Sekuyisikhathi eside ama-utamatisi ethandwa emasimini ethu, abe yinto esetshenzisiwe kakhulu emasikweni okudla. Izakhamuzi zasenyakatho zezwe zibhekene nezinkinga zokulima: i-Urals neSiberia, ngoba utamatisi uyisiko eliseningizimu. Ukubeletha akumi, futhi kulabo abahlala ezindaweni ezihlukumezayo, isakhiwo esisha se-Snegir, esingamelana namazinga okushisa aphansi, sakhiwe, futhi sizokhuluma ngakho kulesi sihloko.
Incazelo ehlukahlukene
"Bullfinch" - utamatisi omfisha, hhayi ojwayelekile, kepha okungaphezu kwengxenye yemitha ayikhuli ngisho nangaphansi kwezimo ezihle kakhulu, ezihlukanisa nezinye izamatamatisi zalolu hlobo. Ibhukhoni ayinamagatsha amaningi, okusiza ukuba anakekele. Amahlumela asemagqabeni aqinile anombala obala ohlaza okwakungenayo enkulu, eyakhelwe amahlamvu aqoshwe amahlamvu, ehlanganiswe ngqwaba elithambile kusuka phansi.
Omunye umehluko ophawulekayo ovela kumatamatisi amaningi ukuthi amahlumela akwazi ukubhekana nokushisa okuphansi nje kuphela, kodwa futhi abuyele amaqhwa; ngaphezu kwalokho, ezihlukahlukene azilahlekelwa izimfanelo zokukhiqiza emhlabathini ompofu nangaphansi kwezimo ezimbi, njengokuntuleka kokukhanyisa noma umswakama. Enyakatho-ntshonalanga, ezimweni zasendle, izivuno zivuna ngoJulayi, kanti lezi zihlahla zikhule ngaphandle kwendawo yokuhlala. 
Izinzuzo eziyinhloko ezihlukahlukene:
- ukuvuthwa kwezithelo zakuqala futhi okufanayo;
- ukumelana nokushisa okushisa nesomiso;
- ukumelana nezifo ze-nightshade (ukulimala okuphuzile, ukubonakala okubomvu);
- ikhono lokuhamba ngaphandle kokuphoqa;
- izinga eliphakeme lesitshalo;
- ukuhamba kahle nokugcina izithelo;
- universal in application.
Uyazi? Utamatisi uyakwazi ukujabula - isithelo sinenjabulo ye-hormone serotonin, iningi lempahla litholakala ezinhloboneni ezibomvu.
Izithelo nezivuno
Izithelo zefomu elifanele nxazonke, ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa okugcwele zidwetshwe ngokubomvu ebomvu. Inyama yinyama, hhayi yamanzi, kodwa enamanzi, enomnandi ekunambithekeni, isithelo sinesihlabathi esinezinhlobo eziningana zembewu. 
Izinhlobonhlobo zakuqala, zivuthwe zingakapheli izinsuku ezingu-95 emva kokuvela kwamahlumela okuqala, ngesikhathi kwakhiwa iziqu ezimbili, amabhulashi ayisithupha anezithelo ezintathu kuya kwezinhlanu ngokuvuthwa ngesandla. Isisindo sesilinganiso se-tomato singama-150 g. Kuze kufike ku-6.5 kg wezitshalo kungavunwa ngamamitha ayi-square okutshala.
Ukukhethwa kwezithombo
Imigomo yokukhetha isithombo esihle:
- ubukhulu be-stem ngepensela;
- ukutholakala kwamashidi ayisikhombisa kuya kwangu-8;
- ukutholakala kwebhayisikili eqinile;
- umbala oqhakazile wamahlamvu akhona, ngaphandle kwe-yellowness noma amabala;
- ukuntuleka kwama-ovari.
Uzoba nesithakazelo sokwazi ukuthi ungakhetha kanjani isikhathi sokutshala izithombo zamatamatisi.
Isihlahla, esigcwele amaqabunga, cishe singaphezu ngokwe-nitrogen, izithombo ezinjalo ziyokwenqaba ukunikeza ama-ovari, wonke amandla azosetshenziselwa ukwakha umthamo ohlaza. Amahlumela abuthakathaka kakhulu noma amancane kakhulu abuthakathaka ayamukeleki ngendlela efanayo. 
