I-Actinidia yengxabano ayiveli ezingadini zasekhaya zabalimi baseRussia. Okwamanje, lesi sitshalo sihlanganisa ngempumelelo ukuheha kokubukeka ngokuba khona kwezithelo ezihlwabusayo nezinempilo. Izinzuzo zayo futhi zifaka ukunakekelwa okungathobeki, ukumelana okuhle nesithwathwa nokukhiqiza okuphezulu.
Indlela i-Actinidia Argument Ebukeka Ngayo
U-Actinidia wempikiswano (elihunyushwe kusuka esiLatinini - "acute") ungumvini ongapheli, osetshenziswa kabanzi ekwakhiweni komhlaba futhi ukhule njengesitshalo esivuthayo. Izwe lawo liyizifunda ezisenyakatho neChina, iJapan. E-Russia, lesi sitshalo sitholakala eMpumalanga Ekude, naseSakhalin naseziqhingini zaseKuril. Impilo ekhiqizayo ye-creeper yiminyaka engama-75-90. Uletha isivuno sokuqala ngonyaka wesihlanu ngemuva kokutshala emhlabathini.
Isiqu
Isiqu sokuphikisana kwe-actinidia singakhula sibe ngama-20-30 m ubude. Ngaphezu kwalokho, mncane kakhulu - cm 15-20 cm. Njengoba ikhula, isisekelo sayo siba nesisindo, siguqule umbala womnqumo ube nsundu. Isiqu sisonta kakhulu, ngakho-ke, lapho sikhula isitshalo ekudingisweni, kubalulekile ukusinikeza nge-arch, i-trellis, nokunye ukusekela lapho i-liana ingagibela khona.
I-actinidia yengxabano ekuxhaseni ibukeka inenzuzo enkulu kuneqembu elishibhile lamahlumela adidekile
Kushiya
Amacembe e-Actinidia abukeka kahle kakhulu kuyo yonke inkathi. Ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, zipendiwe ngombala oluhlaza ogcwele, emva kwawo zikhanyise kube luhlaza okotshani. Ekwindla, ngokushintshana bashintsha ithoni yabo kusuka ku-lime ophuzi okhanyayo iye ku-crimson crimson and burgundy emnyama. Ipuleti leshidi linesimo se-ellipse enepipi elicijile. Ubude beshidi bufika ku-8-12 cm, ububanzi bube yi-3-5 cm, imiphetho inqunywe ngamakhethini amancane. Ziqhakaza ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ziwela eshumini lesibili lika-Okthoba.
Ngenxa yenqaku elikhonjisiwe leqabunga, impikiswano ye-actinidium yathola igama layo
Ukungcola
Njengamanye ama-actinidia, ukuphikisana kungokwesigaba sezitshalo ezi-dioecious. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuvuna okuvame kakhulu kungenzeka kuphela uma kukhona zombili izihlahla zowesilisa nowesifazane esizeni ngesilinganiso esingaba ngu-1: 5. Owokuqala adlala indima yabavimbi, kanti owokugcina uvuthwa. Abafuyi besimanje bavune izinhlobo eziningana ezibekwe njengezokuzimela, kepha ukuzijwayeza kukhombisa ukuthi lokhu akulona iqiniso ngokuphelele. Ngaphandle kwe-pollinator, amajikijolo mancane kuzo, futhi umkhiqizo uncishiswa kakhulu.
Ungahlukanisa izitshalo zowesilisa kusuka kowesifazane kuphela lapho kuqhakaza izimbali. Ezangaphambili zibonakaliswa ukuba khona kwenani elikhulu lama-stamens lapho kungekho pestle. Izimbali zabesifazane azishadile (zivame ukuqoqwa kakhulu kuma-inflorescence amathathu), amakhulu. Okwabesilisa kuncane kakhulu, ama-inflorescence ngesimo sesihlangu noma isambulela.
