Incazelo kanye nokutshala utamatisi "Uthando LwaseMhlabeni" ukuze kuvuleke phansi

Ngezinye izikhathi kunzima ukuqala balimi nabalimi ukuba banqume ngezinhlobonhlobo zemifino ezoba nezinkomba ezinhle kakhulu - izithelo eziphezulu, ukumelana nezifo nokungathobeki kwezimo zezulu. Kulesi sihloko, sizocubungula izinhlobonhlobo zezotamatisi ngegama lothando lomhlaba. Izici zezinhlobonhlobo, izinkomba zokukhiqiza, kanye nokucaciswa kokulima - ngokuningiliziwe kulesi sihloko.

Incazelo ehlukahlukene

Lezi zinhlobonhlobo ziyizinhlobo zezitshalo ze-shtambovy - iqembu lamatamatisi amancane futhi anamandla angomndeni waseSolanaceae. Ukubonakala kwezitshalo ezinjalo kuhlangene: uhlelo lwempande olungaphili kahle, ukungabi khona kwamagatsha amakhulu ase-lateral, ubukhulu obufushane kanye nokutholakala kwezithelo ezinkulu.

Uthando lwasemhlabeni luhlobo oluthile lwetamatisi olwenza ngokugcwele izithelo ngamalanga angu-95 kusukela ngesikhathi sokutshala.

Izinhlobonhlobo zinezici ezinjalo izici zangaphandle:

• izithelo - ezinkulu, ezinamanzi, umbala obomvu ogcwele obumnyama, ngaphandle kwesisekelo esiluhlaza, isakhiwo esizungezile, sinomthelela omuncu kunomsoco omnandi, omnandi kakhulu;
• isitshalo - kuze kube ngu-120 cm ubude, iningi, i-compact, ayinamagatsha amaningi asakaza;
• amaqabunga - ubukhulu obuphakathi, obumnyama, obunzima;
• ukuhlehlisa, ukwehla, ukuxhuma;
• i-inflorescence - elula, nge-axis efinyeziwe.

Hlola incazelo nezinhlayiyana zezitshalo ze-tomato ezinjenge-"Little Red Riding Hood", "i-Riddle", i- "Masha F1 Doll", "Gina", "Aphrodite f1", "Labrador", "Samara", "Bokele F1", "Kiss i-geraniums, iLyubasha, i-Kaspar, i-King of the Early, i-Alsou, i-Skorospelka, i-Aelita Sanka, umama omkhulu, i-Bokele, i-Ladies 'iminwe.

Izakhiwo ezinhle ezihlukahlukene zihlanganisa:

• ukuzithoba;
• ukunambitha okuhle kakhulu;
• ukwakheka kwangaphambili nokuvuthwa kwezithelo;
• ukumelana nokushisa okushisa;
• izithelo ezinkulu ezinomsoco ezihamba phambili zokuhamba noma ukusawoti ebusika;
• izinga elihle lomkhiqizo;
• ovary fast and friendly.

Kodwa izinsalela zezinhlobonhlobo zothando olufakiwe zihlanganisa isivuno esincane kakhulu - kufika ku-6 kg kusuka esihlahleni esisodwa. Ngakho-ke, ukulima kwalokhu okuhlukahlukene akusizi ngalutho kwizinga elikhulu lezimboni.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindawo ezimbi zamatamatisi yizi:

• I-fragility, fragility ye-stem nesidingo sokuhlanganisa;
• isidingo sokondla okwanele phakathi nesikhathi semifino;
• ayifanele ukulima ngaphandle.

Naphezu kokutholakala kwezimo ezinjalo futhi ukuthi lezi zilwane zivele zanda nje (zavuswa yizintatheli zaseRussia ngo-2009), kuyathandwa kakhulu. Namuhla ikhule ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo hhayi kuphela eRussia, kodwa futhi nase-Ukraine, eBelarus, eMoldova nasezingxenyeni zaseNtshonalanga Yurophu.

Sikukwazisa ukuba ujwayele izinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu zokunambitheka, ukuqala, ukuphakama okuphakeme, ukukhula okuncane nokuphikisana nobutamatisi obulimazayo.

Uthe utamatisi owande kangaka wawubangelwa ukuvuthwa kwawo ekuqaleni - izici zayo ezihlukile kanye nezici eziyinhloko.

