Iyini i-tuber? Izitshalo ezinobuthi

Ezindaweni zesimanje zendawo ye-suburban, ungathola cishe noma yikuphi izitshalo, futhi bobabili abajwayele endaweni yakithi, futhi abahle kakhulu. Abaningi babo banezici ezinjalo ezihlelekile, okwenza kube lula ukuqonda izidingo zesiko uma zikhulile. Kulesi sihloko sifuna ukunaka izinhlobo ze-tuberous ezivezwe kokubili izitshalo zezimbali nezitshalo.

Iyini i-tuber

I-Tuber ibizwa ngokuthi izimpande ezihlanganisiwe nezingaguquguquki - isitshalo somhlabathi sokudubula kwezitshalo ezithile. Iqukethe amafihlethi amancane, ngokuvamile nge-internodes eyodwa noma ngaphezulu (isibonelo, njengezambatho noma i-artichoke yaseJerusalema), noma idolo elincane elincane (ummeleli okhanyayo yi-cyclamen).

Izitshalo eziyizilimo eziyizigaxa zimelelwa yizinhlobo ezihlukahlukene kakhulu, kodwa iqembu elikhulu kunazo zonke limelelwa izimbali, phakathi kwazo okuyizinsuku zokuhlala kanye nezinyanga, izibonelo zasendlini nezindawo zasendle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izitshalo eziyizifo eziyizifo eziyizifo zingahlukaniswa zibe yizinhlobo ezisekelwe ezigabeni zendawo engaphansi komhlaba. Kuvame ukukhuluma ngezimpande nezilimo eziyizigaxa.

Izitshalo ze-Culver

Umsuka ungaba nobukhulu obuhlukene nobubunjwa, kepha kunoma yikuphi ukuhlala uguqulwa yizimpande, unesisindo esikhulu sezakhi. Kusukela ezilimo eziyizigaxa ezivamile, izitshalo zezimpande zihlukaniswa ngokungabikho kwemifino ehlala isikhathi eside, ngokuvamile etholakala emgodini wezimpande. Izitshalo ezithandwa kakhulu kuleli qembu zingacatshangwa ngokuthi dahlia no-begonia. Le nxenye engaphansi komhlaba ibuye ibe isici se-chiselle, i-artichoke yaseJerusalema, amazambane, amazambane ama-sweet potato, i-cassava.

Izitshalo ze-Bulbotuber

I-Corm - ingxenye efanayo engaphansi komhlaba, kodwa ivele ibe ngesimo somhlaba ongaphansi komhlaba, enezindwangu ezimakwe kahle kanye namaqabunga obukhulu obuhlukahlukene, engxenyeni engenhla ye-corm. Ukusuka ngaphandle, limbozwe izikali ezincane, okungukuthi, amaqabunga amaqabunga omisiwe.

Lezi zitshalo zihlanganisa i-gladiolus, i-autumn crocus ne-crocus. Ngaphandle, zonke izingxenye zazo ezingaphansi komhlaba zifana nombili we-tuber kanye no-anyanisi ngesikhathi esifanayo, kodwa ingxenye enomzimba inemvelaphi yokuqala: i-stem stem iphuma kuleso sibhamu. Ngokususelwa endaweni yezikali ezinama-bulbous, izinhlobo ezimbili zama-bulb zingahlukaniswa: amafilimu ("amaqabunga" ahlanganiswa ngokuqinile futhi afane ne-tulip) futhi ahlanganiswe (isibonelo, iminduze, lapho ingxenye ye-rhizomatous ifana nomthamo ohlanganisiwe).

Kubalulekile! Kunezinhlobo eziningana zezihlumela eziguquliwe, futhi, ngaphezu kwalokhu, ungakhetha futhi izinsiza zokuzivikela nezintuthwane ezisekelweni zamapuleti amaqabunga (sebenzisa ukugcina izitshalo ekusekeleni), kanye nezinhlanzi (ngaphezulu kwezingcambu zomhlabathi ezimboza ubuso bomhlabathi).

Izimbali ezinobuthi

Njengoba sesishilo kakade, izimbali yiqembu elikhulu kunazo zonke zezitshalo eziyizilimo eziyizigaxa. Abanye babo bakhula emasimini, abanye benza umsebenzi wokuhlobisa emagcekeni, kodwa bonke babelana ngengxenye yempande nenamandla. Masifunde kabanzi mayelana nezithandwa kakhulu kulezi zitshalo, izici zabo zangaphandle nezidingo zokunakekelwa.

Isibindi

I-Dahlias, i-begonias ne-anemones zibhekwa njengezimbali ezithandwayo kakhulu engadini ezizimele namuhla, nakuba i-Crocosmia ne-Crested Flags zivamile. Mayelana nabo futhi sizoxoxwa ngokuqhubekayo.

