Ikhukhamba - enye yemifino edla kakhulu. I-pulp ehlanzekile neyomuthi ingagcini nje kuphela, kodwa iphinda ithwale amavithamini amaningi umuntu adinga. Ama-saladi amasha, ama-pickle, aqoshiwe - yonke indawo le mifino ifanelekile. Phakathi kwezinhlobo eziningi zamakhukhamba ungahlukaniswa ngokuthi yi-"Alligator F1". Yini eyenza ithakazelise nokuthi ingayikhula kanjani - ngokuqhubekayo kulesi sihloko.
Incazelo ehlukahlukene
Le hybrid yavulwa eRussia maduzane - ngo-2012. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi "i-Alligator F1" isitshalo semifino esivuthiwe. Ngamanye amazwi, isitshalo sivuthwa ngokugcwele izinsuku ezingu-45 emva kokuhluma. I-bee pollinating hybrid, ebonakala nge-fruiting ende. Izihlahla zinamandla, i-srednepletistye, ne-borrow uhlobo lwama-ovari. Ubude be-stem esemqoka bufinyelela ku-2.5 m.
Izithelo nezivuno
Izinhlobonhlobo zekhukhamba "i-Alligator F1" zingabhekiswa ezitshalweni zokushisa, ngoba ubude bezithelo zawo buyi-35-40 cm. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kunesisindo esithandekayo - 300-310 g. Ubuso bekhukhamba lukhulu kakhulu. Into ethakazelisayo kunayo yile fomu: isilinda eside, esilindelwe sombala ohlaza ogcwele. Ngakho igama elithi "Alligator" ngenxa yokufana nesiphendukezi.
Ifomu elifanayo lezithelo linemikhakha yekhukhamba "isimangaliso saseShayina".
Ngokuhlwanyela nokunakekelwa okufanele, le hybrid iveza izithelo isikhathi eside futhi ingathobeki ezimweni. 
Uyazi? E-UAE, abalimi bakhipha ukhukhamba ngezithelo ezigciniwe. Bakwenza ukuze kube lula ukugcina imifino.
Ukukhethwa kwezithombo
Ukukhetha okulungile kwezithombo - isihluthulelo sokuvunwa okuhle. Kukhona iphethini: isimo sezulu esishisa, abadala kufanele babe izithombo. Isitshalo esincane, isikhathi eside uzolindela isithelo, kodwa kulula ukushintshela emhlabathini nasesimo sezulu, kungcono ukuthi kuthathe izimpande. Lapho ukhetha izithombo, qaphela izikhathi ezinjalo:
- Izimpande. Ukuze izitshalo zithengiswe ngamakhasethi (ngaphandle kommbizi), izimpande kufanele zibonakale ngokucacile. Kodwa ngamakhukhamba anamanzi aqinile ohlelweni lwempande akusihle ngaso sonke isikhathi okuhle. Hlola isimo sezimpande. Okumhlophe, amahlumela amancane ngokushesha athola izimpande lapho efika. Kodwa-ke, uma ubona omile, izimpande ezindala, ezindala noma ezikhukhulile, zilungiselele ukuthi lesi sitshalo ngeke sisinde. Ukungabikho kwezimpande ngokuphelele kufanele futhi kwaziswe - ukhukhamba inesimiso sezintambo esithuthukile ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa okuvamile.
- Pot. Naka ubukhulu bayo. Umuntu omdala u-sapling, umthamo omkhulu kufanele ube, futhi ngokufanayo.
- Ama-parasites. Ngokuvamile, kubalulekile ukuhlola isitshalo sokuba khona kwezinambuzane. Ngokuyinhloko, ukunakwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe ngemuva kweqabunga - indawo oyintandokazi yezinambuzane eziningi. Izimpawu ezimbi ziyiqabunga (ama-virus), ama-spiderwebs emaqabunga (ama-spider mite), izinambuzane ezincane ezimnyama ezilinganisweni (ama-aphid), amaqanda emaqabunga (amanye ama-parasites).
- Izimo ezikhulayo. Uma izithombo zihlwanyiswa ngokungalungile, lokhu kuzothinta ukusimama kwesitshalo kanye nomkhiqizo esikhathini esizayo. Amaqabunga amancane amancane, isihlahla esivamile esingavamile, amaqabunga ahlambalazayo futhi awile - izibonakaliso zokuphulwa kombuso wokukhanyisa nokuphuza, ukushisa kungenzeka. Isiqu esimnyama esisekelweni sibonakala njengomphumela wokuchelela ngokweqile nokubola kwesistimu. Kodwa amaqabunga aphikisiwe futhi aphikisiwe ombala obomvu ogqamile - uphawu olucacile lokutshala izitshalo kwimodi ye-turbo nokuqhathanisa ne-nitrogen fertilizer. Izitshalo ezinjalo angeke zinikeze izithelo.