Uma kukhona ama-ovarie akhiwe, akukho isiqinisekiso sokuthi izithombo zizogxila. Ngisho noma iqeda, omunye kuzodingeka alinde ukwakheka kwama-ovaries amasha kakade, futhi, ngokufanele, izinsuku ze-fruiting zizohlehliswa.
Akufanele uthenge izithombo ezigcwele kakhulu esitsheni: lapho amahlathi ehlukanisiwe, kukhona amathuba amakhulu okulimaza uhlelo lwempande.
Kubalulekile! Zama ukuthenga zonke izithombo kumthengisi oyedwa: izitshalo zomhlabathi kusuka kumlimi ngamunye wezitshalo zinezakhe, inani elikhulu labathengisi, "amathuba" okuqoqa isikhunta.
Umhlabathi nomanyolo
Utamatisi udinga umhlabathi, umhlabathi ovulekile nge-reaction neutral (pH 6), enhlabathini enomsoco, izinga le-fruiting linciphile. Umhlabathi omuhle kakhulu nomhlabathi. Izithombo ezitshaliwe lapho inhlabathi ishushu, cishe ngoJuni, izinsuku zingahluka kuye ngokuthi isifunda. 
Ukunqunywa kwenhlabathi ye-acidity usebenzisa amadivaysi akhethekile
Sikukwazisa ukuba ucabange ukubaluleka kwenhlabathi ye-acidity yezitshalo, indlela yokunquma ukuthi i-acidity yenhlabathi iyini nokuthi ungakhipha kanjani inhlabathi.
Ama-peas, ubhontshisi, iklabishi ingaba yizibikezelo zamatamatisi. Akufanele itshalwe emva kweminye i-solanaceous, kufaka phakathi utamatisi. Umhlaba uhlanjululwa ngokuphelele kwezitshalo zokutshala, ugumbwe futhi udliwe ngama-humus.
Izimo ezikhulayo
Ngalesi sikhathi, izinga lokushisa lokushisa emoyeni ezindaweni ezisenyakatho-ntshonalanga liyi-15 ... +17 degrees, ngakho okokuqala kungcono ukumboza izithombo ngefilimu ukuze kube nokujwayela okungcono. Ngezinye izikhathi, susa indawo yokukhosela ukuze uvuselele isitshalo bese ususa i-condensate kusukela ku-ifilimu. Ezimweni ezikhululekile, ungenza ngaphandle kwefilimu.
Ukuze utamatisi, udinga ukuthatha indawo ekhanyisiwe, kodwa isithunzi esincane "Bullfinch" asilimazi. Namanzi izithombo ngokulinganisela, qinisekisa ukuthi ebusweni bomhlabathi ezungeze iziqu azange zenze i-crust. 
Ngemuva kokuvuthwa, ifilimu isusiwe futhi inakekelwa njengesitshalo somuntu omdala: ukuchelela okulinganiselwe, ukufaka umanyolo ngamaminerali ezinkimbinkimbi ngesikhathi sokubhakabhaka, into ephilayo ngesikhathi sokuhluma.
Ukukhula kusuka imbewu kuya izithombo ekhaya
Indlela engcono kakhulu yokutshala utamatisi "Bullfinch" - ukukhula izithombo ngokwakho.
Ukulungiselela imbewu
Izinto zokutshala zidinga ukunakekelwa kuqala. Ukwenza lokhu, lungiselela amanzi amanzi noma amvula (alula kunamanzi kampompi), uphethwe, kodwa awubilisiwe. Kushisayo, amanzi angama-50-60 ama-degree, uthele imbewu, uhlanganise futhi unqabe konke okufakiwe: yi-pacifiers. 
Ukulungiselela imbewu Isigaba esilandelayo sokulungiselela sihamba, emanzini aqhoziwe (imbewu ayisusiwe) engeza isithuthukisi sokukhula, isibonelo, "Appin" noma "Silk". Ngemuva kwamahora amathathu, izinto zisuswa emanzini futhi zomisiwe kahle.