I-Anemone

I-anemone (lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi le mbali) kungokwakhe uhlobo lwezitshalo ezingapheli ezikhula emndenini we-Buttercup. Enyakatho yezwe elisezingeni eliphezulu, bonke abamele izinhlobo ezingu-120 batholakala cishe yonke indawo, ngaphandle kwezigaba ezishisayo.

Sikukwazisa ukuba ujwayele izinhlobo ezidumile ze-anemones, futhi ufunde ukuthi ungasebenzisa kanjani i-anemone emithi yokwelapha.

Izici eziyinhloko ze-anemones kufaka phakathi izici ezilandelayo:

• ngaphezu kwe-rhizome ene-tuber-like likehi, isitshalo sinezingxenye eziqondile, ezifinyelela ubude buka-100 cm;
• ngokuvamile ziqukethe amaqabunga, futhi ekupheleni kwawo kukhona isiqu sembali esine-inflorescence esine-half-capped noma imbali eyodwa kuphela;
• i-palmate noma amaqabunga ahlukaniswe kahle aqoqwe kwi-rosette;
• ezimbali kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-pistils kanye nezitshalo, kanye namagundane ama-5 kuya kwangu-20 ahlukahlukeneko nemibala ehlukene;
• i-anemone ingaba ophuzi, obomvu, omhlophe, obomvana, obuluhlaza noma obuluhlaza;
• izimbali ziqala ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo futhi ziqhubeka kulo lonke ihlobo, ngezinye izikhathi zihlala ngisho nasekuweni;
• isithelo - ishidi.

Endle, i-anemone ingatholakala emahlathini amahlathi, ama-steppes namadlelo, kanti ezinye izinhlobo zithole indawo ngisho nase-Arctic. Uma ufisa, kulula ukuthola kanye namafomu okuhlobisa.

Ukutshala isitshalo esinjalo kwisayithi lakho, ungakhohlwa ukuthi phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo kuphakamisa kokubili izibonisi zokukhanya nezethunzi. Uma uhlwanyela endaweni engafanelekile, ungabe usencike ekutheni kube nezimbali eziningi futhi ezide.

Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zenhlabathi ezikhona, indlela yokuthuthukisa ukuzala kwenhlabathi, indlela yokuzikhethela ngokuzimela ubuhle be-asidi enhlabathini kusayithi, kanye nendlela yokucosa inhlabathi.

Inketho engcono kakhulu ingaba isakhiwo nge-neutral acid umhlabathi kanye nezinga eliphezulu lokumswakama. Amanzi angamanzi ayingozi engxenyeni engaphansi komhlaba, kanti ukungabi nomswakama kuyothinta kakhulu ukubonakala kwembali.

Ividiyo: ukufika kwe-anemones Isixazululo senkinga siyobe sihlwanyela emhlabathini ophezulu futhi sihlele ukugeleza noma sihlanganise umhlabathi ongenhla. I-anemone ye-fertilizer ifaka izimboni ezimbi eziyinkimbinkimbi ezisetshenziselwa umhlabathi ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sezimbali. Ngokuba ebusika, ungashiya i-anemone ngaphandle kwendawo yokuhlala, ibekezelela ukubandayo.

Uyazi? Izimbali ezichazwe izitshalo zisetshenziselwa kakhulu imithi yendabuko, njengoba zikwazi ukukhulula ama-cramps nokucindezeleka. Noma kunjalo, ukubukeka kwabo okukhangayo kuyakhohlisa, futhi uma kungena ngaphakathi komzimba womuntu, kungabangela ubuthi obukhulu.

I-Begonia

Lembali ibheka okuningi njenge-rose encane. Izimbali zalo zihlanzekile futhi zinomusa, futhi izimbali zivame kakhulu (phakathi nonyaka sonke isitshalo sitshalwe ngqo nabo). I-Begonia iyi-shrub engapheli ukuthi, ngaphezu kwe-tuber, inezinye izici eziphawulekayo. Isibonelo, endle, "ikhaya" lesitshalo akuyona inhlabathi, kepha izihlahla zemithi, nakuba izimo zasensimu zisesehlathini ezincane (kufika ku-20 cm) ezikhulayo phansi. Ngezinye izikhathi ungabonana nabamele abade kakhulu, ufinyelele ukuphakama kwama-35 cm.

Namuhla, kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-1 200 zezinhlobo ze-garden begonias, okuphakathi kwazo izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zemibala ehlukahlukene zihlukaniswa nobuhle obukhethekile: ezimhlophe, pink, ophuzi, obomvu, i-lilac. Emaqabungeni amaqabunga azungezile, ungabona amaphethini afanayo, afanayo kuphela ezitshalweni zasendlini.

Akunzima ukukhathalela imbali: umlimi wasekhaya udinge ukuvula inhlabathi njalo futhi anikeze ukuchelela okunamandla (ngesikhathi sokukhula okukhulayo nokuthuthukiswa, ukujwayela ukuletha uketshezi kufanele kube okungenani isikhathi esingu-1 ezinsukwini ezintathu).

