Isithombo ibhekisela emifino yokuqala yokuvuthwa - isikhathi sayo sokuvuthwa siyizinsuku ezingu-20-40. Abanye balimi banesikhathi sesikhathi sokuqoqa izitshalo ezimbili noma ezintathu zalesi sitshalo. Isidakamizwa asithinteki kakhulu yizidumbu nezifo, kodwa kusenzeka. Lolu lwazi luzokusiza ngesikhathi sokubheka izinkinga emibhedeni yakho bese ulondoloza isithombo kusuka ezinambuzane.
Uyazi? Ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwamavithamini anenzuzo (A, B1, B, B3, B6, E, C, P, PP), amaminerali (i-calcium, i-phosphorus, i-iron, i-potassium, i-magnesium) ne-phytoncids isithombo iyakwazi ukubuyisela isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela komzimba ngemva kwebusika eside.
Babanuha
I-beetle ye-bhukhakha ye-Babanukha, noma iklabishi (i-horseradish), ingabonwa ngomzimba omncane (3-4 mm) omnyama, omnyama ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka onobumba obuhlaza. Izibungu zazo ziphuzi eziphuzi, ama-5 mm ubude. Lezi zinambuzane zihlasela zonke izitshalo zeklabishi. I-overwinters ngaphansi kwezinsalela zokuvuna emva kokuvuna, enhlabathini nomquba. Ukusuka ebusika kuza entwasahlobo. Ekuqaleni lihlwanyela ukhula, bese lihambela ekulimeni amasiko eklabishi. Kusukela kule nkathi, abesifazane baqala ukugoba emigodini emaqabunga amaqabunga bese bebeka amaqanda lapho. Ngenkathi yonyaka izizukulwane eziningana zezinyosi ziyaqedwa.
Izindlela zokulawula. Ukuvimbela ukuhlasela kwalesi sifo, kuyadingeka okokuqala ukulwa nokhula ukuze ubasuse umthombo wabo wokudla wokuqala. Ukuze uvimbele ukubusika kwezibungu, izinsalela zokuvuna emva kokuvuna zisuswa futhi zibhujiswe. Bamba umhlaba ukuze izinkukhu zife ngokubandayo.
Ngokusatshalaliswa kwabantu, abanuhi basebenzisa izinambuzane ezivunyelwe ukwelashwa kwesithombo - "Aktellik" nabanye.
I-Cruciferous flea
Mhlawumbe inkathazo evame kakhulu futhi eyingozi yesikhukhula yi-cruciferous flea. Lesi sinambuzane esincane (2-3 mm) sombala omnyama (ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, omnyama, ohlaza) onobuciko obunamathemikhali, osheshayo ukusiva esitshalweni ukutshala. Kulimaza amaqabunga esithombo, izimbobo zokudla kuzo. Iyakwazi ukulimaza ipuleti leqabunga, eliphula inqubo ye-photosynthesis. Ngenxa yalokho, lesi sitshalo siyeka ukukhula futhi singafa ngisho nokufa. Okuyingozi kakhulu ukutshala isithombo esincane emasontweni amabili okuqala emva kokuhluma, njengoba sikwazi ukuwabhubhisa ngokuphelele. Isikhathi esihle sokuhlaselwa kwale nkathazo kuyinto elishisayo ehlobo ehlobo.
I-Larvae overwinter ezitshalweni zezitshalo, inhlabathi. Lapho kufika entwasahlobo, baqala ukuxazulula izitshalo ezinobuthi ezivela emndenini weklabishi, futhi lapho i-cruciferous ihluma ihlumela, ihamba iminyanya kubo. Amaqanda abekwe enhlabathini ekuqaleni nangaphakathi kwehlobo. Ngenkathi yonyaka isizukulwane esisodwa seklabishi sikhuphuka.
Izindlela zokulawula. Ukuze kuvikelwe umonakalo ku-flea umbhede wezitshalo ezitshalwe nge-slurry. Kufanele futhi nesikhathi sokubhubhisa ukhula futhi ufeze ukuvunwa kwekwindla kanye nokumba engadini. Ngesikhathi sokutshala isitshalo, kuyadingeka, uma kunokwenzeka, ukuba uyidle, ngokuvamile ukhulule phansi phansi ngaphansi kwawo bese uwuthambisa. Konke lokhu kuzothuthukisa ukukhula kwesithombo, kanti isitshalo esinamandla nesithuthukisiwe isisongelo esinamandla sokuthi ngeke kube khona. Futhi esimweni esishisayo, isithombo sesithombo sihlanganiswa namaqabunga e-burdock namagatsha ase-fir. 