Izimpikiswano ezihlukahlukene kanye nomsebenzi wokuthola isivuno ngangokunokwenzeka - ngalesi sikhathi izindleko zemifino emakethe ziphezulu kakhulu, futhi lokhu okuhlukahlukene, ngenxa yokunambitheka kwayo nokuvuthwa kokuqala, kunokuncintisana.

Uyazi? Izithelo ze-utamatisi, kusukela ekubukeni kwe-botany, zingama-berries esithembu. Ngenxa yokuthi ngesiNgisi azikho ukuhluka okuhlukile phakathi kwemigomo ethi "izithelo" nesithelo ", utamatisi eMelika sekuyisikhathi eside ibizwa ngokuthi izithelo. Kwakuphela ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 ukuthi inhlangano ephakeme kunazo zonke yombuso wezwe, iNkantolo Ephakeme, yaqaphela ukuthi utamatisi imifino, ngoba ayinakusiza ukudla okunomsoco, kodwa kwasemini (nakuba kugcizelelwe ukuthi ematamatisi ama-botany kubhekwa njengamajikijolo): kusukela ngaleso sikhathi umkhuba umsebenzi wezotamatisi waqala ukukhokhiswa njengemifino, hhayi izithelo.

Izithelo nezivuno

Ukuvuthwa okusheshayo kwezithelo zezinhlobonhlobo Uthando Lomhlaba lungenzeka kuphela ezimweni zokushisa, nasemhlabathini ovulekile - kuphela ezindaweni eziseningizimu (eCrimea, eCaucasus, njll). Emazweni anesimo sezulu esifudumele, ukulima kungenzeka kuphela ezindaweni zokugcina amafilimu.

Ngezansi kunezinhlinzeko okudingeka wazi uma ukhula lo utamatisi:

• isivuno: ngisho nokunakekelwa okuhle, kuphela kufike ku 6-7 kg;
• Isikhathi sokuvuthwa: emva kwezinsuku ezingu-95-100 kusukela ngosuku lokuduka;
• ubungako bezithelo: okuphakathi, kufika ku-250 g, kuze kube ngu-6 cm ububanzi, zonke izithelo ziye, njengokubusa, isimo nesimo esifanayo - lokhu kwandisa ukuthandwa kwabo phakathi kwezinye izinhlobo zezotamatisi;
• Ukuthutha: izithelo ezinhle kakhulu ezivuthiwe azipheli, unesikhumba esinyene esingashiyi amantombazane ngokucindezela okuncane;
• Indlela yokusetshenziswa: efanelekile ukuvuna isikhathi sasebusika, uma ukugcoba, ukugaya kanye nokukhetha izithelo kungabhidli, kugcina ukuma kwayo kahle, kusetshenziselwa ukushayela ama-salads ahlukahlukene, ama-stews nama-casseroles.

Naphezu kokuvuthwa kokuqala, utamatisi uyakwazi ukuthatha izinto eziwusizo kakhulu: izakhi zamakhemikhali ezinamakhomithamini amaqembu B, D, C, macronutrients (calcium, magnesium, sodium, phosphorus), izakhi zokulandelela (manganese, molybdenum, iron, iodine), ushukela nesitashi.

Ukukhethwa kwezithombo

Ukuze uthole isivuno esihle, kudingeka ucabange ngokucophelela ukukhethwa kwezithombo ngokwazo: cishe u-70% wezithelo ezikhule zixhomeke ekutheni izithombo zihle kangakanani.

Okudingayo ukwazi uma ukhetha nokuthenga izithombo zalezi zihlukahlukene:

1. Isikhathi sokuthenga - kuze kube maphakathi no-May. Ngosuku olulandelayo, izimbali nama-ovari azovela ezitshalweni - ngalesi sikhathi azikwazi ukutshala.
2. Khumbula: izithombo ngezimbali, nokunye okuningi nge-ovary, azifanelekile ukutshala kabusha. Uma ngesizathu esithile kufanele uthenge izithombo ngezimbali, kufanele ususe izimbali ngaphambi kokutshala emhlabathini.
3. Ukukhula kweminyaka - kuze kube yizinsuku ezingu-30.
4. Isiqu kufanele sibe namandla futhi siphelele (kungabi ngaphansi kobunzima bepensela). Amaqabunga kufanele abe ngaphandle kwemonakalo, umbala ofanelwe futhi ogcweleyo, uhlelo lwempande - olwenziwe kahle, ngaphandle kokulimala nokubola, kodwa alukhulu kakhulu.
5. Imbewu efanelekayo Uthando Umhlaba - yizimbewu ezincane (kuze kufike ku-10 cm) ezine-stem eqinile, amaqabunga ama-5-8 futhi ngaphandle kwe-ovary.