Ividiyo: izinto eziyisisekelo zokunakekelwa kwe-begonia okuphumelelayo Ukuphalaza i-begonia akudingekile, ngaphandle kwalokho konke ukuhlobisa kwamaqabunga ayo kuzolahleka. Ngemuva kokuqhakaza nokuphuza, nanoma yikuphi ukunakekelwa okwenziwe ngokuphelele.

Zazi ngokwakho ngama-nuances okukhula ezinjalo izinhlobo ze-begonias, njenge-coral begonia, i-elator, i-Bolivia, i-ampelous, yasebukhosini, i-tuberous.

Dahlia

Ubuhle obujwayeleko be-dahlia buyizitshalo zezimpande nezitshalo. Njalo ngonyaka ingxenye yayo engaphezulu-nhlobo iyafa, futhi ngaphansi kwezimpande ezinamandla ezivela phansi, eziqukethe izakhi eziningi zokukhula okusebenzayo kwezinso.

Kubalulekile! Ngezimo ezijwayelekile zezulu akudingekile ukuba ushiye izilimo eziyizigaxa ebusika emhlabathini, ngoba, cishe, zizoqhwafa futhi zife.

Esikhathini esisha semifino yokukhula ekhona entanyeni yentambo yesitshalo, futhi kuzoba khona iziqu nezimbali.

Incazelo jikelele yesitshalo kufanele inake izici zayo:

1. Ingxenye ye-dahlias inkulu, iziqu zikhula kusuka ku-25 cm kuya ku-3 m ukuphakama, futhi lokhu okudinga isidingo sokuphoqelela nokusekelwa okwengeziwe.
2. I-Inflorescences imelwe ngamabhasikidi anesisindo sobubanzi buka-3-30 cm. Zonke zihlanganisa isethi yamacembe e-tubular kanye namhlanga.
3. Izimbali zezinhlanga zingaba nemibala ehlukahlukene kunazo zonke, zibeka ukubukeka kwayo yonke imbali.
4. Izimbali zethusi zikhona engxenyeni ephakathi futhi ngokuvamile zimibala obuphuzi noma i-orange.

Kuzokusiza ukuba ufunde mayelana nokuthi ungakhula kanjani ama-dahlias wonyaka nesikhathi esingasetshenziswa esiqhingini sakho, ukugcina izilimo eziyizigaxa ze-dahlia ebusika, nokuthi uzotshala nini futhi kanjani ukutshala ama-dahlias emhlabathini ovulekile.

Phakathi kwazo zonke izinhlobo zezinhlobo ze-dahlias ezindaweni ezingaphansi kwe-suburban, okuvamile kakhulu okulula (okungewona okunezinhlangothi ezimbili), i-collar (ezihlahleni zikhula ngamamitha amabili), i-peony, i-spherical, ne-pompon. Zonke ziba nezimbali ezinkulu, ezizoba umhlobiso wangempela wensimu yakho. Kulula ukunakekela i-dahlias, into esemqoka ukuhlela ukuchelela okufika ngesikhathi futhi uqinisekise ukupheka okuvamile (izikhathi ezintathu ngesikhathi ngasinye amahlumela athululelwa nge-slurry, ngesilinganiso esingu-1:10, futhi aphinde ahlwanyele izitshalo nge-urea: 60 g wezinto ezaneleyo okwanele amalitha ayishumi amanzi).

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyoba usizo ukukhula ukhula emhlathini izikhathi eziningana phezu kwehlobo bese ukhulula phansi phansi, futhi ukuthola ama-inflorescence amakhulu amahle kunconywa ukuhambisa izitshalo.

I-Crocosmia

I-Montbrecia (igama lesibili lembali) iyisitshalo esihle kakhulu semibhede yemifula kanye nensimu, njengoba ibonakala ngezimbali eziningi futhi zihlala isikhathi eside kulo lonke ihlobo ngisho nakweqhwa kakhulu. Sika izimbali ukuma kahle amasonto amabili. Uma sicabangela lesi sitshalo embonweni wezitshalo, kungokomndeni wakwa-Iris.

Uyazi? Iphunga le-crocosmia ngeke lishiye noma ubani ongenandaba. Uma uyomisa amacembe akhe, bese iphunga lawo lizofana ne-safron.