Ngaphambi kokuba uhlakaze isithombo kusuka emafreyini ama-insecticide, ungazama ukugwema izindlela zomuntu. Ngakho, ngokumelene nalesi sifo sisebenzisa ukwelashwa ngesisombululo sokhuni lomuthi. Ilungiselelwe kusuka ezigayeni ezimbili zomlotha omusha, 50 g wesiphukile yendlu (1 tbsp. Iziphuzo zesobho elimanzi), lihlanjululwa ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi. Isixazululo sishiywa ubusuku bonke, futhi ekuseni kakhulu (kuze kufike emahoreni ayisithupha), lapho isikhumba singakabikho ukudoba, senza amahlamvu. Uku-ukumnika kwangaphambi kufanele kuhlungwe. Futhi, isisombululo sisetshenziswa ngokushesha ngemva kokuchelela.
Ungakwazi nje ukusakaza umlotha okhuni ensimini. Le nqubo iqhutshwa izikhathi ezimbili noma kathathu ngezikhathi ezine kwezinsuku ezinhlanu. Ngendlela efanayo, ama-radishes aphathwa ngothuli kagwayi, umlotha, i-tansy powder (1 matchbox / 1 sq. M), i-celandine. Hlaza udoti kanye ne-infusions ka-garlic, phezulu kwezithelo. Ngemuva kokuphuza noma ukuwazisa idatha kudinga ukuphindaphindiwe.
Kubalulekile! Uma kusetshenzwa amakhambi omuthi we-radish kufanele adluliselwe ekutsheni ukuchelela. Uma kungenjalo, izixazululo zizohlanzwa futhi zingabi nomphumela oyifunayo.
Abanye abalimi bendawo yokulala bahlala nge-agrospan, indwangu emhlophe engeyona eboshwe, engathinti kakhulu amahlumela amancane. Noma ubeke izitshalo ngaphansi kwamabhodlela epulasitiki. Kuyasiza ukumisa ukusabalala kwesikhumba okwesikhashana. Uma izithombo ziqinile, kumele zivuleke futhi ziphathwe ngesisombululo somlotha.
Faka isicelo futhi usebenzise izicupho. Ngalokhu, isibonelo, eduze kwezitshalo, indwangu, i-plywood noma amaflegi ephepha, kufakwe iglue elingasetshenzisiwe. Inqubo yokuhambisa i-fleas inamathele phezulu.
Uma kunjalo, uma izindlela eziphilayo zingasizi futhi zikhona ingozi enkulu yokulahlekelwa kwemali, kusetshenziselwa ukusetshenziswa kwamalungiselelo okubulala izinambuzane ezivela ku-cruciferous flea. Inta-Vir, Aktellik, Fufanon izosiza ukunqoba. Ukucubungula kwenziwa kuphela ezinyathelweni zakuqala zokuthuthukiswa kwesithombo.
Kubalulekile! Ukusetshenziswa kwezinambuzane zokwelapha isithombo kuyisilinganiso esidingekayo ngokweqile, lapho ezinye izindlela zokulwa nezinambuzane zingenamandla. Ukufafaza kwenziwa ngaphambi kwezinsuku ezingu-20 ngaphambi kokuvuna.
I-Whitefish (i-white wave)
Ivemvane emhlophe iyinvemvane emhlophe ngamathiphu amnyama amaphiko ayo. Ingabe ubude obungama-20-25 mm, amaphiko amaphiko - 40-50 mm. Ivemvane ngokwabo ayilimazi imifino. Kodwa izibungu zalo ziyizinambuzane ezidla amaqabunga ezitshalo. Badla amaqabunga kusukela emaphethelweni noma aqoqa izimbobo, okwenza umonakalo omkhulu kulesi sitshalo. Amacimbi we-white volushka eluhlaza anezigqoko zokukhanya afinyelela ubude buka-30-40 mm. Ngemuva kokuhamba ngo-Mashi-Meyi, ama-butterflies amabhu abeka amaqanda awo emaqabunga ezitshalo zeklabishi. Ngesikhathi esizayo izizukulwane 1-5 zingathuthuka.
Izindlela zokulawula. Izinyathelo eziyinhloko zokulwa nalezi zinambuzane zokushukela yizi:
- ukujikeleza kwezitshalo;
- ukuhlwanyela ekuqaleni;
- ukubhujiswa kokhula olubulalayo;
- ukuqoqa amathrekhi ngesandla;
- ukupomfaza ngesisombululo sikasawoti, ipilisi yesinaphi nomhlabathi (izipuni ezimbili zesinaphi, izipuni ezimbili zikasawoti, 1 tsp. obomvu noma omnyama omnyama / amalitha ayishumi amanzi);
- ukwelashwa ngamalungiselelo e-biological and amakhemikhali (uma kwenzeka izilonda zesisindo).