Sincoma ukuthi sijwayelane nezinye izinhlobo zamakhukhamba anobisi: "isiJalimane", "i-Aquarius", "u-Ephreli", "i-Merengue", "i-Colonel yangempela", "Hector F1", "Shosh".
Ukukhetha izithombo, zama ukuthatha izitshalo ngenani elilinganiselwe "yobudala". Ukuhlwanyela okuthiwa oontanga, wenza lula inqubo yokunakekelwa, futhi uqinisekise ukuthi ukubukeka kwaleso sikhathi kuyabonakala ngesikhathi esifanayo. Kuwusizo ukucacisa ukuthi izitshalo ezinzima zithengiswa yini. Lokhu akuyona into ephoqelekile, kodwa izitshalo ezilungiselelwe ngale ndlela ziphikisana kakhulu nesimo sezulu esibi futhi zikhiqize isivuno esiningi.
Umhlabathi nomanyolo
Ukhukhamba "i-Alligator F1" yinto enhle kakhulu ngokuphathelene nomhlabathi. Khetha indawo ukuze uhambe kufanele uqaphele kakhulu. Inhlabathi kufanele ibe nesihlabathi noma i-loamy, okungukuthi, ukukhanya noma okuphakathi kokuthungwa. Ukuze ukhukhamba, i-primer ifaneleka kangcono, ithola kalula futhi igcine amanzi isikhathi eside ngokwanele ukuze lesi sitshalo singayitholi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo qiniseka ukuthi umhlaba awunzima kakhulu. Uma inhlabathi endaweni yakho ilula, ingahlanjululwa nesihlabathi: nge-1 sq. M. Umhlabathi wengeze 2 amabhakede esihlabathi.
I-VIDEO: INDLELA YOKWENZA KANJANI UMGOMO WOKUKHULULELA Okuhle kunazo zonke, ukhukhamba zikhula ezindaweni lapho zazihlala khona: amazambane, utamatisi, izaqathe, iklabishi, ama-eggplant. Kodwa izindawo lapho izitshalo zamasaka zanda khona kufanele zigweme.
Uyazi? Ukhukhamba zizuzisa ngokuyinhloko izindawo zabo zokudla. Okuqukethwe kwe-caloric encane, ikhono lokucima ukoma, kanye nokusheshisa kokusetshenziswa kwe-metabolism ngenxa yokwanda kwe-asidi - Yilezi zakhiwo zemifino ezenza kube yimfuneko uma ufuna ukunciphisa umzimba.
Okubaluleke kakhulu yi-acidity yenhlabathi. Kungcono kakhulu ukuthi amakhukhamba abe kancane acidi noma angathathi hlangothi, okusho ukuthi izinga le-pH kufanele libe ngo-6-7.
Ekhaya, i-acidity yenhlabathi kulula kakhulu ukunquma:
- Esitolo se-hardware sithenga idivayisi ekhethekile ye-Alyamovsky nephepha le-litmus.
- Senza ukusika okufanako kwenhlabathi ngokujula okungaba ngu-30 cm.
- Isampula esilandelayo sinamanzi futhi sixubaniswe kahle namanzi acwecwe.
- Le ngxube kanye nephepha le-litmus liboshiwe esandleni somzuzu owodwa.
- Iphepha le-Litmus elihlanganiswe nesilinganiso (kufakiwe) futhi linqume izinga le-acidity.
I-VIDEO: INDLELA YOKUPHATHISA NGOKUTHANDA KWE-ACIDITY NGEZINDLELA ZABANTU
Thola ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani ukuthi i-asidi yenhlabathi isetshenziswe kanjani izitshalo nokuthi ingakhipha kanjani inhlabathi engadini.
Izimo ezikhulayo
Ngesikhathi sokukhula, i-Alligator ithanda ukushisa nokukhanya. Ukushisa kufanele kube ngaphakathi kuka-23-30 ° C. Ukuncipha okuncane kwesikhashana ngamazinga kuvunyelwe, nakuba kungathandeki. Kodwa-ke, uma izinga lokushisa liwela ngaphansi kwe-+15 ° C, ukukhula kuyokuma. Indawo kufanele ibe yinto elula, nakuba i-penumbra izokwenza. Kubalulekile ukuvikela amahlumela emoyeni. Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukuba ukhule izithombo ezincane ezikhungweni zokugcina ifilimu noma ukuvikela amahlumela ngezindlela ezifakiwe.