I-genus ayihlanganisi izinhlobo eziningi kakhulu, cishe ama-50, kodwa ngokuqondene ne-Crocosmia, izici zesakhiwo sayo zichazwe kulokhu okulandelayo:

1. Ingxenye engaphansi komhlaba ye-montrebice imelelwe yi-corms, enezingxenye ezintathu zamabolondo amahhashi. Kuzo, kunengxenye ende ye-stem, efinyelela ku-60-90 cm ukuphakama.
2. Amacwecwe amaLeaf afana kakhulu namaqabunga e-iris futhi aqoqwe ngomoya oqinile. Amaqabunga aqhakazile ngesimo senkemba avela enkabeni ye-bulb, njengeziqu.
3. Esitshalweni esisodwa sabantu abadala sinezimpande ezintathu kuya ezine ezidlala indima ye-peduncle.
4. I-paniculate inflorescences ifomu kusuka ezimbali eziningi ze-lily engxenyeni engenhla ye-stem. Ukuqhakaza kwe-Crocosmia kungabonwa kusukela ngoJulayi kuze kube sekupheleni kukaSeptemba, Yebo, uma kungadingeki ubhekane namaqhwa okuqala.

I-Montbrecia ihluleka kakhulu ekunakekeleni, ngakho-ke, uma ikhulile enhlabathini evulekile, ngeke kube nezinkinga nayo. Ngemuva kokuwushiya endaweni efudumele ngo-Ephreli (izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi kufanele lifinyelele okungenani + 6 ... +10 ° C), udinga ukuphuza imbali kahle, ukuphindaphindiwe ngokuphindaphindiwe kwenqubo yezimbali eziluhlaza nokuningi. Inhlabathi eyomile iholela ekulahlekelweni kwe-decorativeness, ngakho kufanele uhlale umanzi njalo. Esikhathini sezulu sezulu, ukuchelela kuncishisiwe noma kukhanseliwe ngokuphelele, ngakho-ke amanzi angaguli, kuyasiza ukukhulula njalo inhlabathi eduze komsuka.

Ungaqala ukutshala isitshalo kusukela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Ngo-Ephreli - Juni, ngalezi zinhloso, i-mullein isetshenziselwa, ihlanganiswe nezithako ze-nitrogen (isisombululo esiphundu seyilungiswa ngo-1:10).

Kungcono ukushintsha ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezimbiwa ngamaminerali kanye nezinto eziphilayo, futhi ngokushesha nje lapho amahlumela okuqala evela esihlahleni, kunconywa ukuba uqede ngokuphelele umquba we-nitrogenous.

I-Crested

Ikhukhu elikhukhulayo limelela uhlobo olukhulu lwezitshalo zomndeni wasePoppy, ezasakazwa kabanzi ezindaweni ezifudumele zezulu. Wonke amalungu alolu hlobo lwama-genus ajwayelekile kakhulu okuphela kwesikhathi, kodwa phakathi kwawo kunezinhlobo zonyaka. Amapuleti amaqabunga ekhukhu elibhakabhaka afana nama-ferns; aphindwe kabili noma kathathu. I-Inflorescences iyibhulashi noma izimbali ezilodwa ezibekiwe kuma-peduncles amade (i-nut eqoqwe kuzo iyatholakala kuphela yizinambuzane ezine-proboscis ende).

Isithelo saleso sitshalo ibhokisi elomile elifana ne-pod. Ngenxa yezimpande eziyi-tuberous, eziqukethe izakhi eziningi ezinhle, ngokufika kwentwasahlobo, ungabona inqubo yezimila zesitshalo. Ngokuqondene nokusakazeka kwembewu, izintuthwane zidlala indima ebalulekile kulokhu.

Funda kabanzi mayelana nezici zokutshala nokunakekela isikhukhukazi esibhakabhakeni.

Ama-tuber crested tubercules azizwa kahle ngokubili elangeni nasezindaweni ezibandayo, enomhlabathi okhanyayo, onomsoco futhi ongenayo. Izimila zibukeka zihle kakhulu ekubunjweni okuvamile nezimila nezinye izitshalo ezihlala isikhathi eside, futhi zifanelekile nokuhlobisa izihlahla zomuthi zenye izakhamuzi eziluhlaza ezakhiweni zasehlobo zasehlobo.

Ividiyo: incazelo yesitshalo se-tuberous crested Izinyoni eziboshiwe abesabi ukhilimu, ziphikisana nezifo, kanti nezinambuzane ziyesaba ama-moles kanye namagundane kuphela. Ukunisela, kanye nokugqoka okuphezulu, kungenziwa izikhathi eziningana ngenkathi, phakathi nesomiso - kaningi.

Igumbi

Izitshalo zemihlobiso yangaphakathi zitshalwe ikakhulukazi ezimbizeni, ezivumela izimbali ezinhle nezichichima kunoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Phakathi kwababameleli ababuthakathaka baleli qembu, i-ginger, i-playon ne-gemantus zivelele, ezihlukaniswa ngezakhiwo eziphakeme zokuhlobisa. Cabangela ngamunye wabo.