Izimbali zezimbali zesilisa ze-actinidia zokuphikisana kulula ukuzazi ngokungabikho kwepestle
Izimbali nezithelo
Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, impikiswano ye-actinidia isabalalisa iphunga elimnandi elimnandi, elifana nephunga leminduze yesigodi noma izimbali zewolintshi. Izimbali zakhe zimhlophe- noma zimhlophe-ngesiliva, kodwa zikhulu (2-2,5 cm cm). Izimbali ziyaqhubeka cishe amasonto amabili nesigamu, kusukela ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi. Impova imnyama kakhulu, icishe ibe mnyama.
Izithelo leli liana minyaka yonke, zinezithelo ezinhle. Cishe ama-15-20 kg amajikijolo asuswa kwisitshalo esidala, esifana ne-kiwi noma ama-gooseberries amakhulu abukeka. I-pulp yabo ithambile kakhulu, ine-ukunambitheka okumnandi nokumuncu futhi iphunga elinothile. Imvamisa, iqhathaniswa nephunga likaphayinaphu, yize kwamanye lifana nama-apula, ubhanana noma ama-apricots. I-peel yezinhlobo eziningi iluhlaza okukhanyayo, kwesinye isikhathi ngemivimbo emnyama yobude obude. Kepha kukhona futhi izinhlobo ezihlukaniswa abafuyi bezindawo ezinamabala akhanyayo onsomi aphuzi.
Ubukhulu obujwayelekile bezithelo buba ngu-2-3 cm, ububanzi buyi-1.5-2.8 cm. I-berry inesisindo esingu-4.5-6 g. Ukuvunwa kuvuthwa ekupheleni kukaSepthemba, izithelo zihlala amasonto ayi-2-2,5. Amajikijolo awawi esihlahleni isikhathi eside, noma ngabe isimo sezulu siseduze kakhulu.
Izithelo zezinhlobonhlobo zokuphikisana kwe-Actinidia ziyehluka kakhulu ngesimo nangosayizi.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezithelo
Amajikijolo awanambitheki kuphela, kodwa futhi aphilile kakhulu. Ziqukethe i-vitamin C eningi kakhulu ukwedlula ulamula, i-sea sihlahla sivame ukutholakala kanye ne-blackcurrant. Amavithamini A, P no-Q, i-keratin, i-organic acid, ama-flavonoid nama-saponin nawo akhona ngokugxila okuphezulu.
Izinzuzo zokwelashwa okushisa azihlupheki nganoma iyiphi indlela, nephunga eliyisimilo liyalondolozwa, ngakho-ke ingxabano ye-actinidia yinhle ngokwenza izithelo ezihlosiwe, ukulondolozwa, izinhlaka, amajellies neminye imikhiqizo eyenziwe ekhaya. Kulokhu, udinga ukusebenzisa izitsha ezingenamuntu kuphela ezingenayo ama-chip (i-Vitamin C ibhujiswa ngokuxhumana nensimbi) futhi ugcine izinto zokusebenza endaweni emnyama (ukukhanya kwelanga kubhubhisa izinto eziningi eziphilayo).
Ngesikhathi sokwelashwa okushisa, izinzuzo ze-actinidia azincishisiwe, ngakho-ke zivame ukusetshenziselwa imisebenzi eyenziwe ekhaya.
Izithelo zempikiswano ye-actinidia zisetshenziswa kabanzi kwezokwelapha zendabuko. Kunconywa uma kunezinkinga ngepheshana lesisu, ukulwa namagciwane. Kukholakala ukuthi zivimbela ukukhula kwezimila, kufaka phakathi ezinobungozi. Ijusi isiza ukulwa nokuvuvukala, iqinisa izindonga zemithambo yegazi. Amajikijolo amasha atuswa ukusetshenziselwa ukuqinisa ukungatheleleki, kanye nokuntuleka kwe-anemia kanye ne-Vitamin, ukuba khona kwesifo sokudinwa okungapheli.
