U-Actinidia (Actinidia) uyi-liana enamandla yomndeni wakwa-Aktinid. I-actinidia enomnandi i-kiwi exotic, i-original, i-juicy, ehlwabusayo, isithelo esihle eRussia sekuyisikhathi eside ithandwa yizingane kanye nabantu abadala. Namhlanje, la majikijolo awakwazi ukuthengwa kuphela, kodwa akhule endaweni yakhe siqu, njengoba kunezinhlobo ezifanele isimo sezulu saseNorthern Palmyra.
Uyazi? Kunezinguqulo ezimbili zomsuka wegama elithi Actinidia. NgesiGreki, i-actinidia isho ukuthi "ray", ngesiLatin - "i-asterisk". Futhi yahamba ngenxa yama-ovaries angavamile okwakhiwa kwesitshalo, esesimo esifana nenye inkanyezi ekhazimulayo, noma i-sunbeam ekhanyayo.
Actinidia: incazelo ejwayelekile
U-Actinidia uyi-liana shrub eneziqu ze-curly nezithelo zezithelo. I-rind yamajikijolo kanzima kodwa encane, ingaba nombala ohlukile - ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka-ophuzi, ophuzi-orange, onobukhulu obunesihlabathi, obomvu noma obomvu. Amajikijolo ayiphunga elimnandi, ashukela, anezinhlobo eziningi, enama-oval-oblong, ahlangene emaphethelweni noma ahlotshisiwe, awadli kuzo zonke izinhlobo. Izithelo isisindo - kusuka ku-2 kuya ku-28 g. Amaqabunga ahlaza, aphelele, aqoshiwe-aqoshiwe, ahlanganiswe phezulu phezulu.
Uyazi? Ngokuphelele, izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-70 ze-actinidia ziyaziwa. Ezimweni zemvelo, zikhula ikakhulukazi eMpumalanga naseNingizimu Asia, eMpumalanga Ekude.
Izinhlobo zokutshala i-actinidia esifundeni saseLeningrad
Naphezu kokuthi i-actinidia ithathwa ngokuthi "yintshonalanga", ukutshala kwayo esifundeni saseLeningrad kuphumelele kakhulu namuhla.
Kuyakwazi lokho ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19 leminyaka lama-20, i-actinidia isivele ikhule ePetersburg nasezindaweni zayo, Nokho, ezindaweni zokugcina zokugcina nezitshalo zezitshalo. Futhi ema-30s. ekhulwini elidlule, izinhlobo zokuqala zama-frost anti-frost anti-frozen acidini, ezenzelwe isimo sezulu sethu, zakhiwe. Umsebenzi wokususwa kwawo wenziwa ngumfuyi odumile I.V. Michurin. Umsebenzi wokubeletha uyaqhubeka futhi manje abalandeli bakhe - ososayensi baseRussia banamuhla, abalimi.
Kubalulekile! Okuhle kunabo bonke, izinhlobo ze-actinidia ezigqwetshiwe ngabathengi basekhaya zithatha izimpande futhi zithele izithelo - izinhlobo zangaphandle akuzona ubusika-ziqinile ngokwanele esifundeni saseLeningrad.
"Kufanelekile"
Izithelo isisindo - 2-2.5 g. Ukunambitheka kumnandi nge ukunambitheka okungaqondakali okumuncu. Okuqukethwe kwevithamini C - 1100-1155 mg / 100 g, okuqukethwe kokushukela - 7.5-7.7%.
Kubalulekile! Izinhlobo eziningi ze-actinidia ziyi-dioecious. Lokhu kusho ukuthi udinga ukuhlwanyela kokubili amafomu ezitshalo zesilisa nabesilisa ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ngama-4-5 ama-female specimens, owesilisa oyedwa uyanele.