Ukukhula kusuka imbewu kuya izithombo ekhaya
Ukuhlakulela "i-Alligator" ekhaya akufani nokutshala inqubo evulekile yesenzo.
Ukulungiselela imbewu
Thatha imbewu enkulu ngaphandle kokulimala. Ngaphambi kokuphuma, kufanele zifudumele. Ukuze wenze lokhu, babambe cishe cishe inyanga eduze kwama-heaters. Ukushisa okukhulu kubo kuzoba ngu-+25 ° C. Kubonakala ukuthi imbewu enokushisa inikeza amahlumela asheshe ahlakulele futhi anciphise inani lezimbali ezingenalutho. Imbewu ye-hybrid ayidingi ezinye izinhlobo zokulungiselela ukulungiselela. 
Okuqukethwe nendawo
Imbewu yekhukhamba kufanele ihlwanyelwe ezinkalweni ezincane ngokuphakama kwama-10-12 cm. Ukuze uthole izithombo ezinhle kakhulu, kubalulekile ukuthi ulungiselele kusengaphambili inhlanganisela yenhlabathi ye-sawdust encane nedala, i-humus ne-peat esilinganisweni esingu-1: 2: 2, futhi wengeze (nge-10 l) 1.5 Art. l nitrofoski no-2 tbsp. l umlotha. Ixube elixubile ngokuphelele lihle lokuhlwanyela.
Inqubo yokutshala imbewu
Uma ukulungiswa komhlabathi kanye nembewu kwenziwa ngendlela efanele, inqubo yokutshala ngeke ibangele noma yikuphi ubunzima:
- Amathangi kufanele agcwaliswe phezulu ngenhlanganisela elungiselelwe ngaphambili.
- Khona-ke imbewu ihlwanyelwa, iminyene ngayinye ibe esitsheni.
- Thela phezu kwamanzi amancane.
Ukunakekelwa kwesithombo
Lapho nje amaqabunga okuqala wezithombo evela, kubalulekile ukusheshisa inqubo yokukhula kwayo ngesisombululo esilandelayo:
- 3 l efudumele (hhayi ngezansi +20 ° C) amanzi;
- 3 tsp. nitroammofoski.
Ukutshala izithombo phansi
Uma wenza konke okulungile, ke izitshalo zizolungele ukutshala endaweni evulekile ezinsukwini ezingu-27-32. Napha futhi, konke kulula. Silungiselela imibhede kusengaphambili, okungukuthi - senza izimbobo ezingu-3-5 cm ngokujula ngamakhilomitha angama-60 ukusuka komunye nomunye. Tshisa amahlumela emhlabathini. Siyaziqhenya ngokucophelela emhlabathini ukuze singalimazi amahlumela. Siphuza.
Ubuchwepheshe bezolimo zokulima imbewu emhlabathini ovulekile
Indlela yokukhula "i-Alligator" ensimini ivulekile, kodwa, ngokujwayelekile, ayinzima kakhulu.
Izimo zangaphandle
Njengoba sesivele sithole, i-"Alligator F1" ikhukhamba ithanda ukukhanya, ukushisa namanzi. Kulokhu, kuphakanyiswa ukuba ukhethe uhlangothi oluseningizimu lokulima kwalo. Okubaluleke kakhulu kunesimo sezulu esifundeni. Ngakho-ke, uma uhlala emgqeni osenyakatho, lezi ukhukhamba zizoba ngcono ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo.
Sikukwazisa ukuba ufunde ngazo zonke izinkinga zokukhukhamba ezikhulayo.
Ungakhohlwa lokho Lezi zitshalo zinesitshalo eside eside, imimoya enamandla ingaba yingozi kubo. Khumbula ukuthi izithelo kufanele zixhomeke ekuvuthweni okugcwele, ngaphandle kwalokho zingase zikhubazeke. Kusukela ngenhla, isiphetho silandela: ngaphambi kokutshala ukhukhamba wale hybrid, udinga ukuhlola ngokucophelela inhlabathi kusayithi lakho kanye nezimo zezulu esifundeni sakho. Uma zombili zifanelekile, ama-ukhukhamba alligator F1 angakhula ngokuphephile emhlabathini ovulekile.