Ekhaya, eChina naseJapan, ingxabano ye-actinidia isetshenziswa kabanzi ekwakhiweni komhlaba. Ukusuka lapho kwakhiwa khona uthango kanye 'nezindonga eziluhlaza' ezingasiza ukufihla ukwakhiwa okungafanele endaweni. Ungahlobisa futhi i-gazebo, iveranda nokunye.
Ingxabano ye-actinidia isetshenziswa kabanzi ekwakhiweni komhlaba
Ividiyo: isivuno se-actinidia
Izinhlobo zempikiswano ye-actinidia
Ukukhethwa kwanamuhla kunikeza izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinhlobo ze-actinidia zokuphikisana ngemvelaphi yasekhaya neyangaphandle. Ukumelana neqhwa iningi labo likuvumela ukuthi ukhule isiko kulo lonke elaseRussia.
Ibhalsamu
Izinhlobo ezifika ngemuva kwesikhathi, amajikijolo avuthwa eminyakeni eyishumi kaSeptemba. Izithelo zinesisindo ngokwesilinganiso esingu-5-6 g, kepha kukhona nabagadli abanesisindo esifinyelela ku-8 g. Ijamo licishe lifaniswe nemidwebo enezindilinga, 2 cm ubukhulu noma elikhudlwana.
Izithelo ze-actinidia zeBalsamnaya impikiswano ehlukahlukene ziyahlukahluka ngosayizi
Ikhasi le-berry libushelelezi, ngombala ogqamile ngombala nge-tint brownish. Nambitha ngokuhlonza okuhlukile. Uginindela uthambile, unephunga le-tart, elifana nephunga lezinaliti zikaphayini.
Imikhonto
Enye yezinto ezintsha zakamuva zokuzalela, ezifuywa ngokuqondile ukuze zilinywe emadolobheni amancane nasezindaweni ezizungezile. Izithelo zivuthwa ekuqaleni kwekwindla (izinhlobo eziphakathi sekwephuzile).
U-Actinidia weLunnaya ukuphikisana kungenye yezimpumelelo zakamuva zabafuyi baseRussia
Amajikijolo awamakhulu kakhulu, ngesimo sesilinda ethambile kancane ezinhlangothini. Isisindo esimaphakathi - 3-4,5 g, ubude - cishe ama-2,5 cm. Isikhumba sibushelelezi, sinomthunzi womnqumo. Izithelo zinambitha okumnandi nge-acidity evuselelayo.
Septhemba
Enye yezinhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi baseRussia. Izinhlobonhlobo zikaSeptember zinezinhlobo ezimbili ze-actinidia - ikholomu nokuphikisana, okuhluka ngezimpawu, ngakho-ke lapho uthenga, kufanele ucacise kusengaphambili ukuthi yini ngempela oyidingayo. Ukuphakama okumaphakathi komvini cishe ngamamitha ayi-7. Izimbali zinde impela - izihluma zihlala izinsuku eziyi-18-25. Kodwa isikhathi sokukhiqiza asiside kakhulu - iminyaka engama-30- 40.
Ingxabano ka-September Actinidia iyaziswa kakhulu ngokuqina kwesithelo.
Amajikijolo aphakathi ngosayizi, angaphansi kuka-2 cm. I-peel igcwele emerald ngombala, imbozwe ngemivimbo ye-diagonal yomthunzi omnyama kakhulu. I-pulp ithambile futhi imnandi, ukumuncwa akukho kuhlukaniswa. Izithelo zifana nophayinaphu ngokunambitheka, noma kwabanye zibonakala njenge-apula.
I-actinidia yangoSepthemba yokuphikisana ayibambi amakhaza, ibekezelela eqandeni lihlehlela ku -40 ºС. Ukukhula okumaphakathi kwamahlumela ngesizini kungu 1.5-2 m.