Qaphela ngokucophelela imbewu lapho uthenga: uma kukhona isikhunta ezimpandeni, ukubola, ukulimala komshini - le mboni akufanelekile ukuthenga. Ungakhohlwa ukuhlola isithombo sokuba khona kwamaqanda ezinambuzane: uma leli qabunga lithemba, likhubazekile, liphihliwe, futhi likhona izindawo ezimnyama esitsheni, lokhu kuyisibonakaliso sokuqala kwesifo esithathelwanayo esitshalweni.

Uma uphawule noma yisiphi isibonakaliso sesifo sesithombo, kungcono ukuthi ungathathi ezinye izithombo kulo mthengisi: cishe zonke izithombo nazo zizosulelwa.

Kubalulekile! Ngezinye izikhathi abalimi basebenzisa umanyolo omkhulu we-nitrogen umquba wokutshala isithombo - lokhu kukuvumela ukuba uthuthukise ngokuphawulekayo ukukhula kwezithombo bese uphumelela ukuncintisana emakethe. Kodwa-ke, ukugcwala okunjalo kwesitshalo esinomuthi wamakhemikhali kuyathinta ukunambitheka nokubunjwa kwamakhemikhali kwesitshalo esizayo. Qaphela: amaqabunga aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka wezithombo ezithintekayo yizinkomba zomanyolo onjalo nge nitrogen.

Ukuze uqiniseke ngokuphelele ngekhwalithi yezithombo, kungcono ukukhula ngokwakho. Kuzo zonke ezinye izimo, thola izithombo kuphela kubathengisi abathembekile abanganikeza ulwazi olunzulu kuyo yonke imibuzo yakho.

Khumbula: izithombo zikhona izimpahla ezincane, ngakho-ke umthengisi unesithakazelo ekuthengiseni ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Qaphela lapho ukhetha isitshalo, unganqikazi ukuhlola ngokucophelela izithombo bese ubuza imibuzo mayelana nokuhlukahluka, isikhathi sokutshala, izimo lapho izithombo zikhule khona, njll.

Izimo ezikhulayo

Njengoba sekushiwo kakade, lezi zihlukahlukene kufanelekile ukulima, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo.

Ukuze utamatisi, lezi zimo ezilandelayo ziyadingeka:

1. Ukushisa Ukusebenza okuhle kokukhula okusheshayo kufanele kube ngaphakathi kuka-18-20 ° C. Khumbula ukuthi ngosuku olusenyakatho, izinga lokushisa lokushisa kwefilimu liyi-12-15 degrees ephakeme kunaphandle, futhi kuguqukile - ama-4-7 degrees. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukucabangela lapho ukhula utamatisi: ukushisa okunzima kakhulu kubangelwa njengeqhwa, ngakho-ke kudingekile ukushisa i-greenhouse ngokususa kancane ifilimu. Ikhava lefilimu ye-polyethylene libhekene nokuphakama okuphezulu okushisa imisebe, ngakho ebusuku ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo kukhona ukwehla okuqinile emazingeni okushisa - ebusuku ubusuku nemidwebo emgwaqweni alikho ngaphezu kwama-degree amabili. Ngakho-ke, ekushiseni okuphansi kakhulu, i-greenhouse iyatholakala ngaphezu kwe-burlap, indwangu noma iphepha elikhulu.
2. Umswakama Kufanele kube ngu-50-60%. Ukwanda komswakama kuze kube ngu-80-85% kungalimaza isitshalo: ukuqhuma njalo kuzoqeda ingozi enjalo.
3. Ukunisela Kumele kube njalo, kodwa hhayi okuningi. Kusukela ngesikhathi sokuphuza i-greenhouse ayikwazi ukuhanjiswa amahora angu-16-18 - ngalesi sikhathi ukuqhuma kwangaphakathi kwenzeka.Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi emazingeni aphansi okushisa ngaphandle: emva kokuchelela, amafomu e-condensate ku-ifilimu ngendlela yobuncwane obuncane bamanzi, okunciphisa ukudlulisa ukushisa. Emva kwamahora angu-20-24 kusukela ngesikhathi sokuchelela, i-greenhouse kumele ivuleke.
4. Ukukhanyisa. Izinhlobonhlobo zithando lokushisa, ngakho-ke ezinsukwini ezinamafu (ikakhulukazi uma ilanga lifihliwe ngemuva kwamafu isikhathi esingaphezu kosuku olulodwa), kuyadingeka ukuthi usebenzise ukukhanyisa okufakelwayo.
5. Umhlaba Umhlabathi omuhle wezotamatisi ukhululekile, uningi lwe-humus, i-medium acidity kanye nexutshwe (ngokungezwa kwesihlabathi kanye ne-perlite).