Inqubo yokutshala imbewu emhlabathini
Ukutshala imbewu yekhukhamba emhlabathini ovulekile, kunezindlela ezimbili: ezilinganayo kanye nezikwele. Ake sihlolisise kokubili okukhethwa kukho.
Indlela yombhalo
- Sithatha imifula emibili kuya ku-6-8 cm ebangeni elingama 20-25 cm kusuka komunye nomunye. Ngalendlela, imbewu ihlelwe ngezinyathelo zika 2-3 cm.
- Bese ufafaza ngo-2-3 cm enhlabathini futhi okufanayo - ne-peat.
- Siphalaza amanzi.
Indlela yesikwele
- Sihlukanisa imibhede ngezikwele ezilinganisa u-80 * 80 cm noma 90 * 90 cm; emgwaqeni senza izikhala eziyi-10-15 cm.
- Emithonjeni kufanele ibekwe u-2-3 kg womquba kanye nengcosana yamaminerali omquba womhlaba wonke, hlanganisa kahle nenhlabathi.
- Emgodini ngamunye ngamunye sihlwanyela imbewu engu-5-6.
- Uma zihluma, kuzodingeka ushiye ama-1-2 amahlumela anamandla kakhulu.
Ukunisela
Ukuze uthole isivuno esiphakeme, esiningi futhi esihlwabusayo, udinga ukuwazisa izitshalo ngamanzi afudumele. Ngaphambi kokuqhakaza - kungakapheli izinsuku ezingu-6-8, nangesikhathi sokuhluma - njalo kwezinsuku ezingu-3-4. Khumbula ukuthi amanzi kufanele awele emhlabathini, hhayi ngeziqu. Khumbula ukuthi uma izimpande zingatholi umswakama okwanele, lesi sitshalo singagula noma siphelile.
Umhlaba ukhulula futhi ukhula
Njengoba kuboniswe ngenhla, kubalulekile ukuthi izimpande zithole umswakama abazidingayo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ngezikhathi ezithile kudingeka ukhulule inhlabathi. Ungakwenza ngale ndlela: uthathe i-pitchforks futhi uyenze nge-punctures enhle emkhatsini wemigqa ekujuleni kwe-2-4 cm. Ekuqaleni, lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngemuva kokunisela ngamunye. 
Lapho izitshalo zikhula - ukukhululeka kungavimba. Kodwa khumbula ukuthi imibhede kumele ihlanzwe ukhula, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isiteji sokukhula kwesitshalo.
Masking
Ukuhlukunyezwa - ukusika amahlumela amaningi (abathweswa izingane), okubamba amandla kusuka esivubeni, okuholela ekulahlekelweni kwezithelo. Ukuze ujabulele isivuno sokuqala maphakathi noJuni, kubalulekile ukuba wenze kahle i-pasynkovanie ngokucophelela futhi ngokucophelela.
Njengomthetho, amaqabunga okuqala ama-5-6 kufanele asuswe, kanye nama-ovarie ema-axils amaqabunga ama-3-4 wokuqala. Kodwa qaphela kakhulu futhi uqaphele ukuthi ungalimazi isiqu esikhulu kanye nezimbali kuso. Ukuze wenze lokhu, khipha kancane iqabunga ngesandla esisodwa, futhi ngomunye, cindezela ngokucophelela i-stepon esiteshini ngokwawo. Kodwa lokhu kungenziwa hhayi ngaphambi kwezinyathelo eziba ngu-3-6 cm ngesayizi. 
Ibhande le-Garter
Njengoba lesi sitshalo simude kakhulu, sibe nesitshalo eside, kanye nezithelo ezinde nezindayo, kufanele ziboshwe. Kunconywa ukuthi ukhule le hybrid ezindaweni eziphakeme ze-trellis kuze kufike ku-2 m. Ijubane elishayela ngokuphindaphindiwe lizosiza ukuthi lingalimazi isifubhe, kodwa lilondoloze ngokuqinile ku-trellis.
Ukuze sikhule isivuno esihle samakhukhamba endaweni encane, sincoma ukufaka igridi ye-trellis.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Inqubo yokudla iyenzeka ngezigaba eziningana. Isikhathi sokuqala inqubo eyenziwa ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-7-10 emva kokutshala. Ingxube ilungiswa kusuka kulezi zithako: amalitha ayishumi amanzi, 10 g we-superphosphate, 10 g we-ammonium nitrate, 10 g wesawoti e-potassium. Leli lilinganiso lenzelwe ama-10-15 ezihlahla.