Okuqukethwe nendawo
Ukuze imbewu, ulungise izitsha noma amabhokisi ezithombo, ulungise ingxube yomhlabathi. Indlela engcono kakhulu: inani elilinganayo lomhlabathi wensimu kanye ne-humus lixubene futhi cishe ingxenye yesigamu somfula ingeziwe. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukushisa inhlabathi.
Ukuze iziqukathi ezinezitshalo zilungiselele indawo efudumele (+25 degrees) ngokukhanya okuhambisana nendawo. Endaweni evuliwe ibonakale lapho kuhluma. 
Inqubo yokutshala imbewu
Izinsuku zokuhlwanyela ngezinhlobonhlobo zakuqala - phakathi no-Mashi noma ekupheleni kwenyanga. Imbewu ihlwanyelwa emithonjeni, ingcwatshwe ngo 2 cm, ifafazwe inhlabathi. Ngemva kokuhlwanyela, inhlabathi ihambelana nebhodlela le-spray. Ungadli amanzi emhlabathini kusukela ekutheni - ugeze inhlabathi ngembewu.
Cabangela ngokuningiliziwe zonke izici zokuhluma kwezinhlanzi nokutshala kwawo emhlabathini.
Ukunakekelwa kwesithombo
Emva kokuvela kwezithombo izithombo zidinga ukukhanya okukhanyayo kakhulu kosuku, ngakho izitshalo zidinga ukukhanyisa. Lapho kuvela amaqabunga amabili okuqala, izithombo zithinta iziqukathi ezihlukene, ukulahla amahlumela abuthakathaka. Ngemuva kokutshala, faka umanyolo obunzima we-mineral nge-predominance ye-nitrogen, okuzosheshisa ukukhula kwama-green and amahlumela. Amanzi ngokulinganisela ukuze angabangeli ukubola kwezimpande.
Cishe ngesonto ngaphambi kokutshala emhlabathini ovulekile, izimbiza ezihlahleni zenziwa e-veranda noma emabhakheni wokuqina. Qala inqubo ngehora noma ezimbili, ukwandisa kancane kancane okuqukethwe okupholile usuku lonke. 
Izimbiza ezihlahleni ziletha ebhaleni lokuqina
Ukutshala izithombo phansi
NgoJuni, izithombo zifakelwa endaweni elungiselelwe ngaphambili. Emithonjeni ayifinyeleleki, ehlala ohlelweni lwempande ye-seedling. Ukuze ungalimazi izimpande zethenda zezithombo bese uzidonsa kalula ngendwangu yomhlabathi, ibhodlela elinesihlahla liyanisela. Ngaphansi kwezingulube zathwala i-hill of land, zibeke izithombo, ziqondise izimpande futhi zilele inhlabathi elele. Phakathi kwezitshalo, ibanga lokungenani u-40 cm, phakathi kwemigqa ye-plantings - cishe ngo-70 cm.
Ubuchwepheshe bezolimo zezitshalo ze-tomato ezikhulayo emhlabathini ovulekile
Uma sicabangela ukugqama okukhulu kweqhwa lezinhlobonhlobo ze "Bullfinch", khona-ke kungenzeka ukuthi ukutshala ngokushesha ngezinhlamvu.
Uyazi? Njalo ngonyaka cishe amathani ayizigidi ezingu-60 amatamatisi asetshalwe emhlabeni. Uma uqhathanisa, ama-apula atshalwa ngamathani ayizigidi ezingu-36.
Izimo zangaphandle
Ngokutshala endaweni evulekile, kufanele ukhethe indawo eseningizimu esakhiweni, uvulele ilanga kakhulu amahora omini futhi uvaliwe emoyeni. Esikhathini sokushisa okudingayo kufanele ucabange ukuthi okokuqala ngaphambi kokuhluma izinga lokushisa lokuqukethwe kufanele liphakeme - kufika kuma-degree angu-25. Ngemuva kokuthi kuvele amahlumela kufanele kuhliswe ku-17-20 degrees. 
Lapho etshalwe emhlabathini, izihlahla zivaliwe ngokwemvelo. Ukutshala utshwala kuyodingeka ukuba lukhuni, ushiye umnyango uvule okwesikhashana. Ukungalungi okuyinhloko kokukhula ku-abamba ukushisa yizimo ezifanele zezinambuzane nama-bacteria amaningi e-fungal, afudumele futhi anomswakama.