Ulwandle
Izinhlobo ezinkulu zabesifazane ezinezithelo ezinkulu zokuvuthwa sekwephuzile. Umbhali ungomunye wabalimi abadumile abasebenza nabasebenza nge-actinidia - E.I. I-Sausage. I-Liana ibonakala ngesilinganiso sokukhula kwayo, amagxolo ezimpondweni yi-chocolate brown, matte. Amaqabunga aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ogqamile ngaphansi kombala ophuzi ophuzi. Emthanjeni ophakathi nendawo, agoba kancane ngaphakathi.
Isenzo se-Actinidia Primorskaya - enye yezinto ezifinyelelwe umfuyi we-E.I. I-Sausage
Isisindo esijwayelekile samajikijolo yi-7-8 g, ubude bu malunga ne-2,5-3 cm. Ukwakheka kuyilinda, kunwebekile, ngesisekelo esiyindilinga kanye ne-apex. Isikhumba sikhazimula, sicwebezela, sinombala o-lime, embozwe amashubhu amasayizi ahlukahlukene abonakala kahle lapho uthintwa. Ukunambitheka kwe-pulp kuyalingana, kumnandi futhi kumuncu. Iphunga elishiwoyo elifana nephunga lama-apula liyisici. I-tasters eyi-Professional, ikalwe ngamaphuzu ayi-4,5 kwezihlanu. Isikhathi sokuzala sithatha amasonto angama-3-4.
Ukumelana neqhwa kulezi zinhlobonhlobo kungaphakathi kwe-20 ºº. Akahlushwa yizifo futhi akuvamile ukuthi athinteke yizilokazane. Ukuze kwenziwe izithelo, ukuba khona kwezitshalo zesilisa kuyadingeka. Kungcono kakhulu uma kukhona okhalweni lwezinyosi eduzane.
IGeneva
Enye yezinhlobo ezaziwa kakhulu zempikiswano ye-Actinidia e-United States. Ukuzithobela, izitshalo zesilisa ziyadingeka ekuvinjelweni. Kungokwesigaba sokuvuthwa sekwephuze (isivuno sesivuthiwe eminyakeni eyishumi edlule kaSeptemba noma ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba). Amajikijolo makhulu, abunjwe umgqomo, isisindo esijwayelekile se-fetus ngu-6,5,5 g. Iyabekezelela ukubanda kubusika kahle kuze kufike ku-30 ºС, kepha kungathinteka kakhulu yiqhwa lokubuya kwentwasahlobo. Ihluka ngobukhulu: ubude obujwayelekile bomvini buyi-8-12 m, uma ungawuthuli njalo, ufinyelela kuma-30 m.
Izithelo zokuxoxisana nge-actinidia iGeneva cishe ziyindlela evamile yokunambitha
Amahlumela, lapho ekhula, aguqula umbala kusuka kumpunga onsundu kuya onsundu. Lapho izimbali ziqhakaza, amacembe amhlophe qhwa qhwa ngokuphumelelayo ngumbala obomvu okhanyayo.
Amajikijolo amnandi, ane-acidity ebonakalayo encane. Ifomu li-ovoid, liphakeme kancane. Ukunambitheka nephunga kuzwakala kahle izinyosi zezinyosi. IGeneva ye-actinidia cishe iyindlela evamile yokunambitha. Kepha izithelo kumele ziqoqwe ngesikhathi, zithambisa ngokushesha bese zidilika kusuka amahlumela. Isikhumba mncane, siluhlaza okotshani, lapho ilanga lewela phezu kwaso, kuvela amabala okusahlaza noma amabala abomvu.
Amafutha aluhlaza
Izinhlaka ezinkulu (8-10 g) ezinokuzala. Amajikijolo ahlelekile. Hluka ekunambithekeni okungajwayelekile kwebhalsamu. I-pulp imnandi, ithenda, ine-acidity encane. I-peel yombala we-olive. Ukukhiqiza kuphansi impela - 1.5-3 kg ngesitshalo esidala ngasinye. Ukuqina kobusika ngaphakathi -25 ºС.