   Sikukwazisa ukuba ufunde ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zenhlabathi ezikhona, indlela yokuthuthukisa inhlabathi yokuzala, indlela yokuzimela ngokuzimela ukuthi i-acidity yomhlabathi kusayithi, nokuthi ungayikhipha kanjani inhlabathi.

   Khumbula: ku-abamba ukushisa, inhlabathi ngokushesha "impoverishes" futhi "ikhula", ngakho-ke ungqimba oluphezulu lwenhlabathi, uma kunesidingo, kuzodingeka luthathe indawo entsha.
6. Ukudla. I-potassium, i-phosphorus ne-nitrogen yizici eziyinhloko ezidingekayo ngokushesha utamatisi phakathi nesikhathi semifino. Ngaphandle kwalezi zinto, uhlelo lwempande ngeke lukwazi ukuthuthukisa kahle, futhi isitshalo ngokwaso siyoba nendlala ye-phosphorus (ukubukeka kwamachashazi obomvu-obomvu emaqabunga). Isondlo sokuqala esengeziwe senziwa esigabeni sokutshala, esilandelayo - ezinsukwini ezingu-30 emva kokutshala (uma nje inhlabathi ephezulu ekushiseni okungenayo indawo).

Khumbula: ukukhulelwa akusiyo njalo umphumela ofanayo: ngezinye izikhathi ukukhula kwesitshalo ngokwayo kwanda, ngezinye izikhathi izimbali kanye nokubonakala kwe-ovari kuyasheshisa. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuhlukahluka kudinga okungenani ama-supplements amabili ngesikhathi sokukhula: itondla utamatisi ngamaminerali adingekayo futhi iqinisa ukuzivikela kwayo ezifweni ezihlukahlukene.

Ukulungiselela imbewu nokutshala

Lungisa imbewu yokutshala kusengaphambili - ekupheleni kukaFebhuwari. Ukulungiselela imbewu ngokuqondile kuqukethe izinyathelo ezilandelayo:

1. Ukwenqaba. Isivuno esihle kakhulu sitholakala ezinhlameni ezinkulu, ezisindayo, imbewu encane futhi elula ayifanelekile ukutshala. Ukuze uhlukanise imbewu esindayo emaphashini, indlela elandelayo isetshenziswa: imbewu igxila kwisisombululo se-sodium chloride - izindlala ezinzima zihlala phansi, kanti amaphaphu ahamba.

   Uyazi? Igama elithi "utamatisi" livela e-Italy - ngokuhunyushwa ngokuthi "i-apula yegolide". Kodwa "utamatisi" - igama lama-aztec wesitshalo. Namuhla, zombili lezi zwi zilingana ngokuphelele futhi zisetshenziselwa ukubhekisela kokubili imifino ngokwayo nezithelo zayo.
2. Ukufudumala Uma imbewu igcinwe ekamelweni elibandayo noma elincane, le nqubo kumele yenziwe. Imbewu ifakwa emasakeni amancane endwangu futhi ifudumele noma ngaphansi kwezibani zokushisa ezikhethekile noma ebhethri izinsuku ezingu-2-3.
3. Ukususwa kwe-disinfection. Ivimbela ukuvela nokuthuthukiswa kwezifo eziningi. Indlela yendabuko kakhulu ukugcina imbewu emaminithini angu-20-25 kusixazululo esincane (1%) se-potassium permanganate.
4. Iyacubungula. Ukuze ukhiqize isivuno, imbewu yanyuka amahora angu-24 kwisisombululo sezakhi ngaphambi kokutshala. Kungaba yimithi yokwelapha (i-aloe ijusi, amazambane, njll), kanye namalungiselelo akhethekile ("Epin", i-humid humate, njll).
5. Soak. Imbewu ifakwa emgqeni we-gauze, ehlanganiswe futhi iphonswe ibe ngamanzi afudumele (okungenani +25 ° C) amanzi. Inqubo ngokwayo ingapheli amahora angaba ngu-12, kanti amanzi njengoba epholile adinga ukuguqulwa.
6. Ukuzikhandla Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuvikela ingculazi nokunciphisa ukutholakala kwezifo, imbewu kudingeka ikhuni. Lokhu kutholakala ngokuchazwa kwamazinga ahlukene okushisa: okokuqala, amahora angu-12, imbewu kakade isetshenziswe efrijini, bese ishisa amahora angu-12 ngo-20 ° C. Ukuze uphumelele kahle, inqubo kumele iphindwe izikhathi ezingu-2-3.