Zijwayele ngezindlela zokulima utamatisi ezilandelayo: efasiteleni, ema-hydroponics, ku-cochlea, ngokusho kweMaslov noTerekhins.
Inqubo yokutshala imbewu emhlabathini
Izwe lokuhlwanyela emhlabathini lilungiselelwe ekwindla, liguqulwe ngokusungulwa kwama-humus no-ash ash. Ukuhlwanyela kwenziwa ekupheleni kukaMashi, ezindaweni ezisenyakatho ngasekupheleni kwebusika zihlanganisa izitshalo ngekhava eliphindwe kabili.
Endaweni ekhethiwe yokuhlwanyela, izimpande ezingajulile zenziwa, ziphuziswa kahle futhi zilinde kuze kufakwe umswakama. Bese ufafaza imbewu eyodwa, ungenzi ibanga eliphakathi kwabo. Khona-ke, lapho kuhluma, izithombo ezinobuthakathaka zincane. 
Ukunisela
Ukuphuza utamatisi kudinga ukulinganisela, "i-Bullfinch" ayithandi umswakama owedlulele, ngakho-ke imvula ejwayelekile yokunisela iyokwenziwa kuphela uma kunesidingo esicacile.
Zijwayeze ngezinzuzo zokusebenzisa ukuchelela kokunisela, futhi ufunde indlela yokuhlela uhlelo lokunisela ukuchelela e-dacha.
Ukusebenzisa amanzi okufudumele, amanzi athambile, kungcono ukufaka esakhiweni sesayithi sokuqoqa amanzi emvula. Namathisela amanzi ngobunzima obuqinile kunganciphisa i-borax noma i-ash ash (3 g ngalinye ilitha elilodwa). 
Umhlaba ukhulula futhi ukhula
Ngesikhathi esifanayo nokunisela, ukukhululeka kwenziwa ukugcwalisa uhlelo lwempande nge-oxygen. Ukuhluma kwenziwa njalo, njengoba kunesidingo, ukususa ukhula.
Masking
"Bullfinch" - ibanga elinqunyiwe, kusho ukuthi, ekufinyeleleni ukuphakama okuthile, ithiphu iyeka ukukhula nokuhlanganisa. Ngakho-ke, ezihlukahlukene, ngokuyisisekelo, akudingeki pasynkovanii, ngendlela, izingane zokutholwa ezincane ziveza isivuno. Yakha isihlahla emathini amabili noma amathathu.
Ukwandisa isivuno sotamatisi badinga ukuzala izingane. Funda indlela efanele ukufaka utamatisi ezihlahleni endle nasendlini yokushisa.
Ibhande le-Garter
Izinhlobonhlobo ezingaphansi komhlaba, kunalokho, zidinga ukwesekwa phakathi nenkathi ye-fruiting, naphezu kwamahlumela amancane, amabhulashi anamandla nezithelo angawaphula. Ngakho-ke, ngenkathi kwakhiwa izithelo ezihlahleni, balungiselela isikhonkwane esincane ngokukhula kwawo, ukuhlanganisa isihlahla kanye nezinhlamvu eziyisishiyagalombili besebenzisa izintambo ezincane. 
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isiqu sinamandla kangakanani, bonke abalimi batusa ukugunda utamatisi ensimini.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
"I-Bullfinch" iyaphendula kangcono kuma-supplements amaminerali. Ngesikhathi sezimbali, ukubunjwa kwama-ovaries kanye ne-fruiting ezihlabayo kuphuziswa ngaphansi komsuka we-phosphorus-potassium complexes.
Izinambuzane, izifo nokuvimbela
Izifo eziyinhloko zika utamatisi yizikhukhula eziphuzile, i-gray and top rot, i-brown leaf spot. "I-Bullfinch" ine-immunity eqinile kulezi zifo, kodwa ukuvimbela akulimazi.
Funda indlela yokulahla i-phytophthora, i-cladosporia ne-apical rot of utamatisi.
Ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwe-fungus kanye nama-virus, inhlabathi esakhiweni ihlanjululwa ngesisombululo se-potassium permanganate. Ukufafaza kwenziwa ngekhambi elishisayo lombala okhanyayo obomvana. 