Izithelo zokuphikisana nge-actinidia Green Balsam zinesithando sangemuva esithile esingajwayelekile esithandwa ngabantu hhayi
Vuka
Izinhlobonhlobo zabesilisa, umkhiqizi wasendaweni yonke yazo zonke izinhlobo zabesifazane zokuphikisana nge-actinidia. Ngasikhathi sinye, ngeke kulungele ukungcoliswa kwezinye i-actinidia (ngokwesibonelo, i-colomicty, isithembu). Ukuqothula kwe-Interspecific kulezi zitshalo akwenzeki.
Izinhlobo zesilisa zokuphikisana kwe-actinidia kweVeiki ngumpholi wemvelo womhlaba wezinyoni zabesifazane
ILiana ihlobisa kakhulu - amaqabunga abushelelezi, acwebezelayo, aluhlaza okotshani obumnyama obuluhlaza, njengokungathi owokuzenzisa. Ama-petioles abomvu obomvu. Ukumelana neqhwa akukubi - kufika ku-30 ºС. I-Veinia actinidia blooms ngoJuni. Izimbali zincane, ziqoqwe kuma-inflorescence e-corymbose. Lesi sitshalo sizwela okubandayo okubandayo.
Kukhona nohlobo lwezinsikazi lwengxabano ye-actinidia enegama elifanayo. Kuyadingeka ukucacisa kusengaphambili ukuthi yini oyithengayo. Izithelo zikhulu, zinesisindo esingu-7-8 g nobude obungamasentimitha angama-3-3,5. Ikhasi liluhlaza okukhanyayo ngombala omfushane ngombala wezitini. Izithelo ziqala eminyakeni eyishumi yokuqala ka-Okthoba.
Izinhlobo zezinsikazi ze-actinidia yengxabano kaVeiki zingokwesigaba sezinhlobo ezifika sekwedlule isikhathi
I-Issei (noma i-Issai)
Izinhlobo ze-actinidia zivela eJapan. Abadali basebenza njengabantu abazivundisayo, zazo zonke izinhlobo ezikhona njengamanje ezinamalungelo amaningi aleli gama, kodwa ukuzijwayeza kukhombisa ukuthi ukuba khona kwezitshalo zesilisa eziseduze kukhulisa kakhulu isivuno.
Ukuphikisana kwe-Actinidia u-Issei ubekwe ngabadali njengezinhlobonhlobo zokuzimela
Amajikijolo anenyama emnandi, emnandi evuthiwe eminyakeni eyishumi edlule kaSeptemba. Iphunga lephayinaphu elimenyezelwe liyisici. Ubukhulu obujwayelekile bezithelo buba ngu-3-4 cm, isisindo singama-10-15 g. Isikhumba esilihlaza somnqumo simbozwe nge-villi yethusi emfushane.
Isikhathi sokuqala sithela i-liana yezithelo zesizini ezayo. Ihlangene (ubude bungu-3-4 m kuphela), ngakho-ke ilungele iziza ezincane zensimu.
U-Liana ubekezelela amazinga okushisa aze afike ku-25 ºС ngaphandle kokubandlulula yena. Sizwelana kakhulu nesomiso nokuthambisa kwamanzi kwenhlabathi. Impilo ekhiqizayo yesitshalo isondele eminyakeni engama-30. Amaqabunga angama-18-23 cm ubude, aminyene, velvety ngokuthinta, umthunzi wengilazi yebhodlela. Izimbali zinkulu, zingamasentimitha angama-2,5 ukuya ku-300, okhilimu abakhilimu.
Jumbo
Izinhlobonhlobo ze-actinidia yingxabano yomdabu e-Italy. Isici esibonakalayo yizithelo ezingama-cylindrical ubude obungu-5.5-6 cm. Isisindo esijwayelekile sama-berry singama-25-30 g. U-Actinidia Jumbo cishe akanalo iphunga, kepha izithelo zimnandi kakhulu futhi zingagcinwa zintsha isikhathi eside. Ukunambitha, i-pulp icishe ihluke ku-kiwi. Ukuvuna kuvuthwa eminyakeni elishumi edlule kaSeptemba noma ezinsukwini zokuqala zika-Okthoba.
