Sekuyiminyaka eminingi emasimini ethu, i-blackberry engafanelekile yahlala emthunzini wesihlobo sayo esiseduze kakhulu nesithandwa kakhulu - ama-raspberries. Kodwa-ke, eMelika, le berry yanikezwa ukunakwa ngokwanele, ngoba yayikwazi ukuletha izinhlobo eziningi eziphezulu. Kuphela eminyakeni yamuva nje, isithakazelo kumngcwabo omnyama saqala ukukhula ezweni lakithi, ngakho-ke abalimi bavame ukuthola izinhlobo kanye nezici ezinhle zokukhula. Enye yalezi zinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-Himalaya.
Incazelo
I-blackberry iyi-semi-shrub emndenini waseRosaceae.
Umndeni waseRosaceae uhlanganisa nezitshalo ezinjenge-spirea, i-graviatat, i-kerriya, nesiNorway yesi-silverweed.
Ikhula ku-1-1.5 m. Lezi zihlukahlukene zisheshe kakhulu, zinikezele kakhulu, zikhulu kakhulu. Isihlahla sibonakala ngokuphakama okuphakathi, ama-thorns aphikisiwe (kuze kufike ku-1 cm), amagatsha alenga phansi. 
Phakathi nesikhathi sokuqhakaza - kusukela ekuqaleni kukaMeyi kuze kube sekupheleni kwehlobo - isihlahla sigcwele izimbali ezinkulu, ezizitshalo zokuvuna, kuyisitshalo esihle seju. Inokuvuthwa isikhathi eside kwamajikijolo, ngoba isivuno siya ekuvakasheni okumbalwa.
Amajikijolo alezi zinhlobonhlobo ahlukaniswa yizici ezilandelayo: ezinkulu, ezijwayele ukumboza ama-oval, omnyama abomvu noma abomvu obomvu nge-gloss, nephunga elimnandi nelinambitha elimnandi.
Ukupheka nemithi kungasetshenziselwa amajikijolo kuphela, kodwa futhi amaqabunga esihlahla. Umkhiqizo ufika ku-8 kg, ngokuya kuyo yonke imithetho yobuchwepheshe bezolimo.
Uyazi? Emasikweni amaningi, i-blackberry iwuphawu lokuvikelwa emandleni obunzima nasezinkingeni, ezinganekwane zobuKristu kukhonjiswe ngobumsulwa bukaMariya uMariya. Noma kunjalo, izitshalo zokuphupha zihumusha lesi sitshalo ngokuhlukile: ukucabanga, ukukhetha noma ukudla ama-blackberries ephusheni kusho ukuthi kunezinkinga zempilo, ukwehluleka nokulahleka esikhathini esizayo.
Izinzuzo nezimo ezihlukahlukene
Izinzuzo eziyinhloko zalezi zihlukahlukene:
- ukunakekelwa okungahloniphi, akudingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile ehlobo;
- ubusika obunzima;
- ukuphikiswa kwesifo;
- ezihlukahlukene zokuvotela impova;
- ukuphakama okuphezulu;
- kunemigomo yokuqala yokuvuthwa kanye nesikhathi esandisiwe sokukhulelwa;
- high ukunambitheka izici amajikijolo.
Ukungahleleki kungabizwa ngokuthi kuyadingeka kwenhlabathi. Inhlabathi evundile, elula kanye ne-drainage enhle isitshalo singakhiqiza isivuno esikhulu.
Hlola izinzuzo nezinsalela zezinhlobo ezinjalo ze-blackberry njenge "Tornfrey", "Giant".
Izitshalo ze-Blackberry zokutshala
Uma utshala i-blackberry, kubalulekile ukukhetha isayithi, ukutshala izinto ngendlela efanele futhi ngokufanele ukwenza inqubo yokutshala ngokwayo. 
Indlela yokukhetha izithombo
Uma unquma ukukhula ama-blackberries esakhiweni sakho, udinga ukuqala ngokukhethwa kwezithombo.
Kuneminye imithetho okumele uyithenge ukuthenga impahla, ngoba izinga lokusinda kanye nokukhiqizwa kwesitshalo kuzoxhomeke kakhulu kwikhwalithi yalo:
- Inombolo yezimpande ze-skeletal - okungenani izingcezu ezingu-2-3.