Akudingekile ukuba ufeze zonke izinqubo ezibalwe ngenhla - noma kunjalo, uma wenza izinto ezingu-2-3 ezivela kulolu hlu, isivuno nokuzivikela komzimba kuzokhula kakhulu.

Ubuchwepheshe bokutshala imbewu elungiselelwe kanje:

1. Ukulungiswa komhlaba. Thela inhlabathi enomswakama zibe yizinkomishi ezincane, uhlanganise futhi ukhule kancane nganoma yikuphi ukukhula okukhulayo (1 g yemithi ngayinye ilitha elilodwa lamanzi afudumele). Khona-ke emkhatsini womhlabathi ama-recesses amabili akwenziwa, ngayinye lapho 1 imbewu ye-utamatisi ifakwa khona. Ngaphezulu kwembewu ihlanganiswe nenhlabathi enomanzi (ungqimba ophezulu kumele ungabi ngaphezu kuka-1 cm ubukhulu).
2. Ukukhula. Izinkomishi ezinezinhlobo zembewu zifakwe endaweni efudumele (okungenani +25 ° C). Kusuka phezulu kweziqukathi kufanele zihlanganiswe nefilimu - i-mini-greenhouse idalwa. Ngalesi sikhathi, ngaphambi kokuvela kwamahlumela, kudingeka uqaphele umswakama womhlabathi futhi uphefaze inhlabathi ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngemuva kokuba amahlumela okuqala avele (emva kwezinsuku ezingu-6-7), ifilimu isusiwe - manje izithombo ziyokhula futhi zikhule ziqine baze zilungele ukufakwa endaweni yokushisa enkulu (okungenani izinsuku ezingu-14 emva kokuhlumela).

Kubalulekile! Ukushisa okucacile nomswakama yizingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-ovary ephumelelayo nokubunjwa kwezithelo. Uma izinga lokushisa liphakeme kakhulu noma liphansi, izithombo ziyofa, futhi uma umswakama uphakeme kakhulu, i-ovary ayikwazi ukwakha: impova yembali iba yinyama kakhulu futhi ayiwi e-pistil - ngenxa yalokho, izimbali ziyawa, kanti izithelo azibophekile.

Ukugcinwa nokunakekelwa

Ngemuva kokuba izithombo sezikhulile, zikhulile futhi zifakwa endaweni yokushisa enkulu, yisikhathi sezinqubo ezinjalo:

1. Ukunakekela izithombo. Ezinsukwini ezingu-18-20 zokuqala kusukela ngesikhathi sokufika emhlabathini oyinhloko, amahlumela akhula kancane - lesi yisikhathi sokubamba kuqala. Kungcono ukusebenzisa umanyolo ophilayo, njengokuthi "itiye elihlaza". Kwenziwa ngokumane nje: ngamanzi angama-50 l udinga ukuthatha utshani oqoshiwe owe-4-5 kg ​​(noma yikuphi), kanye nokwengeza umlotha kanye ne-mullein emanzi - esiqhingini ngasinye udinga ukuthulula u-1.5 l we "tea" elinjalo.