I-Ginger

I-Ginger iyisitshalo esingapheli somndeni wakwaGinger. Abantu bajwayele izimpande zawo, kodwa izingcweti zezingxenye ezingenhla ziphinde zitholakale, lezo, uma zihlangene kahle nezinye izimila, zingaba umhlobiso wangempela wegumbi noma ingadi. Ama-stalks alungile, ahlosiwe we-ginger afinyelela ku-1-1.5 m ukuphakama, nakuba amahlathi angu-30-40 cm ephakama ayigugu kakhulu ekuzaleni okuhlobisa. I-flower stems inesakhiwo se-scaly, amahlamvu - i-lanceolate, ephelele, ihlelwe ngokuhlukile.

Izimbali - orange-yellow noma brownish, zifana spike. Isithelo simelwe ibhokisi le-tricuspid, kanti i-rhizome yenziwe ngamalungu angamahle e-palchatotrazdelyazhennymi, okwakhiwa kuyo yonke uhlelo lwempande.

Uyazi? Kwamanye amazwe, i-ginger ibizwa ngokuthi "i-Zingiber", okusho ukuthi ihunyushwe ngokuthi "izimpande ezinezimpondo".

Umsebenzi oyinhloko ekwenzeni i-ginger yangaphakathi ukuthola indawo efanele. Lesi sitshalo sikhetha izindawo ezikhanyisiwe, kodwa ngaphandle kokukhanya kwelanga ngokuqondile.

Ividiyo: ukutshala i-ginger Njengoba kunikezwe umsuka oshisayo, ukuchelela kwawo kufanele kube njalo, ngokunyuka kwamandla ezikhathini ezinomile ikakhulukazi nokuncipha emazingeni okushisa aphansi. I-Ginger ayivimbeli ukupomfa okuvamile.

Cishe uzoba nesithakazelo sokufunda ngezindawo ezizuzisayo ze-ginger, futhi ufunde ukuthi ungalima kanjani futhi ukhule i-ginger engadini nasembizeni.

I-ginger yakho izobukeka kanjani ngempela kumuntu omdala incike enjongweni yokulima kwayo. Uma umlimi efuna impande, amaqabunga awakwazi ukunqunyulwa, ngoba emva kwezinyanga ezingu-8-9 azomile futhi ungene endaweni ephephile engaphansi komhlaba (impande yomile futhi igcinwe endaweni emnyama nepholile).

Uma isitshalo sokuhlobisa sikhula, sitshalwe ebhodweni elincane, futhi ngemuva kokuba amaqabunga aphelile, ingxenye yempande ishiywe enhlabathini. Lokhu kuqhubeka iminyaka eminingana. Ngokungafani nezinye izitshalo eziningi zasendlini, i-ginger ngisho nokuphumula kwasebusika kudinga umswakama omncane womhlabathi, kanti entwasahlobo, ngemva kokuvusa, inani lokusetshenziswa ketshezi landa, lenezela umanyolo wezimbali zasendlini kuwo (ngaphambilini ohlanganiswe ne-potassium).

Uyazi? Izinhlobo zombili zasendlini ye-gemantus zithinta kahle impilo yabanikazi babo. Ukucindezelwa kwabantu ekamelweni kuvamile futhi izinqubo zokuqubuzana emzimbeni zithuthukisa. Kuwusizo ngokukhethekile ukubeka ibhodlela lembali eduze nobunjiniyela kagesi (ithola imisebe eyingozi).

I-Playone

Lesi sitshalo esincane se-ornamental asikhuli ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-30 ukuphakama futhi singomndeni wakwa-Orchid. I-genus ihlanganisa kokubili i-epiphytic (ikhule kwezinye izitshalo) kanye ne-lithophytic (ikhula ezindaweni eziqinile), nakuba amalungu omndeni ahlala evamile kakhulu ekutshalweni kwekhaya.

Ukuqaphela inqubo yokuthuthukiswa kwesitshalo, kulula ukuphawula izici zayo ze-botanical:

1. Ekuqaleni kwenkathi ekhulayo, amaqabunga ama-oval ayenama-1-2, aluhlaza okomnyama avela phezu kwe-tuber. Amapulangwe eLeaf akhula ubude obude buyi-10-15 cm.Abanye abameleli be-playon ziyaqhakaza ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo noma ekwindla futhi ekuqaleni kwalesi sikhathi, i-peduncle emfushane ikhiwa ngaphansi kwe-rhizome ye-tuberous, ne-1-3 efihlekile engxenyeni ye-stem.
2. Ububanzi bezimbali ezivuliwe ngokugcwele cishe ngo-6-11 cm, futhi ngamunye wabo akalahlekelwa ukuheha kwawo inyanga yonke.
3. Umbala wezimbali uhluka kusuka ezimhlophe nasekhilimu kuya ophuzi nokubomvu futhi kubonakala ngokucacile emagumbini aphikisayo. Губа выглядит как трубка или веретено, с расширенным бахромчатым краешком.