Inani lezinambuzane lingancishiswa ngokutshala i-dill, izaqathe, anyanisi kanye ne-fennel eceleni kwama-radishes. Lezi zitshalo ziyakwazi ukuheha izinambuzane ezivela ezitheni zemvelo zenundu.
Spring Iklabishi Fly
Izimpungushe zezinambuzane ezincane ze-klabishi fly spring zithinta izimpande kanye iziqu, gnawing kubo. Indiza inomzimba ongamamitha angu-6 ubude, imbobo embala ngamaphiko obala. Izimpungushe zimhlophe, 8 mm ubude. Ama-egg laying ayenziwa enhlabathini. Ukubusika kwe-pupa yendiza nakho kwenzeka lapho. Phakathi nenkathi izizukulwane ezimbili ziyaqedwa, okuyinto eyingozi kunazo zonke ezokuqala izitshalo zemifino. Izitshalo ezilimaza lezi zinambuzane zinyama, ziyabuna futhi ziyafa njalo.
Izindlela zokulawula. Ungesabisa iklabishi ufeze ngokufafaza imibhede nezitshalo phansi kwesitshalo esinothuli lwegwayi. Ungasebenzisa ingxube yothuli kagwayi nge-lime eligqamile noma umlotha (1: 1). Ukwelashwa kwenziwa njalo ngesonto. Futhi, inkathazo ingesabisa ukutshala kusondelene nesithombo sesilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi.
Kubalulekile ukulandela imithetho yobunjiniyela bezolimo: ikakhulukazi, ukukhulula inhlabathi emva kokunisela kanye nemvula, ukufaka umquba, ukulawula ukhula. Ukuze unganiki ithuba lezinkukhu zezindiza ukuze uhlale ngesikhathi sasebusika, kubalulekile ukuthi uqhube umhlaba ojulile ensimini ekwindla. Kunconywe ukuhlwanyela kokuqala kwesithombo.
Uyazi? Akugcini nje kuphela ukuthi isitshalo sesitshalo se-radish sidliwa, kodwa futhi amaqabunga. Zisetshenziselwa ukwenza amasaladi nezobho.
I-Cruciferous bug
Ngokuvamile, abalimi kufanele balwe nengozi enjalo njenge-bugiferous bug. Yilezi zinambuzane ezincelisayo ezenza ukuthi isithombo siphume siphunduke, bese suma futhi sife. Le nsizi ixubisa inhlanzi emaceleni. Ubusika budlula ngaphansi kwamaqabunga awilekile kanye nezinhlayiya zezitshalo. Izindlela zokulawula. Ngokuhlasela kwe-bugifer cruciferous kuzokusiza ukufafaza izifo ze-dope noma i-henbane. Zilungele ngale ndlela: iphakethe lamaqabunga omile omile lithululwa ngebhakede lamanzi, lifakwe amahora angu-12. Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa, baxuba 30-40 g sensipho. Ukwelashwa kwamakhemikhali akuthandeki. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, sebenzisa i- "Actellic" noma ezinye izidakamizwa.
Iklabishi Mole
Iklabishi inundu - umbala obomvu obunamahloni obunzima. Ubukhulu bayo ngamaphiko bufinyelela ku-14-18 mm. Ukuhamba kwevemvane kuwela ngoMeyi. Ubeka amaqanda phansi kwekhasi leqabunga. Ngemuva kwesonto, izibungu eziluhlaza okwe-1 cm ubude zivela kubo. Zondla amaqabunga amaqabunga okushukela.
Izindlela zokulawula. Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukwethusa ama-butterflies ukuze uzivimbele ekuqaliseni amaqanda. Lokhu kuzosiza ukuphalaza isisombululo segwayi (ama-200 amaqabunga omisiwe kagwayi / amalitha ayishumi amanzi abilayo), i-decoction ye-citrus, i-lavender.
Ungayinaki ukubhujiswa kokhula, ngoba zivame ukuba yizifo ezizalayo. Njengoba izimpungushe zezimvemvane zifa ngo -4 ° C, kubalulekile ukumba umhlabathi ojulile ngaphambi kokubanda ukuze zibe phezu komhlaba.
Izitshalo ze-superphosphate ne-calcium chloride zizibonakalise kahle. Uma kunesidingo, nokubhujiswa okukhulu kwezitshalo (ngaphezu kuka-10%) sebenzisa amalungiselelo e-biological and amakhemikhali. Noma kunjalo, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwezithelo ukufafaza isithombo ngezindlela ezinjalo kungavunyelwe.
