaka kanye nezilonda ezithathelwanayo;
- izidingo ezikhulayo ezimweni zokuphila (kunokuba zithole izinkomo zangasese).
Uyazi? I-Montbeliard ingenye yezinhlobo ezimbalwa ezizobilisa ubisi obusetshenziselwa ukwenza izinhlayiya ezinhle ezinegama lendawo lapho zenziwe khona. Okuthandwa kakhulu kubo yi-Emmental ushizi, okhiqizwa esigodini soMfula i-Emme (eSwitzerland).
Ukunakekela nokondla ukudla
Njengezinye izilwane zasemapulazini, le nkomo idinga ukunakekelwa okuthile. Ukuze uthole isilwane esinempilo nesiphumelayo, kubalulekile ukudala izimo zokuphila ezifanele ze-monbeliards, kanye nokudla. 
Izidingo zegumbi
Ngokuvamile, i-monbeliards ayizithobeki ezimweni zokuboshwa, ngakho-ke lezi zilwane zingagcinwa ngokuphepha noma ezigciniwe ngabanye. Kodwa-ke, isakhiwo kumele sikhululekele kokubili isilwane kanye nabasebenzi.
Izidingo eziyisisekelo ekamelweni:
- Ukuphakama kufanele kube okungenani 2.5 m;
- ngaphakathi kwelakhethi kumele kube ukuhlukaniswa okucacile kwesikhala somhlinzeki, isitifiketi nensimu yesitokisi;
- i-attic enkulu kufanele inikezwe ophahleni (ukugcina ukushisa ngesikhathi sasebusika);
- indawo ewindwangu akufanele ibe ngaphansi kuka-10% wendawo yonke ephansi, ngaphandle kwalokho ukungabi khona kokukhanyisa kungabangela izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-pathologies;
- umthamo wephansi kumamitha owodwa okugijima akufanele udlule u-2 cm;
- iphansi kumele libe yindlala futhi lenziwe ngezinto zokukhonkolo eziqinisiwe - lokhu kuzokwenza kube lula ukuhlanza umcengezi kusuka kumquba.
Funda indlela yokwakha inqolobane yezinkomo ngezandla zakho, kanye nendlela yokwenza isiteji emgodini.
Izinkomo eziningi kakhulu zigcinwa esiteji., ubukhulu bayo kufanele buhambelane ncamashi nobukhulu bezilwane ngokwayo - kuphela kulokhu kuzothola induduzo edingekayo futhi izimo zokuhlanzeka zokugcina zizohlangana. Ukuphakama kwesakhiwo kumele kube ngu-10-15 cm ubude kunokuphakama kwesilwane, nobude, ngokuphambene nalokho, buyi-5-15 cm emifushane, kanti ububanzi be-stall kumele bube ngaphansi kwe-1 imitha. Ngakho-ke, isivinini kufanele sinikeze okungenani amamitha ayi-2-2.2 square. m of space free. Ngaphambi kwesitembu uhlomisa u-chute udoti ukuguqula umquba kusuka ekamelweni. 
Abondla nabaphuzi bafakwe eduze kwesiteji ngasinye. Kumele kwenziwe ngezinsimbi eziqinile ezingasetshenziswa ngokungavikelekile kalula (izinkuni eziqinile, ukhonkolo oqinisiwe, izitini, insimbi). Ububanzi bomphakeli kufanele bube ngu-60 cm, ubude - hhayi ngaphansi kuka-70 cm. Ukuphakama kwengxenyeni yangemuva kufanele okungenani kube ngu-60 cm, futhi ubhekane nenkomo - cishe ngo-30 cm. Izakhiwo ezinjalo zivame ukufakwa phansi noma endaweni encane ngaphezu kwephansi (cishe 30 cm). Izitsha zokuphuza zihlezi eduze kommbila, ezamukelekayo kakhulu ngamathangi ensimbi ngayinye enomthamo okungenani ama-30-40 amalitha. Bafake ngaphesheya komngcele wesiphakeli, ekuphakameni okungaba ngu-50 cm ukusuka phansi.
Kubalulekile! Ehlangothini langaphambili lomgogodla, kufanele kube nentamo ejikelezayo cishe ngo 10 cm. Lokhu kuzosiza ukugwema ukulimala entanyeni yenkomo ngesikhathi sokudla.
Ukuqinisekisa izimo zangasese ezihlanzekile ngaphakathi kwenqolobane kufanele njalo zihlinzekwe phansi. Ngokuvamile kulezi zinhloso zisetshenziselwa utshani obungasendle. Lezo zinto kufanele zivunwe kuphela ezindaweni ezizungezile zemvelo ukuze kugweme ukulimala umzimba wezilwane. Endabeni yezindlu ezingekho, i-flooring inikezwa kuphela endaweni yokulala ubusuku, kanti ukugcina imfuyo emibhedeni ejulile ihlanganisa yonke isikhala samahhala ne-hay. Ubukhulu balolu hlu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi luhlobo luni lokufuyelwa kwemfuyo, akufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-10-15 cm. 