Hlanganisa utamatisi ngesisombululo se-potassium permanganate. Ngaphambi kokutshala, izitshalo zifakwe nge-biological preparation "Fitosporin". Izinambuzane zibhujiswa nezinambuzane ngaphambi kwesikhathi sokuqhakaza. Utamatisi ungahlasela i-aphid, iqobe, i-Colorado amazambane i-beetle, i-medvedka. Uma ukhetha izinambuzane kufanele ukhethe izidakamizwa ezibanzi. Ngemuva kwezimbali futhi ngesikhathi sokuhluma, ungasebenzisa izindlela zendabuko:
- ukumnika izimpande ze-dandelion;
- umhluzi we-celandine;
- ukumnika kwe-tansy;
- ukuthuthumela ngomlotha nopopayi wegwayi.
Kubalulekile! Yenza inqubo kusihlwa, ukuze umswakama ubambe kancane kancane, futhi ungaqhutshwa ngaphansi kwelanga futhi ungashiswa uma kwenzeka uthintana namahlamvu.
Ukuvuna nokugcina
Ukutshala izivuno maphakathi no-Okthoba. Izithelo zivuthwe ngokulinganayo, ngakho-ke ungakwazi ukususa ngokushesha isivuno. Kususwe esiqhingini esimweni sokuvuthwa kwezobuchwepheshe, uma utamatisi ekhulile ngenhloso yokuhweba, futhi izohanjiswa. Ukusetshenziselwa ekhaya kungasuswa futhi kuvuthwe ngokugcwele, ngoba isiko asiyona into yokuqhekeka. 
Ngokugcina isitoreji eside, izithelo zifakwe emabhokisini, zihlanganiswe nge-sawdust, futhi izithelo zikhethiwe ngaphandle kokulimala nezindawo ezimnyama. Ukushisa kwesitoreji - ama-10-12 degrees, umswakama - angabi ngaphezu kuka-80%. Igumbi livame ukuvuthwa ukuze umswakama ungatholi futhi izifo ezingenayo ifaka.
Ekugcineni le mithetho umkhiqizo uzohlala ezinyangeni ezimbili. Geza umkhiqizo ngokushesha ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa.
Izinkinga nezincomo ezingenzeka
Ukuze ugweme izinkinga lapho utshala izitshalo, njengokuchopha noma ukuphuza amaqabunga, ukwehla kwamaqanda noma izithelo eziluhlaza, izinyathelo zokuvimbela izifo nezinambuzane kufanele zenziwe ngesikhathi. Kuwukunqotshwa kokutheleleka, isikhunta noma izinambuzane ukuthi lesi sitshalo sibhekene nokubonakaliswa kwangaphandle. 
Ukunisela izitshalo kufanele kwenziwe ngaphansi kwempande ukugwema ukushisa kwamahlamvu. Inani lomswakama kufanele lilinganiselwe ukuze lingabangeli izimpande ezibola, okuzobe zithinte isimo sezingxenye zangaphakathi. Amaqabunga aphansi ehlathini kufanele aqedwe ukuze agweme umswakama ophezulu.
Akudingekile ukuba udlule ngamanyolo we-nitrogen kanye nokugqoka okuvamile, okuhlukahlukeneyo kulungiswa ekuthuthukiseni inhlabathi empofu, futhi ngokuningi kwemifuno imigomo ye-fruiting ingahle ibuyele emuva, ikhwalithi yesitshalo iyoba yingozi kakhulu, isibonelo, izithelo ziyoba ngamanzi futhi zingenakwenzeka. 
Ukuchofoza umbala kuzosiza ukugwema ukwelashwa ngesisombululo se-boric acid (kancane kancane). Futhi ukuwa kwama-ovari kuzoyeka umgqugquzeli "Bud." Izixazululo zihlanjululwa nesiko kusihlwa, esimweni sezulu esomile, esinokuthula.
"Bullfinch" - ummeleli omele izinhlobonhlobo zakuqala utamatisi. Ayikho impendulo etholakalayo, futhi ungakwazi ukwengeza okunye izinzuzo ezingenhla: ungasebenzisa lezi utamatisi zihlanzekile futhi uzilondoloze ubusika, u-pickle, u-pickle, omuncu, uyenze ama-juice noma ujamu kusuka kubo.