Iklabishi Mace
Izibungu ze-moth iklabishi moth zondla amaqabunga okutshala nezinye izihlahla. Umsebenzi walo ononya wenza ngenyanga. Hibernate emhlabathini. Kulula ukufunda u-ognevka - kuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kunamabala amnyama ngaphambili kwamaphiko. Amaphiko ayafinyelela ku-2.5 cm. Amaqanda alala ngaphansi kwamacembe. Izibungu zalo ziphuzi nemivimbo elula emaceleni. Izindlela zokulawula. Kungenzeka ukulwa nomgodi womlilo, ukuwuheha ngokukhanya okukhanyayo, bese ubamba. Kubalulekile ukubhubhisa ukhula. Yenza ekwindla ukumba umhlaba. I-Radish ingcono ukuhlwanyela ngaphambi kokuphuma kwevemvane.
Lapho umonakalo ongabalulekile kumaqanda namapuni, kubalulekile ukuwabhubhisa ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ungasebenzisa foliar kanye nezimpande zokugqoka nge potassium ne-phosphorus. Uma unqoba umngcele wokulimaza ngo-10%, ukusetshenziswa kwezinambuzane kunconywa ("Lepidotsid", "Bicol", "Fytoverm", "Agravertin", njll).
Ukudlwengula Sawfly
I-sawfly yokudlwengula iyakwazi ukuqoqa ngokuphelele amaqabunga esithombo, ishiya kuphela i-veining. Kulimaza futhi amaqabunga namahlumela amancane. Ngakho-ke kuvimbela isithelo ukunamathela futhi sikhuthaze ukufa kwesitshalo. Izindlela zokulawula. Kubalulekile ukulandela imithetho ye-agrotechnical yokunakekelwa kwemifino: ukukhulula inhlabathi, ukuqeda ukhula, ukuhlonipha ukujikeleza kwezitshalo, ukuqeda izitshalo zemifucuza.
Kusukela kumakhambi omuntu wokulwa nokudlwengula, i-henbane tincture emnyama isetshenziswa: isisindo samaqabunga omisiwe sithathwa emanzini amancane. Ngemuva kwamahora angu-12, ukumnika kuhlungwa futhi kulungiselelwe ivolumu yama-10 amalitha. Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa, baxuba 30-40 g sensipho.
Ungazama futhi ukucubungula i-decoction yamatamatisi. Lapho ubona abantu abathathu abadlwengula uSadfly esitshalweni esisodwa, kubalulekile ukuthi basebenzise ukusifaza ngezinambuzane. Kungcono ukwenza lokhu ngamalungiselelo wezinto eziphilayo zoluhlobo elithi "Lepidocide", "Entobacterin", njll.
I-Rapeseed flower edla
I-beetle ye-rapeseed raped inomzimba omnyama onamabala aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kanye nama-paw brown. Kubonakala ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ngezimbali zezimbali ze-herbaceous. Khona-ke idlulela kwamanye amasiko phakathi nenkathi yokuhluma kwayo. Idla ama-insides efihlekile nezimbali (stamens, pistils), kanye nempova. I-egg-laying iqhutshwa efihlekile. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-10, izimbali ziqala ukudla izibungu. Izindlela zokulawula. Okokuqala phakathi kwezindlela zokubhekana ne-beetle umbala yizinqubo ze-agrotechnical kanye nendlela yokusebenza. Uma zingasebenzi, sebenzisa izinambuzane.
Ngeshwa, ukutshala isithombo ngezinye izikhathi kubhekene nobunzima ekulawuleni izinambuzane nezifo. Ukuze kuvikelwe ukuhlasela kwezidumbu kuma-radishes, kubalulekile ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuvimbela. Okokuqala landela imithetho yokushintshaniswa kwezitshalo - le mifino ayifanele itshalwe emva kwezitshalo zomndeni we-cruciferous (iklabishi, i-turnip, rutabaga, njll). Okwesibili akufanele uhlwanyele ama-radishes minyaka yonke endaweni efanayo, kungcono ukuyibuyisela endaweni efanayo hhayi ngaphambili kuneminyaka emithathu.
Akunconywa ukutshala ama-radishes eduze nezinhlobo ezihlobene nezitshalo ezisemthonjeni. Ukuhlwanyela imifino kuqala kuzokusiza ukugwema ukuhlaselwa kwezinambuzane, njengoba ukusakazeka okukhulu kwezinambuzane eziyingozi kuwela esimweni esomile nesishisayo. Njengoba ubona, yize izinambuzane zezitshalo ziningi, kodwa izinyathelo ezihlukahlukene zokuzilawula futhi zihambelane nobuchwepheshe bezolimo zivumela ngokuphelele ukuba zikhule isivuno esihle.