- Ukuphunyuka okuyinhloko.
- Ukungabi namaqabunga e-stem.
- Ubude bezingxenye zangaphakathi - kusuka ku-40 cm.
- Ubude beyingxenye yempande - kusuka ku-15 cm nokuningi.
- Ubudala bezithombo - iminyaka engu-1-2.
Kumelwe futhi uhlole ngokucophelela izithombo: kufanele ziqine futhi zibheke kahle, zingabheki noma zingcoliswe, ngaphandle kwempawu zokulimala, izinti, izindawo ezibolile, ngaphandle kwezibonakaliso zezifo kanye nokuba khona kwezidumbu.
Kunconywa ukuthenga izinto zokutshala ezikhungweni ezikhethekile kanye namapulazi, lapho ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi yezithombo kwenziwa ngabathengi abahlukahlukene. 
Kubalulekile! Ukuze uhlole ikhwalithi yokutshala impahla, udinga ukuthobeka ngokucophelela leli gxolo. Indwangu kufanele ibe yelanga eluhlaza, enomanzi, enempilo. Uma ubumnyama, izinkuni ezomile zingabonakala ngaphansi kwamagxolo, ukuthengwa kwembewu kufanele kushiywe.
Ukukhula nokulungiselela inhlabathi
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo kubonisa izimfuno ezengeziwe emhlabathini nasendaweni yokukhula.
Indawo yokufika kufanele ihlangabezane nezici ezilandelayo:
- Kufanele ikhanyiswe kahle ilanga, kodwa umthunzi obala obala nawo ufanelekile. Awukwazi ukutshala amahlumela ezindaweni ezinomthunzi oqinile, ngoba ukulinda isivuno esihle kulokhu ngeke kusebenze. Ukuntuleka kwelanga kuholela ekusweleni amahlumela, ukunciphisa amajikijolo nokuwohloka kokunambitheka kwabo, ukunciphisa ubunzima behlathi.
- Indawo kumele ivikeleke ngokuqinile emoyeni wasebusika.
- Akunakwenzeka ukukhetha izindawo eziphansi kanye nezinye izindawo lapho kuncitshiswa khona amanzi nokuqoqa amanzi. Inhlabathi akufanele ibe yimanzi kakhulu. Ukujula kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba kufanele kube okungenani amamitha owodwa nengxenye.
- Kungcono ukukhetha izindawo ezinezitshalo ezivundile, ezinezinyosi ezinamanzi amaningi futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo amandla omswakama ophezulu. Ukusabela kwenhlabathi akufanele kube khona hlangothi noma kube ne-acidic encane (pH 6-6.6). Izithelo ezimbi kakhulu ze-blackberry kwi-carbonate, inhlabathi enhlabathi.
- Lapho uhlwanyela amahlathi eduze komcingo noma udonga, kubalulekile ukuhamba ngemitha eyi-1 ukuqinisekisa ukukhula okujwayelekile okujwayelekile, nokunciphisa ukunakekelwa nokuvuna.
Hlela kahle i-blackberry kuleli klasi ngo-Ephreli ngaphambi kokufudumala. Umkhiqizi uvumela futhi ukutshala ekwindla ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba - ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba. Ngokuvamile, isikhathi sokutshala sincike esifundeni: ezindaweni eziseningizimu, lapho ingozi yokuqandisa izithombo zebusika iyingcosana, ama-blackberries angatshala kokubili ekwindla ngaphambi kobusika nasentwasahlobo.
Kwezinye izindawo ezisenyakatho, kufaka phakathi nomzila ophakathi, kuyadingeka ukukhiqiza entwasahlobo.
Uma utshala ama-blackberry entwasahlobo, inhlabathi esakhiweni kumele ilungiselelwe ekwindla. Okokuqala, kufanele iguqulwe ukujula kwa-30-50 cm, ihlanzwe izinsalela zezimpande, ukhula. Kumele futhi wenze umquba kusuka kulokhu kubalwa: nge-1 sq. M. I-10 kg yama-humus, i-100 g ye-superphosphate kanye nama-50 g we-fertilizer aqukethe ama-fertilizer ayadingeka.