Ungakhohlwa ngezidingo zalolu hlobo ku-microclimate efanelekile. Inkomo idinga amakamelo afudumele, ahlanzekile futhi aphephile. I-Montbeliards ayibekezelele amaqhwa ahlala njalo, umbuso wokushisa ofanele kakhulu ehlobo ubhekwa njengama + 20-25 ° С, ebusika - hhayi ngaphansi kuka-10 ° С. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kubalulekile ukuhlinzeka ngokufudumala okwengeziwe kwegumbi, futhi, uma kungenzeka, uhlelo lokushisa.
Izinkomo azibekezelelani umswakama owedlulele, ngakho umswakama emgodini kufanele ugcinwe ngaphakathi kuka 40-70%. Lungisa isibonakaliso ngosizo lwemigodi yokuphuza umoya noma uhlelo lokuqhuma umoya. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, iziklomelo ze-monbellyards ziphikisana, ngoba ukwehla okusheshayo ekushiseni kungabangela ukushisa okwesikhashana ezilwaneni. I-ventilation kufanele yenziwe ngokusakazwa noma ngokusebenzisa izinhlelo zokukhipha amandla.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nezinkomo: amaqiniso athakazelisayo, izici eziphilayo, i-anatomy, izisekelo zokuzalanisa emkhakheni wangasese.
Ukuhlanza inqolobane
Ukuhlanza emgodini kwenziwa nsuku zonke, ekuseni nakusihlwa, ngezindlu ezingekho, ukuhlanzwa kwenziwa izikhathi ezintathu ngosuku. Kodwa-ke, uma ukugcinwa kwezinkabi kwenziwa ngokusetshenziswa kwamasu okudoba okujulile, ukwanda kokuhlanza kuncishisiwe. Kulesi simo, umquba uvunwa okungenani isikhathi esisodwa ngenyanga. Ngenxa yalezi zinhloso, amafoloji epulazi noma ama-scrapers akhethekile asetshenziswayo. Umquba uyabuyiselwa emanzini angaphambi kokuhlonywa, okuvela kuwo okuqhubekayo. Kodwa uma zinganikezwa, izintambo zihanjiswa emotweni noma emathunjini. 
Ngibeka imibhede entsha emgodini nsuku zonke, ekuseni noma kusihlwa, kodwa, uma kunesidingo, ukwandisa inani labafaka endaweni. Abaphuzi kanye nabanakekeli nabo bahlanzwa nsuku zonke, ngaphambi kokugcwaliswa komunye ngamunye. Ukuze wenze lokhu, susa noma yiziphi izinsalela noma ukungcola kuzo, bese uzigeza kahle ngamanzi ahlanzekile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo sebenzisa izipanji, amabhulashi nezinye izinto zokuhlanza izilwane. Kanye ngenyanga, ukuvuna okujwayelekile kwesiteleka nokuqukethwe kwalo kuyenziwa.: lokhu, sonke isikhala sangaphakathi, kubandakanya abaxhasi nabaphuza, kuhlanzwa kahle ngamanzi asozini.
Ngezikhathi ezithile, inqolobane futhi idinga ukukhipha ukushiswa kwemithi, kwenziwa:
- ngesimiso, isikhathi esingu-1 emavikini angu-8-10;
- ngaphambi kokudluliselwa emgodini wamathole amancane;
- ngaphambi kokuqala kwesikhathi sokugcina;
- izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuthola.
Inqubo yenziwa ngemuva kokuhlanzwa jikelele kwendawo yonke. Ngenxa yalokhu, izindonga, phansi, abaphakeli, abaphuza kanye nezinye izingxenye zangaphakathi ziphathwa ngezixazululo ze-disinfectant. Ngokuvamile kulezi zinhloso zisebenzisa 4% i-caustic soda, isisombululo se-formaldehyde esingu-2%, no-3% we-chlorine elineziphuzo. Kulesi simo, izinga lokugeleza kwamanzi okusebenza kufanele libe okungenani 0.5 l / sq. Ngemuva kokwelashwa, igumbi ligcinwe amahora amathathu, bese zonke izinto ezifakwe i-disinfected zihlanza kahle ngamanzi ahlanzekile.