   Ividiyo: ukunakekelwa izithombo utamatisi

2. Ukukhulula inhlabathi. Inhlabathi enomlomo futhi enomuncu yisitha esikhulu sezithombo: lolu hlobo lomhlabathi aludluli umoya namanzi ezimpandeni kabi. Okungenani kanye ngesonto, umhlabathi ozungezile izithombo kumele ukhululeke: yenza ngokucophelela ukuze ungalimazi izimpande.
3. Ukunisela Amanzi okuchelela kufanele abe lokushisa okushisa noma okungenani amagumbi (okungenani okungama-+18 ° C). Kungcono ukuphuza izitshalo ezincane ngokuqondile ngaphansi kwezimpande ukuvimbela amaqabunga ukuba aphenduke. Imvamisa yokunisela ixhomeke ezimweni zesimo sezulu kanye nokushisa endaweni yokushisa, kepha ngokwesilinganiso kwenziwa njalo izinsuku ezingu-4-5 (ungakhohlwa ngemodi yokuphuza umoya - echazwe ngokuningiliziwe ngenhla).
4. Ukushisa Ngemuva kokuthi izinga lokushisa lomoya emgwaqweni lizinzile futhi lifinyeleleke + kufika ku -20 ° C, emini ungasusa ifilimu ekushiseni okushisa - imisebe yelanga kanye nomoya ofudumele kuzoba yizihambeli ezihamba phambili zokukhula kwamahlathi. Khumbula ukuthi umoya oshisayo kodwa ongeyashisayo uyadingeka kulezi ezihlukahlukene, ngakho-ke izinga lokushisa kufanele ligcinwe njalo ngaphakathi kuka-15-25 ° C.
5. Masking Le nqubo ukukhipha izinyathelo ezincane (amahlumela we-stem main), ezithatha izakhi ezivela esitshalweni.

   Sincoma ukuthi sifunde ukuthi ungamathisa kanjani utamatisi ngendlela yokushisa kanye nomhlabathi ovulekile.

   Le nqubo yenzelwe ukwandisa usayizi wesithelo, ukunciphisa imibhede nokunciphisa ingozi yezifo zefungal. Ukubonisana kwenziwa ngemuva kokuba isinyathelo sokuqala, esinamandla kakhulu nesinamandla sithuthukile. Zonke ezinye izingane zokutholwa ezakhiwa ngezansi kwe-main kufanele zisuswe. Ama-scion angadliwa noma aqhekezwe ngesandla - esimweni esilandelayo, ama-stepsons kufanele aphulwe eceleni. Kubalulekile ukwenza inqubo njalo ezinsukwini ezingu-10-14. Kungcono ukumbumbulula ngosuku olusenyakatho - uma kungabikho ukukhanya kwelanga, kungcono ukuthulizela izindawo zokudiliza nomlotha (lokhu kuzovimbela ukubola nokutheleleka kwabo).
6. I-Garter. Ngenxa yokuthi izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-Love Earth zinkulu futhi zinzima, utamatisi udinga i-garter.

   Kuyoba okuthakazelisayo ukuthi ufunde mayelana nokuthi kanjani futhi kungani ubopha utamatisi emhlabathini ovulekile nasendlini yokushisa yama polycarbonate.

   Ukuhlanganiswa ngokujwayelekile kwenziwa emva kokuvela kwesithelo sokuqala - inqubo iqeda ithuba lokubola nokuchithwa kwesithelo esisehlabathini. Ukubopha, izikhonkwane zokhuni kanye ne-garter fabin kuyodingeka.

   Ividiyo: i-tomato ne-paschkovanie Важно использовать мягкую ткань, которая не повредила бы нежный и хрупкий стебель томата. Okuyinhloko yale nqubo ilula: ngosizo lwezicubu, isitshalo sesitshalo sinamathele emgodini wezinkuni - lokhu kudala ukwesekwa okungeziwe, futhi isihlahla esincane ngeke siphinde siguqe futhi siphule ngaphansi kwesisindo sezithelo zokuvuthwa.

Zonke lezi zigaba zingamaphuzu aphambili ekunakekeleni utamatisi, kodwa kubalulekile ukuvikelwa okwesikhashana nokuvimbela izifo.

Izifo nokuvimbela izinambuzane

Ngeshwa, utamatisi luhlobo lwemifino elonakaliswe izifo eziningi nezinambuzane. Ngezansi sibheka izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zezifo zokushisa okushisa kanye nezindlela zokubhekana nazo.