"Leningradskaya"
Njengoba sekubekwe umgomo wokutshala i-actinidia esifundeni saseLeningrad, umphumela ophumelelayo wokukhethwa kwawo wawubizwa nge-actinidia "Leningradskaya". Lokhu kuyinhlobonhlobo ephezulu yokumelana nesithwathwa, inkulu-fruited - berry isisindo 5-6 g Amajikijolo - anuka iphunga eliqhubekayo le-ananas, ovate-spherical, ushukela - 14% ushukela, okuqukethwe kuka-vitamin C - 1414 mg / 100 g.
I-VIR-1
Izinhlobonhlobo zavuthwa futhi zikhulile esiteshini seVIR (Yonke-Union Institute of Industry Industry, Leningrad Region, Pavlovsk), njengezinye izinhlobo eziningi, ngakho igama. Isisindo se-Berry - 4.1-5 g. Okuqukethwe kwevithamini C - 1000-1045 mg / 100 g, okuqukethwe kokushukela - 10-10.7%.
Uyazi? Izinzuzo zezinhlobo zaseRussia ze-actinidia ezingaphezu kwamanye amazwe azikona nje ekumenyeni okubandayo okubandayo, kodwa nasezithelo ezinkulu, isivuno esingcono, okuqukethwe okuyishukela, ama-aromas acebile amajikijolo nokunethezeka kokunambitheka.
"Pavlovskaya"
Olunye uhlobo oluthile luvulwa ngesisekelo se-All-Union Institute of Plant Industry. Isisindo somswakama - 2.8-3.4 g, ukuma - okuxubile okuxubile, ukunambitheka okumnandi nokumuncu. Iphunga i-apula. I-peel iyinhlobo eluhlaza oketshezi olunemibala ende yombala okhanyayo. I-Vitamin C - 1500-1547 mg / 100 g, okuqukethwe kokushukela - 11.5-11.8%.
"Ukunqoba"
I-Actinidia yalezi zinhlobonhlobo iphelele esifundeni saseLeningrad. Kuyindlela ehlukahlukene eyenziwe kahle, eyakhayo, ebusika. Amajikijolo - 2.5-3 g, ukunambitheka okumuncu, nephunga elimnandi. Isilinganiso sokulinganisa - phakathi no-Agasti. Okuqukethwe kwevithamini C - 500-700 mg / 100 g, ushukela - kufika ku-12%.
"Gourmand"
Izinhlobonhlobo ze-srednerosly, ukuvuthwa okuphakathi - ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti. Izithelo - eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ezicindezelwe ezinhlangothini, iberry elikhulu-fruited - 3.2-5.2 g, ithenda, elimnandi nelomuncu. I-Aroma - i-ananas, okuqukethwe kosawoti - 12.5%, i-vitamin C - kufika ku-1600 mg / 100 g
"Ushukela"
Izinhlobonhlobo zukuvuthwa okuphakathi (ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti), ezinkulu-ezifutshiwe. Isisindo se-Berry - 2.8-3 g. Isikhumba somthunzi omnyama ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka obumnyama obukhulu. Ukunambitheka kumnandi-okumnandi (ngezinye izikhathi kuya emaphethelweni onqenqemeni), iphunga libizwa ngokuthi i-strawberry.
Uyazi? U-Actinidia ensimini akagcini nje amajikijolo enempilo futhi ahlwabusayo, kodwa futhi umhlobiso waleso sakhiwo. Izitshalo zaso ezimbi, ezingenangqondo, izimbali ezihle kakhulu noma amahlamvu ambala kuyoba zibukeka zikhulu ngokwabo futhi zihlangene nanoma yiziphi ezinye izimila - izihlahla, izihlahla, izimbali. I-Actinidia ihlotshaniswa namawashi, izicingo, iziqhumane ze-gazebos, izandiso nezindlu - lokhu kuyisimangalo esivamile esivamile.
"Umkhosi"
Le-actinidia ivame ukutholakala esifundeni saseLeningrad. Inembewu enhle kakhulu yokuhluma kanye nokusinda kwe-cuttings. I-peel i-gray-green. Izithelo - ezincane - 1.6-1.7 g, i-conical, oblong. Iphunga eliyi-strawberry. Okuqukethwe kwevithamini C - 1500-1525 mg / 100 g, okuqukethwe kokushukela - 13.8-14%.