Ngomhlabathi ocacile, kuzodingeka ungeze inani elincane le-peat nesihlabathi. 
Indlela yokutshala i-blackberry
Zitshala lezi zihlukahlukene yiyona ndlela engcono kakhulu yomsele. Uhlelo lokutshala lulandelayo: ibanga eliphakathi kwemigqa lilinganiselwa ku-2.5 m, ibanga eliphakathi kwehlathi elilinganayo liyi-1.5-2 m. Uma kungenzeka, kuyadingeka ukubeka amathafa asuka enyakatho kuya eningizimu.
Thola indlela yokutshala ama-blackberries ekwindla.
Khumbula ukuthi isivuno sincike ikakhulukazi endaweni yokutshala izitshalo, ngoba kunconywa ukunciphisa ibanga phakathi kwezihlahla kuphela ngaphansi kwemibandela yezolimo ezijulile. Ekhaya, lapho u-amateur ekhula inamba encane yezihlahla ukuze kunciphise ibanga akufanele kube. 
Ngemuva kokukhetha indawo ye-bhisikidi, kudingeka ulandele le nqubo ngesinyathelo ngesinyathelo sokutshala izithombo:
- Lungiselela futhi ufake i-trellis. Kungenziwa ngezigxobo zokhuni noma amapayipi ensimbi. Baya ngokujulile ngo-50-70 cm emaphethelweni emugqa. Ngokuvamile ezisekelweni, ucingo luvuthwa ekuphakameni kwama-50 cm, 100 cm, 150 cm no-200 cm.
- Dweba izinkinobho. Ukujula komsele kungama-30-45 cm.
- Inhlabathi ekhishwe kufanele ixutshwe nama-organic fertilizer ngesilinganiso se: ku-1 sq. m. engeza u-0.5 st. umlotha, 100 g we-superphosphate, 25 g we-potassium sulfate, okuphilayo okuncane (kufika ku-5 kg).
- Ezitsheni, udinga ukusika kancane izimpande ezinempilo, futhi ezomile kufanele zisuswe ngokuphelele, uma zikhona.
- Vala umhlabathi ngo-1/3, ubeke u-10-15 cm we-humus, uthele kakhulu. Lapho umswakama ubambelela, udinga ukusika phansi ngokucophelela ukusikeka uphinde ufafaze umhlaba osele. Ukujula kohlobo lwempande kufanele kube cishe ngo-2 cm - kungabi khona, kungabi ngaphansi (kokuqala, akukwenzeki, futhi okwesibili kungasuka noma kubonakale). Khona-ke umhlaba uhlanganiswe kahle futhi unisela kakhulu. Izenzo eziphoqelelwe ekugcineni zikhazimulayo futhi zihlanganisa (ungasebenzisa utshani, i-peat, sawdust noma i-humus).
Kubalulekile! Iphutha elivamile kakhulu ukutshala i-blackberry kuqala, bese ufaka umkhiqizo. Kubalulekile ukwenza ngokuphambene - okokuqala ukwakha i-trellis yezihlahla, bese utshala izitshalo. Lokhu kungenxa yokukhula okusheshayo kwamahlumela ama-blackberry.
Ukunakekela
Emva kokutshala, izihlahla zizodinga ukunakekelwa okunempilo ukuze zijabulise ngokuvuna okunomsoco futhi okuhlwabusayo.
Ukunisela
I-Blackberry, kufaka phakathi ukuhluka kwayo, isitshalo esingamelana nesomiso, njengoba sinezimpande eziyisisekelo ezigxile ekujuleni, nezimpande ezinamagatsha ezakha umthunzi ezimpandeni. Kodwa-ke, akunakwenzeka ukuvimbela ukomisa nokuqina kwe-coma yomhlaba.
Ukunisela izihlahla kuyadingeka ngokusekelwe ezimweni zokushisa nezimo zezulu. Ezikhathini ezishisayo zasehlobo, izitshalo zidinga amanzi amaningi, kodwa akunakwenzeka ukuwudlula bese usitshala isikhwama ngaphansi kwezihlahla. 