Выращивать плейоне могут даже начинающие цветоводы: при размещении в восточной или западной части квартиры, куда постоянно попадает достаточное количество света, проблем с ней не будет.

I-pre-plant itshalwe esitsheni esingenalutho, phansi lapho kuvuleka khona ukuvuleka kwamanzi okugeleza kwamanzi, nokusetshenziswa okuphoqelekile koqweqwe lwamanzi (ubumba kanye namatshe okugcoba kufanelekile kule ndima).

Njenge-substrate yokutshala, ungasebenzisa inhlanganisela yenhlabathi yamapinki amancane, i-peat moss namalahle. Ngokushesha ngemva kokuphuma, kubalulekile ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa egumbini kuya ku-10-15 ° C.

Kubalulekile! Ama-playones asemakhaya adinga ukutshalwe njalo ngonyaka ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, futhi ukwenza lo msebenzi kufanele kuthathwe indawo engaphezulu kakhulu kwe-substrate bese uhlola izimpande ngezibonakaliso zezifo.

Ividiyo: Imithetho Yokunakekela i-Playon Ukuphuza okunamandla kuyadingeka kulesisitshalo kuphela ngesikhathi sokukhula, futhi ngemuva kokuba amaqabunga ehla, ukwethulwa kwamanzi cishe kumile ngokuphelele. Umswakama omuhle ekamelweni ngu-50%, nakuba kusetshenziselwa ukushisa kwanda ku-70%.

Ukugqoka okuphezulu kusetshenziswe enhlabathini njalo ngenyanga, kusukela ngo-Ephreli futhi kuphelile phakathi nekwindla, kuze kufike amaqabunga. Ukwenzela okunomsoco we-orchid kuhle kakhulu kumsebenzi womanyolo.

I-Gemantus

UGemantus ungummeleli wezitshalo ze-bulbous zomndeni wakwa-Amaryllis. Ezinye izinhlobo zichitha amaqabunga ebusika, kanti ezinye zihlala zihlala zivuthiwe, ngakho-ke zivame ukukhethwa kunezinye zokulima ekhaya.

Izilwane ezisendlini ezithandwayo kakhulu ziyi-gematus kaKatharina kanye ne-gemantus enesihenqo esiphezulu esimhlophe, esivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "indlebe yezindlovu" noma "ulimi lwezinkunzi." Izici zangaphandle zalezi zitshalo zibangelwa izinhlobo zazo.

Isibonelo, "Katharine" inezici ezilandelayo zezici:

• ebonakala ngokucacile, i-wavy platey leafy, efakwe ku-centimeter pseudostem;
• imbali ibumba emcibisholo ovela eduze kwesiqu samanga (izimbali zesitshalo zibomvu kakhulu, kanti i-inflorescence ibonakala ibhola elikhulu);
• ngemuva kokuqhakaza endaweni yezimbali, izithelo ezinjengeberry zivela, okuvela kuzo, uma kunesidingo, imbewu ingatholakala.

Ummeleli omhlophe-uphethiloli uneziqabunga ezinamaqabunga ezinamaqabunga amaningi, abushelelezi enkambeni ephakathi futhi enomsindo ekugcineni. Lesi sitshalo sibonakala nge-inflorescence encane kakhulu, ngezimbali ezimhlophe nama-anthers anzima. Kusukela phezulu, babheka njengokungathi bafafazwe ngephunga eliphuzi.

Funda kabanzi mayelana nokulima nokukhiqizwa kwe-gemanthus.

Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-hematus kaKatharina, izinhlobo ze-white-flowered zinezinyawo ezincane nezincane. Imifino ingabonwa ngoJulayi - Agasti, futhi ekwindla kusenesikhathi kukhona izithelo ezivuthwa phakathi no-Novemba (ngalesi sikhathi amabhokisi aphendulela okubomvu noma i-orange). Imbewu ifanele ukukhiqiza okuqhubekayo. Ngokuqondene nezici zokunakekelwa, i-gemanthus idinga ukukhanya okuhle, kodwa ngokuvikelwa emisebeni eqondile yelanga. Ukushisa kwekamelo kufanele kugcinwe ngo-18 ... +22 ° C ehlobo futhi + 12 ... +15 ° C - ebusika.

Ukunisela kuningi esomiso (ngokukhipha imithwalo yamanzi emanzini), futhi ngesikhathi esizayo lapho befaka amanzi emhlabathini kuphela uma ungqimba olungenhla luma 1-2 cm. Ebusika, ungakwazi ukuhambisa kancane inhlabathi ebhodweni, kodwa hhayi njalo.

Ukutshala izitshalo kwenziwa njalo emva kwamasonto amabili futhi kuphela ngesikhathi sokukhula nokusebenza okusebenzayo. Ngale njongo, ungasebenzisa kokubili izimila eziphilayo kanye nezamaminerali. Ama-Hemantus transplants ayenziwa kanye njalo eminyakeni engama-2-3.