Ngemuva kwamasonto amabili, udinga ukuphinda ukondla, kabili ukwandisa inani lomanyolo emanzini ofanayo. Kodwa ngesikhathi se-fruiting, kufaneleka izikhathi ezingu-1-2 zokutshala ngamanyolo wamaminerali (nge-1 sq. M): 15-20 g we-urea noma ingxube ye-ammonium nitrate, i-superphosphate ne-potassium sulfate ngokwesilinganiso esingu-1: 2: 1.
Ukwenza ikhukhamba ikhule ngokushesha, idinga i-carbon dioxide eningi - ngenxa yalokhu, amahlathi ahlanganiswe ne-mullein. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ngokucophelela ukuthi umanyolo kanye nesitshalo awuhlangani, ngoba i-mullein ingabangela ukushiswa kwesitshalo.
I-VIDEO: UKUSEBENZA ABAKHULU NGOKUKHUBA
Izinambuzane, izifo nokuvimbela
Imithetho eyisisekelo yokuvimbela izifo kwamakhukhamba:
- khetha kuphela imbewu yekhwalithi;
- hlwayela imbewu kuphela enhlabathini evuthayo;
- ususe zonke izinsalela ezitshalweni ezedlule kusukela enhlabathini;
- njalo imibhede yokhula ukhula.
Zijwayele nge-cucumber eqinisekisiwe izindlela zokulawula izinambuzane.
Ngokuphathelene nama-parasites, ukhukhamba ungase uhambisane nalezi zishaya ezilandelayo:
- isicabucabu - ubamba amaqabunga angezansi, ahlamba isikhumba aphuze isitshalo sesitshalo;
- i-melon aphid - inambuzane encane, ethanda ukuhlala ngemuva kweshidi;
- ukubola okumpunga - esihlahleni sakha amahlumela amakhulu noma ama-brown, kanti nesithelo - i-grey fluffy bloom.
Thola ukuthi iyiphi i-aphid eyingozi emakhukhamba nokuthi ungayibhekana kanjani nayo.
Sicela uqaphele ukuthi akukho deinsector unikeza isiqinisekiso esingu-100% uma usebenzisa isikhathi esisodwa. Landela imiyalelo, uphinde usebenze izikhathi ezimbalwa, ubhubhise hhayi kuphela abantu abaphikisayo, kodwa futhi nenzalo yabo.
Ukuvuna nokugcina
Uma konke kwenziwa kahle, emva kwezinsuku ezingu-45 ungalinda isivuno. Kusasa nakusihlwa kubhekwa njengesikhathi esihle sokukhetha izithelo. Ukuze ugcine izithelo zibe zinde isikhathi eside, kufanele zifakwe endaweni emnyama, epholile. Akudingekile ukuthi ugeze amaqabunga aluhlaza ngaphambi kokukubeka esitokisini, ngoba unesivikelo sakho ngokungahambisani. Kodwa lapho ugeza izithelo uthole ama-microdamages (ukukhwabanisa, ukuxubha ama-hillocks nemisindo), lapho ukutheleleka kubonakala khona futhi umkhiqizo uqala ukuwohloka.
Izinkinga nezincomo ezingenzeka
Esikhathini sokukhula, amaqabunga okutshala angase abe nezinkinga ngendlela ye-powdery isikhutha, i-copperskin ne-yellowing. 
Esinye sezimbangela ze-powdery isikhutha singase sibe nokuntuleka kwe-calcium noma ngokweqile kwe-nitrogen emhlabathini. Ukulwa nalesi sifo, isisombululo se-1% se-Bordeaux liquid noma isisombululo se-4% se-sulfate esivundile sisetshenziswa. Ukuvimbela ukusakazwa kwe-vermilk (anthracnose) emifino, kufanele usebenzise ama-fungicides ("Fitosporin", "Topaz").
Isizathu esivame kakhulu samaqabunga ophuzi yizinhla zokushisa nokuntuleka kwe-potassium. Ukuze uvikele lesi sitshalo, mane usimboze ngefilimu ubusuku, bese ufaka potassium ngokuqondile ukugqoka okuphezulu.
Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-ikhukhamba okuthiwa i-"Alligator F1" inikeza izithelo ezinkulu nezinamanzi, kulula ukukhula. Ngomzamo omncane wokumnakekela, ungathola imiphumela emihle kakhulu.