Izinyanga zokuqala ezingu-1.5-2 emva kokutshala izithombo zidinga ukhiqiza ngamasonto onke kusihlwa. Okulandelayo, udinga ukuhambisa umhlabathi ngesikhathi sokumbali nokuvuthwa kwamajikijolo. Ukuphuza, ukuvikela nokufudumala amanzi elangeni.
Umanyolo nokugqoka
Ubuningi kanye nemvamisa yokukhulelwa kuncike ezintweni eziningana: ukuzala kwenhlabathi, ukutshala kwenani kanye nenani lezihlahla, ukukhiqizwa kwezitshalo ozifisayo. Njenganoma yisiphi isitshalo seberry, ama-blackberries adinga amaminerali ayisisekelo: i-nitrogen, i-phosphorus ne-potassium, i-magnesium, i-calcium, i-zinc nethusi.
Uma ufaka lesi sitshalo, kudingekile ukuba ulandele le mithetho: izinto ezenzakale ezithambile zenziwa ngesikhathi sasekuseni, amalungiselelo e-potassium ne-phosphorus asetshenziswe ekwindla.
Ukuze uthole isivuno esilinganiselwe, kubalulekile ukufeza okulandelayo emva kokutshala emva kwezinsuku ezintathu kusukela kokutshala izihlahla: isitshalo esisodwa esidala sizodinga u-7 kg we-humus, 40 g we-nitrate, 100 g we-superphosphate kanye no-30 g wezinto eziqukethe i-potassium. Zonke umquba zisetshenziselwa empande. I-Humus ingashintshwa yi-nitrophosphate. 
Ukuvuna
Ukuvuna kokuqala emva kokutshala kungatholakala kuphela ngonyaka wesibili, njengoba lesi sitshalo sithela izithelo ezinhlathini zonyaka owedlule. Amajikijolo e-Himalaya ahlukahlukene aqala ukuvuthwa ngoJulayi, isikhathi sokuvuthwa sithatha ezinye izinyanga ezimbalwa, ngakho-ke kudingeka ukhethe amajikijolo izikhathi eziningana.
Uyazi? E-England, kunenkolelo yokuthi emva kuka-Okthoba 11, akunakwenzeka ukukhetha ama-blackberries, ngoba uDeveli ngokwakhe uqala ukuwazingela, futhi umuntu oye wadla amajikijolo uyobe ehlambulukile.
- Isikhathi esihle sokuvuna sisasa. Isimo sezulu kufanele sibe sezulu futhi somile (ngesikhathi sezulu, amajikijolo angathola ukunambitheka kwamanzi futhi agcinwe kakhulu).
- Ukuqothula amajikijolo adinga nge-stem.
- Ilanga akufanele liwile amajikijolo okhethiwe.Ngendlela yokuthutha, zama ukunciphisa ukuthuthumela ukuze ugcine amajikijolo aphelele.
- Amajikijolo abomvu nalabo abomvu angase ashiye ukuvuthwa emagatsheni, udinga ukuqoqa amajikijolo ovuthiwe ngokugcwele ngombala omnyama.
- Ngeke kube okungadingekile ukucabanga ngemishini: Kunconywa ukugqoka izingubo ngezandla ezivaliwe, imilenze eyenziwe ngezinto ezinzima.
Esikhathini esiqandisini ekushiseni kwe + 4 ... +8 ° C, ibhisikidi ingagcinwa cishe izinsuku ezingu-4, ngenkathi kufanele ulandele imithetho ethile: ungawagibeli ama-blackberry, ubeke ungqimba omncane esiteji noma esitsheni.
Ebusweni lokushisa okungaphezulu kwe-0 ° C, iberry alilahlekelwa yizindawo zayo phakathi nesonto. Uma igcinwe efrijini noma amajikijolo omisiwe, ungaba ne-regale cishe unyaka.
Ukudubula nokufaka isihlahla
Kubalulekile ukusika njalo ama-blackberries ekwindla nasentwasahlobo. Ngenxa yale nqubo, lesi sitshalo asichitha amandla ekudleni kwemifino ephuthumayo, futhi ngaphandle kwalokho, ayidingi ukuthungwa okungadingekile kumahlumela amancane. Futhi amahlumela amancane aqoshiwe avuselela i-lateral branching nokukhula kwezithelo amahlumela.