1. UMose. Ukuguqulwa kwamaqabunga, ukushintsha umbala wabo, ukususa isitshalo ngokwawo kanye nokuphikisana kwe-fetus yizibonakaliso eziyinhloko zesifo. Isivuno esincane sibuye sibe nesici. Ukuqeda ngokuphelele igciwane, ngeshwa, isitshalo sidinga ukushisa kuphela. Kodwa ukuvimbela isifo esinjalo ukufaka imbewu ngaphambi kokutshala kwisisombululo se-manganese, kanye nokusifaza isitshalo ngokwayo ngobisi. Iresiphi kanje: ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi, engeza 1 l ubisi kanye ne-1 tsp. urea. Ukufuthwa kusho ukuthi izithombo zidinga zonke izinsuku ezingu-3-4.
2. Ukuphazamisa okwesikhashana. I-fungus ethinta sonke isitshalo: amaqabunga aphendulela amnyama, amabala e-stem nezithelo zivela, futhi i-powdery deposit ivela. Uma okungenani okukodwa kwezimpawu ezibhalisiwe kubonakala, sonke isitshalo kufanele siphathwe nge-agent e-fungicidal. Imithi enjenge-"Ridomil Gold", i- "Acrobat", "Thanos" izincomele kahle. Njengomuthi wesintu, sebenzisa isisombululo sikasawoti - ukuchitha u-10 g usawoti emalitha angu-1 amanzi. Lokhu kusho ukufuthwa sonke isitshalo nsuku zonke izinsuku ezingu-2-3, kuze kube yilapho izibonakaliso zesifo ziqedwa.
3. Isihlungi se-Leaf. Kuphazamisa amaqabunga amaqabunga ama-tomato avela eqabini, ngezinye izikhathi ngeqhwa elivuthiwe (ngokuvamile amabala awakhiwe engxenyeni engezansi yeqabunga). Njengoba lesi sifo siqhubeka, amaqabunga awela futhi isitshalo sifa. Isizathu esiyinhloko sokubukeka kwesikhunta esinjalo kunomhlabathi owudlulayo ngokweqile - lokhu kubonisa futhi ukubaluleka kokuhambisa umoya wokushisa. Indlela yokubhekana nalesi sifo yisisombululo se-oxychloride yethusi (35 g ngalinye ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi). Lokhu kusho ukuthi isitshalo sihlanzwa zonke izinsuku ezimbili. Enye indlela ukufaka ingxenye engaphezulu yenhlabathi ngomusha - lokhu kuzosheshisa ukutakula kwamatamatisi.
4. Umlenze omnyama. Ngokuyinhloko, kuthinta izithombo ezincane zika utamatisi - izimpande zesitshalo ziphenduka abamnyama futhi zome. Ukuze ukwelashwa nokuvinjelwa kwezithombo kudingeka ukhiphe isisombululo se-calcium nitrate ngenhlanganisela ye-anyanisi ikhasi elilandelayo: 2 g we-saltpeter, 100 g we-husk decoction ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi.

Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi ungabhekana kanjani nezifo eziyingozi nezinambuzane zezamatamatisi.

Phakathi kwezinambuzane ezithinta utamatisi, okuyinhloko yizi:

1. I-Whitefly. I-small, kuya ku-3 cm, izinambuzane ezivimbela ingxenye engezansi yeqabunga. Isibonakaliso sokulimala kuba khona kwe-wax ebusweni bonke beshidi. I-whitefly ayidli kuphela i-tomate juice, isusa isitshalo, kodwa isakaze nezifo zegciwane. Njengokulwa no-whitefly, kokubili amalungiselelo okuqinisekiswa (i-Pegasus, i-Konfidor, njll) kanye namakhambi omuntu asetshenzisiwe - ikakhulukazi, i-garlic tincture (100 g wegalikhi egayiwe ngamanzi 1 litre).
2. I-Colorado beetle. Inkathazo evame kakhulu yamatamatisi. Ubhubhisa isitshalo ngokudla amaqabunga, iziqu kanye nezithelo zesitshalo. Isici se-Colorado amazambane we-via-beetle siyakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nazo zonke izinhlobo zamakhemikhali - ngakho-ke, ukulwa nakho kudinga ukusebenza okunzima.

   Funda indlela yokubhekana ne-Colorado amazambane ama-beetle izindlela eziningi.