Uyazi? Izithelo ze-actinidia zidliwe zisha, zomisiwe, zenzele ama-compotes, ama-jellies, ama-jellies, ama-jams, alondoloza, ahlwithwe ushukela.
"Fantasy"
Izinhlobonhlobo zakuqala. Amajikijolo anephunga lika-ananasol of shape conical, elongated. Ikhasi - oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ne-rozovinka kanye nemigqa yokukhanya yesikhathi eside. Imisa - 3-4 g. Ukunambitheka kumnandi futhi kumuncu. Okuqukethwe kwevithamini C - 1800-1900 mg / 100 g, okuqukethwe kokushukela - 14-14,4%.
Izici zokutshala i-actinidia esifundeni saseLeningrad
U-Actinidia akadingi amasu akhethekile okulima endaweni yesifunda saseLeningrad, kodwa Ukufika kwalo kungenzeka ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo nasekwindla yokuqala. Batshalwe ekusekeleni - kungaba ngumuthi, ucingo, udonga, izitebhisi ngokukhethekile, izintambo ezinzima noma inetha elikhulu elivikelayo. Njengoba lesi sitshalo sikhula, udinga ukuyibopha kancane kancane ekusekeleni, khona-ke iyoqinisa, ikhule futhi ijikeleze ngokuzenzekelayo.
Ku-actinidia, ukugeleza okuhle kubalulekile futhi inhlabathi ifakwe kahle uma itshalwe. Umquba, ama-humus, ahlanganiswe ngo-1: 1 isilinganiso nesihlabathi noma inhlabathi evuliwe isetshenziswa njengomanyolo. Le nhlanganisela iswakanyiswe futhi isakazwe ngendunduma phansi komgodi, njengoba yayifake ngaphambilini ngamatshe, izitini eziphukile, ukuchithwa. Bafaka umshini wokugcoba, bewuncike ekusekelweni, bawugubungele ngomhlabathi (ngaphandle kokuwuncipha kakhulu), uwuthulule bese uwuthambisa.
Kubalulekile! Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ngisho ne-actinidia engenamakhaza angafa ngehla lokushisa, okwenza ngezinye izikhathi ebusika nasekuseni kwentwasahlobo. Emthonjeni, isitshalo singase siqale sikhule ngaphambi kwesikhathi, futhi sife ngesithwathwa esilandelayo.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ekutshaleni i-actinidia akuyona ngisho nokutshala nokukhathalela, kodwa izithombo kanye nezinhlobo ezikhethiwe kahle, zithatha izimpande esifundeni saseLeningrad
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukungenzi iphutha ekukhetheni ezihlukahlukene. - uthathe izinhlobo zezinhlobo zasebusika-eziqinile futhi, ngokuqinisekile, ucabangela ukudilika kwemivini, izitshalo zezitshalo zombili zobulili. Ukunakekela kuhlanganisa ukugqoka, ukusika futhi ukuchelela ngesikhathi. U-Actinidia uvame ukuphelelwa entwasahlobo, emva kokuthi "ukushiswa kwe-hibernation" futhi nje ngaphambi kokusila. Isibonelo, i-superphosphate ihlanjululwe emanzini (30g / 10 l amanzi) noma i-ash ash (250-300 g yesitshalo esisodwa) isetshenziswa. Ukunisela - njengoba kumile, ukugwema ukungcola kwenhlabathi namanzi aphelile. Ukudubula kwenziwa kuphela ekwindla - unqume wonke amagatsha abagulayo, abonakalisiwe.
Uma unesithakazelo ekuthengeni nasekuhlaleni i-actinidia, kungcono ukuthenga izithombo ezithombeni. Lokhu kuzosusa ithuba lokuphutha lapho utshala izivini zesilisa nezinduna, okubalulekile ukuze kutholakale i-fruiting. Uma utshala i-actinidia yobulili obufanayo, ngeke kube khona ukuvuna.