Funda ukuthi ungadonsa kanjani ama-bhisikijolo futhi udale isihlahla, nokuthi ungayinciphisa kanjani kahle i-blackberry ekwindla.
Inqubo yokuqala yokusika izihlahla yenziwa eminyakeni emibili, bese iphindwa njalo ngonyaka. Ekwindla, ukusika kufanele kwenziwe ngemuva kokuphela kwe-fruiting. Ukusika izihlahla kwenziwa ngaphambi kokudalulwa kwezinso. Udinga ukususa amahlumela eminyaka emibili eyonakaliswa yizilokazane nezifo zesibetho, amagatsha amancane futhi abuthakathaka. 
Imivimbo eminingi endala idinga ukunqunywa ngaphansi komhlaba, ingashiyi i-hemp, futhi intsha kufanele ifinyezwe ngu-1/4. Kubalulekile ukufeza le misebenzi ngosizo lwe-secator, ukusebenzisa amaglavu.
Kubalulekile ukwakha isitshalo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungasebenzisa izisekelo noma ukhule isitshalo ezinhlangothini ezimbili zomugqa: ukuqondisa amahlumela endala ngakolunye uhlangothi futhi ushiye ngakolunye uhlangothi intsha.
Kubalulekile! Ukuhluma amahlumela kuhlale kunesidingo sokuhlukaniswa nabancane.
Ukuzala
Ezihlukahlukene ze-blackberry ze-Himalaya zinezindlela eziningana zokuzalanisa:
- I-cuttings ehlaza. Lena indlela elula futhi ephumelelayo. Ukuze ukhiqize, udinga ukukhetha amahlumela wonyaka cishe ngo-15 cm ubude obunama-2-3 efihlekile. Zibekwe esitsheni ngamanzi aphezulu phansi ukuze izinso zimbozwe kancane ngamanzi abilayo. Gcina izihluthulelo ezidingekayo ekamelweni lokushisa, endaweni ekhanyisiwe, njalo uqaphele izinga lomswakama futhi, uma kunesidingo, engeza amanzi. Ngemva kwamasonto ambalwa, lapho ihlumela liqala ukuhluma, le ngxenye yehlumela kumele ihlukaniswe ngokucophelela futhi itshalwe esitsheni encane nenhlabathi yezithombo. Kutshalwa entwasahlobo.
- Ukubeka (okuyi-horizontal ne-apical). Le ndlela ingenye yezinto ezamukelekayo kulezi ezihlukahlukene. Kusukela eminyakeni eyishumi yesibili kaJulayi kuya eminyakeni eyishumi yesibili ka-Agasti, kubalulekile ukugxila igatsha enhlabathini enomanzi ngokujula cishe ngo-15 cm, kuhle kumathamini. Sika kusihlahla akudingekile. Ngonyaka olandelayo, izendlalelo zizothatha izimpande zibe yisitshalo esilungele ukutshala.
Indlela yokulungisa amahlathi ebusika
Naphezu kokumelana nesithwathwa okwakhulunywa ngabalimi, lezi zihlukahlukene zidinga indawo yokuhlala yasebusika, ikakhulukazi endaweni ephakathi nezindawo ezisenyakatho ezinamaqhwa ama-frosty. Njengendawo yokuhlala, ungasebenzisa ama-laptnik - amahlumela amancane ukuze ahlasele emhlabathini bese umboza ngamagatsha e-coniferous.
Esikhundleni se-lapnik kufanelekile noma yikuphi okuqukethwe okuthengwe kuyo indawo yokuhlala. Ukusuka phezulu kuyadingeka ukufafaza izihlahla ngeqhwa. Kule nqubo elula yokulungiselela izihlahla ebusika kuphelile.
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo ze-blackberry iyisinqumo esihle sokuhlola isitshalo futhi sikhulise kusayithi lakho. Ngokuvamile, ezihlukahlukene zibhekene nokukhuthazela, ukuzithoba nokukhiqiza. Futhi ukunambitheka okumangalisayo nezakhiwo eziwusizo amajikijolo kwenza kube yinto enhle yokukhula.