Kubalulekile! Uma usebenzisa ama-disinfecting agents asekelwe ku-formaldehyde, kunconywa ukuthi ngokungeziwe kuhlanzeke izakhiwo kusuka emalini we-compounds half-life of the substance. Ngalolu daba, sebenzisa isisombululo se-ammonia ka-25% emtheni ofana nesilinganiso sokuqala se-disinfectant esetshenzisiwe.
Ukudla nokuphuza
I-Montbeliards idinga ukudla okhethekile: kufanele iqukethe uhla lonke lwazo zonke izinhlobo zezakhi ezihlinzeka kokubili ukukhula kwe-muscle ngokushesha nokulahla okuphephile nokuhlala njalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukudla okunjalo kumele kufakwe ngendlela elula kalula - kulokhu kuphela, kuyokwazi ukufezekisa ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo yemfuyo efanayo kanye nekhwalithi eliphezulu. 
Ngokuhlelekile, ukudla okunempilo kwenkomo kungahlukaniswa kulezi zinhlobo zokudla okulandelayo:
- ezinotshani - utshani obuluhlaza kanye nezimila zezitshalo, isiliva, izimpande zezitshalo;
- ezinzima - hay, utshani, umquba;
- kugxile - ukukhiqizwa kokudoba, ukudla okusanhlamvu;
- kuhlangene - okuphakelayo neminye imikhiqizo yemvelaphi yezimboni;
- izilwane - imfucuza kanye nemikhiqizo yemikhiqizo yenyama kanye nobisi.
Sikukwazisa ukuthi ufunde ngokudla izinkomo emadlelweni nasekubusika ngezinkomo.
Ezimweni eziningi, izinkomo zondliwa ngokuphathelene nomkhiqizo wokukhiqiza izilwane - ngale njongo, izinhlobo ezimbili zokudla zihlukile:
- ubisi isiqondiso - isisekelo sokudla okunjalo ukudla okunomsoco kanye namanzi, hhayi ngaphansi kuka-60% we-mass mass. Ukudla okuhlangene nokuhlangene kusetshenziswa njengomthombo wamaprotheni kulokhu kudla, isabelo sabo kufanele sibe ngu-30%. Ukwengeza, izinkomo zondliwa ngokudla kwesilwane, inani laso akufanele lidlule u-10% we-mass inani;
- inyama isiqondiso - njengoba ukudla okuyinhloko yenkomo yenkomo kusetshenziselwa ukondla okugxilisiwe, inani labo akufanele libe ngaphansi kuka-50% wokudla konke. Ukudla okunomsoco kanye nama-coarse ekudleni okunjalo akufanele kube ngaphezu kuka-20-30%, futhi inani lokuhlanganiswa - okungenani ngu-15%. Imikhiqizo yezilwane kulokhu kudla ngokuvamile ayidluli u-5-10% we-mass inani lokudla.
Yondla izinkomo okungenani izikhathi ezintathu ngosuku. Ukudla okuyinhloko kusetshenziswa nsuku zonke, ukudla okungeziwe kuqaliswa ekudleni izikhathi ezingu-1-2 ngosuku, futhi imikhiqizo yezilwane isetshenziselwa ukondla okungaphezulu kuka-1-2 izikhathi ngesonto. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukugaya ukudla nokusiza ekudleni, ama-bean ahlukahlukene ayalungiswa: kulokhu, yonke imikhiqizo ingaphansi kombuso ofanelwe.Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lactation efanele futhi enempilo, izinkomo zidinga iningi nsuku zonke amanzi fresh futhi ahlanzekile. Ngalesi silwane kufanele unikeze ngamalitha angaba ngu-60 oketshezi ngekhanda ngalinye ngosuku. Uma ukhula izinkomo nezinkomo zenkomo, inani lamanzi lokudla lingancishiswa libe ngu-40-50 amalitha ekhanda ngalinye ngosuku, kodwa akuvunyelwe ukuba ukoma izinkomo ezinomile.
Funda futhi ngezinhlobo zezinkomo inyama nezindawo zobisi: Simmental, Holstein, Alatau, Bestuzhev, Brown brown, Krasnogorbatov, Schwyck.
Ividiyo: izinkomo zaseMontbeliard
I-Montbeliard iyizinhlobo zenkomo zanamuhla ezikhiqizayo kakhulu. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi liphethwe emashumini ambalwa eminyaka edlule, ukubaluleka kwalo akulahlekile kuze kube yilolu suku. Okokuqala, lokhu kubangelwa ukuthi izilwane zihlukaniswa nokukhiqiza okuphezulu, kanye nemikhiqizo ephezulu kanye nemikhiqizo yobisi. Ukuze uwuthole ngokugcwele, kubalulekile ukunikeza izilwane izimo ezifanele zezindlu, kuhlanganise nokudla okunempilo nokucebile.