Ividiyo: izimfihlo zokunakekela i-gemantius

I-Potato tuber

Amazambane - enye yezitshalo ezithandwayo kakhulu, izilimo eziyizigaxa zazo ezisetshenziselwa kakhulu izinjongo zokucubungula. Zinesondlo kakhulu futhi ziyasetshenziselwa ukulungiselela izitsha ezihlukahlukene. Noma ubani ohlala ehlobo cishe uyoba nesithakazelo sokufunda kabanzi mayelana nezilimo eziyizigaxa zezambane.

Indlela yokwakha i-tuber

Njengoba sishilo ekuqaleni, i-tuber yimbangela yokuqina kwesigamu esingaphansi komhlaba sokudubula kwe-stem - isibhamu. Awekho amaqabunga athuthukile ajwayelekile, futhi ezenzweni zamagqabi amaqabunga aguqulwe futhi atrophied yiwona amehlo okuthiwa.

Ama-stolons avela esitshalweni uma efika ngamamentimitha angu-20 ukuphakama, futhi ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwawo, ingxenye engaphezulu ikhula futhi ikhule, ibe yindawo evamile yama-mbatata, egcwele isikhumba sethenda. Esikhathini esizayo, ugobe lwezambane luyancipha kuphela futhi alusekeli umoya onjengawo ngaphambili. Kusukela ngalesi sikhathi kuya phambili, umsebenzi wokususa umswakama kanye "nokuphefumula" kwe-tuber inikwe ngokuphelele i-lentils ehlakazekile kuyo yonke indawo yamazambane.

Izilimo eziyizigaxa zezambane zingaba nezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene kakhulu (ezihlangene, ezihlangene, ezifakwe kabusha, njll), ngenxa yezimo ezithile ezikhulayo kanye nezici ezihlukahlukene zesitshalo. Amehlo aphakanyisiwe ahlelwa njengento engaphandle, encane, ephakathi naphakathi.

Ezikhathini zokudla, ngokuvamile zisebenzisa izilimo eziyizigaxa ezincane, ngoba kulula kakhulu ukugeza nokuhlanza. Ukukhula okuphezulu kwenxenye engaphansi komhlaba yamazambane kuhambisana nezimbali zesitshalo. Ukwandisa usayizi, amaseli we-tuber aqoqa umswakama, izakhi kanye nama-carbohydrate (kufika ku-75% wexabiso lokugcina). Lesi sikhathi (cishe izinsuku ezingu-45-60 kusukela ekuqaleni kokuqhakaza) singabizwa ngokuthi sibucayi ngokubunjwa kwezitshalo futhi, uma izimo zokukhula zingakalungi (isibonelo, akukho umswakama okwanele nomanyolo), awukwazi ukulindela isivuno esikhulu.

Isakhiwo se-tuber

Ingxenye ende yesikhumba samazambane avuthiwe izokubonisa ngokucacile izingxenye zayo eziyinhloko: i-epidermis (isikhumba), amagxolo, i-cambium, izintambo ze-vascular, kanye nenhloko. Isikhumba senza umsebenzi wokuzivikela futhi sihlanganisa imigqa eminingana yamaseli e-periderm ahloliwe.

Ngaphansi kwalolu ungqimba yi-crust, equkethe amaseli we-parenchymal, aqukethe okusanhlamvu kwesitashi. Ngaphansi kwalokhu ungqimba lwe-cambium, lapho izinto ze-xylem zithelela khona phakathi. Ingxenye eyinhloko yamazambane iqukethe amaseli e-parenchymal medullary. Ngokusekelwe ezinhlobonhlobo, ama-3-15 ama-peepholes akhiwa kumahlumela angaphansi komhlaba. Kukhona ama-3-4 efihlekile kuwo ngamunye wabo: abambalwa abambalwa nabokulala (baqala ukukhula kuphela lapho ingxenye eyinhloko isinqunyiwe noma iphukile, kodwa izitshalo ezakhiwe kuzo ngeke zisabe kakhulu). Ngosayizi kanye nezinga lokuhlukanisa, amehlo ahluke komunye nomunye, kodwa engxenyeni engenhla, encane kunazo zonke ze-tuber, zikhona eziningi zazo njalo.

Inani lokudla okunomsoco wezilimo eziyizigaxa zezambane libhekwa yizinkomba ezilandelayo (nge-100 g):

• ikhalori - 77 kcal;
• amaprotheni - 2 g;
• amafutha - 0.4 g;
• ama-carbohydrates - 16.3 g;
• i-fibre yokudla - 1.4 g;
• amanzi - 78.6 g;
• isitashi - 15 g;
• amafutha amaningi agcwele - 0.1 g;
• i-mono - ne-disaccharides - 1.3 g

Funda kabanzi mayelana nezakhiwo ezizuzisayo zamazambane, izimbali zalo, nokuthi kungani ungafanelanga ukulahla amazambane amazambane.