   Enye yezindlela, ngaphezu kokunciphisa amabhungane anezinyosi, ibeletha izinyoni ze-Guinea - lezi zinyoni zidla izinambuzane ezinemibala futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, yizona kuphela izinyoni ezikwazi ukugaya izikhali ze-beetle eziqinile. Ukuvimbela ukuvela kwe-Colorado amazambane i-beetle kuzosiza ukutshala phakathi kwemigqa yemifino yegalikhi, i-marigold ne-marigold.
3. Medvedka. I-disestate yamazambane kanye no-utamatisi akulimazi kuphela amahlumela, ama-stalks nezithelo, kodwa futhi nje ukutshala imbewu. Ukuze silwe neMedvedka, amaqanda amaqanda, afakwe emafutheni e-sunflower, ayafakwa emhlabathini - "okunambitheka" okunjalo kubangela ibhere.
4. Bhala ama-slugs. Le nkathazo injengomkhuhlane ngaphandle kwegobolondo futhi iholela ikakhulukazi emini. Lithinta amaqabunga nge-mucus, futhi idla izithelo neziqu. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokulwa nayo iwukuba ukunciphisa ukufinyelela kwabo ku-utamatisi: i-sawdust, i-pepper ebomvu, izinaliti ze-spruce kanye ne-eggshell zihlakazekile ezungeze isitshalo - izingxenye ezinjalo ezibukhali noma ezivuthayo zilimaza isisu se-slugs kanye nama-repest retreats.
5. Isikole se-Garden. I-moth, engathinteki ekudleni amaqabunga amantombazane amasha, ifana nesibungu sayo. Kungenzeka ukusebenzisa izinambuzane zendabuko ukulwa nesitshalo ngaphambi kokuba izithelo zivele - kungenjalo kuyoba yingozi ukudla isivuno. Njengendlela yokuvimbela, ukususwa kokhula kusuka esakhiweni nokuphathwa okujulile kwenhlabathi ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo kuzokusiza.

Yiqiniso, izinambuzane zika utamatisi zikhulu kakhulu, futhi akulula ngaso sonke isikhathi ukulwa nazo. Kodwa-ke, ukugcina ubuqotho besitshalo nezitshalo eziphakeme, ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane nokulawulwa kwezifo kufanele kwenziwe ngokucophelela.

Uyazi? I-Peru ibhekwa njengendawo yokuzalwa yamatamatisi - izakhamizi zaleli zwe ngaphambi kokuba abaseYurophu baqale ukukhula lesi siko. EYurophu, utamatisi ayebhekwa njengobuthi okwesikhathi eside: aphethwe kuphela njengezitshalo zokuhlobisa.

Ukuvuna nokugcina

Ukuvuna izinhlobo zezotamatisi Uthando lomhlaba lungatholakala kakade kwezinsuku ezingu-95-100 emva kokutshala: zakhiwe ngokugcwele, izithelo ezinomsoco neziqinile esihlahleni. Ukuvuna kubalulekile ukungabambezeli: uma udlula izithelo, kuzothambile, uqale ukubola futhi ngeke kulungele ukuhamba nokudla.

Ungathatha izithelo eziluhlaza: ukuvuthwa kwalolu hlobo kuzokwenzeka ngenyanga eyodwa. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthi ezihlukahlukene ukuvuthwa kokuqala, utamatisi unqunywe, njengomthetho, uvuthwe ngokugcwele: ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo, utamatisi ovuthiwe ngokugcwele kulezi zihlukahlukene kahle zihanjiswa, ungaphazi futhi ungawoli. Izithelo eziqoqiwe kufanele zigcinwe ekushiseni okungekho ngaphezulu kuka-14-16 ° С endaweni enomoya omuhle (kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isivuno esivunyiwe sinokufinyelela mahhala emoyeni ukuze utamatisi ungawoli). Ungakhohlwa ukuhlunga ngezikhathi ezithile isivuno: uma ukubola kubonakala kunoma yisiphi isithelo, kuzosakazeka ngokushesha kwabanye.

Kungakusiza ukuba ufunde mayelana nokuthi ungayilondoloza kanjani utamatisi nokuthi ungaphi nokuthi kungani ungakwazi ukugcina utamatisi esiqandisini.

Khumbula ukuthi utamatisi omude agcinwa, okunye okungahle kwenzeke ukuthi abe yizinambuzane ezinobungozi. Abanye balimi benza isimamatisi ezivuthiwe ezibandayo ku-efrijiza: lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ugcine ukuhlanza kwesitshalo eside, kodwa kunciphisa kancane ukunambitheka kwawo.

Sibukeze amaphuzu aphambili wokulima, ukunakekelwa nokuvikelwa ezifweni kanye nezinambuzane zezitshalo zokuvuthwa zakuqala zokuvuthwa. Ukukhethwa kwezinga eliphakeme lembewu, ukuhambisana nemithetho yokutshala, ukunamathela ezimweni zokushisa eziphezulu, umswakama, ukukhanyisa kanye nesikhathi sokondla kwenza kube lula ukutshala izithelo ezihlwabusayo, ezinomnandi ezizojabulisa abalimi abanengi lokuvuna ekuqaleni kwehlobo.