Kubalulekile! Akufanele udle amazambane aluhlaza, ngoba kulo mkhakha uqukethe isisindo esikhulu sezinto ezinobuthi okuthiwa i-solanine.

Izifo

Naphezu kokuthi abalimi abaningi bacabangela ukuthi amazambane anesitshalo esingenakuzithoba, ubuchwepheshe bokulima obungalungile bukhona wonke amathuba okuthuthukisa izifo. Noma yisiphi isifo esinciphisa kakhulu inani lezilimo eziyizigaxa, ngakho ukulwa nabo kufanele kuqale ngesibonakaliso esincane kakhulu.

Sincoma ukuthi uzijwayele ngezindlela zokulawula izifo nezinambuzane zamazambane.

Izifo ezivame kakhulu zamazambane zihlanganisa:

1. Ukuphazamisa okwesikhashana (kubonakaliswe ukuhogela okujulile noma amabala aluhlaza ekhoneni). Ngokuvamile kuvame ukuthatha ngokushesha emva kokubeka amazambane endaweni yokugcina, ngamanani amaningi okushisa aphezulu.
2. Alternaria (izindawo ezicindezelekile, ezingalingani, ezihlukile kombala kusuka esikhumbeni esihle) zibonakala kahle kuwo wonke umhlaba. Ngokushesha bangase babonakale benamathele, futhi ngaphansi kwabo kubumnyama obumile obumnyama.
3. Isikali esimnyama kubonakala emanzini amnyama amnyama afana nenhlabathi evamile eyomile ehambisana namazambane. Ukutheleleka okukhulu kwe-fungal kubonakala ngokumboza cishe yonke i-tuber. Lesi sitshalo singasenwa yingculaza ngesikhathi sokukhula okukhulayo, futhi ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kuvame ukubhekwa ngesikhathi sentshebe ende nesikhathi sokuvuna.
4. I-Fusarium Dry Rot. Kungenzeka nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sokugcina, kodwa eziningi zezibonakaliso ziphawulwe eduze nendawo noma ekugcineni kwesitoreji. Ekuqaleni kokuthuthukiswa kwayo, lesi sifo sibonakala sicwebezela, sinobuhlaza obunombala obomvu, futhi kancane kancane inyama ephantsi kwabo iyakhula futhi iyancibilika. Ezingxenyeni ezithintekayo ze-tuber voids zakhiwa, zigcwele i-mycelium.
5. Strangulation, iqhwa futhi deformation of nezilimo eziyizigaxaehlotshaniswa nokulima okungalungile noma isitoreji. Esimweni sokuqala, imbangela yalesi senzakalo ingase ibe ukuntuleka okukhulu kwe-oksijeni ekugcineni, okwesibili - ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa kuya ku--2 ° C noma ngisho nangaphansi, futhi okwesithathu - ukwephulwa kwezimo ezifanele ngesikhathi sokukhula (isibonelo, uma isomiso sesikhathi eside siqala ).

Zonke lezi ziyizifo eziyinhloko kuphela, izifo ezithinta kakhulu amazambane, kodwa eqinisweni kuneziningi zazo. Ngakho-ke, ngokuvamile izilimo eziyizigaxa zithinteka ngesihlava esivamile noma se-powdery, ukubola kwe-raber, ukubola kwendandatho, isitshalo esimnyama (ukutheleleka kwenzeka cishe kunoma yiziphi izimo: ngesikhathi sokukhula nangesikhathi sokugcina), ukubola kwebhaktheriya elibomvu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphulwa kwemibandela yokuqoqwa nokuthuthwa kwamazambane kungaholela ekubukeni kwegrey noma ukugcoba, ukunyamala kwenyama, nokungabi nalutho.

Ividiyo: izinhlobo, izifo nokuvuna amazambane Kulula kakhulu ukuvimbela izifo kunokubhekana nemiphumela yazo, ngakho-ke, uma ukhula amazambane, kubalulekile ukuhambisana nokwelashwa kwezitshalo ngamafungicides nokunakekelwa kwezimo ezifanele zokulondoloza kusengaphambili.

Isitshalo ngasinye sine-tuberous sinezici zayo siqu futhi eziyingqayizivele futhi zingasetshenziswa ngezinhloso ezihlukahlukene.

Vumela i-tuber ingomunye uhlobo lomhlaba ongaphansi komhlaba, kepha ukutshala okulungile nokulimala amazambane afanayo, nolwazi olucacile lwenqubo ye-tuberization, ngokuqinisekile kuzoletha imiphumela emihle kuphela. Ngakho-ke, uma ufuna ukuthola isivuno esiphezulu, kungcono ukutadisha ngokucophelela le nkinga.