Ingxabano ka-Jumbo ye-actinidia iyaphawuleka ngokuhamba kwayo okuhle nokuphila isikhathi eside eshalofini.
Ubude bomvini obumaphakathi buyi-8-9 m. Ihluka ngesilinganiso sokukhula, engeza ama-2,5-3 m ngesizini. Izimbali zimfushane - zihlala kuphela izinsuku ezingama-7-10. Ukumelana nesithwathwa ngaphakathi -30 ºС. Ukuthatha izithelo kudinga ukuba khona kwe-actinidia-pollinator (Veiki, Bayern Kiwi).
Ukuluka kwegolide
Okunhlobonhlobo kwe-actinidia kungukuphikisana nokukhethwa kweRussia. Ine-hardness ebusika ephezulu kakhulu, efinyelela ku-40 ºС. Amajikijolo amnandi, anesisindo esiphakathi (9-10 g), ukunambitheka okumnandi kwe-apula kuhambisana nasespulini. Isikhumba bushelelezi, matte, aluhlaza okotshani. Ijamo lilingana, likhala kancane.
I-Actinidia Argument Golden braid igqame kakhulu ngokumelana nayo kakhulu neqhwa
ILiana inamandla, amaqabunga makhulu, aluhlaza satheli. Kude kude kubukeka sengathi kumnyama. Ingafinyelela ubude be-28-30 m, ingeze ama-2-3 m unyaka ngamunye. Iqhakaza sekwephuze kakhulu - ezinsukwini zokugcina zikaJuni. Amacembe anombala oluhlaza okotshani, ubukhulu bembali buba ngu-2 cm.
Kokuva
Enye inhlobonhlobo yaseJapan, ebekwe njengathi-eyokuzithutha, ingeyo-isigaba saphakathi kwesikhathi. Ukuvuna kuvuthwa maphakathi no-Septhemba. Ukumelana nokubanda - ngaphakathi -20-22 -22С. IKokuva imbi kakhulu ngokuqina komhlaba kanye nokuqina kwenhlabathi.
Ukuphikisana kwe-Kokuva i-actinidia liana icompact, ilungele ukukhula ezindaweni ezincane zensimu
ILiana ifinyelela kubude obungu-5-6 m, ukukhula ngonyaka - 1.5-2 m. Izithelo zimnandi, zinobuthakathaka obungenakubonwa kanye nephunga lelamula elibunjiwe. Isikhumba mncane. Amajikijolo akalwa ngosayizi ophakathi, amade, kuze kufike ku-2-2,5 cm. Agcinwa isikhathi eside.
Umjaho wokudlulisa
Isitshalo esinamandla kakhulu esinamaqabunga amakhulu aluhlaza sathela. Amahlumela njengoba izitshalo zikhula ziguqula umbala kusuka kokuluhlaza okhanyayo kuya kwezitini. Ukumelana nesithwathwa kuya ku-30-30 ºС.
I-Actinidia Argument edlulisa izinhlobo ezinhlobonhlobo edluliswayo isitshalo esinamaqabunga anamandla kakhulu
Izithelo ezinesisindo esingu-15-18 g zinesimo sesibopho se-ellipse kusuka ezinhlangothini. Isikhumba sibuthaka, siluhlaza okotshani. I-pulp imnandi, iphunga liyinto ephakathi kukaphayini kanye ne-sitrobheli wasendle. Ngisho amajikijolo avuthiwe ngokuphelele awawa amahlumela.
Taiga Emerald
Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokuqokwa kwesiRussia ngoSepthemba. Amajikijolo akalwa ngosayizi ophakathi nendawo, acinene ngesibhakabhaka, anesisindo esingu-3.5-4 g nobude obungama-2-2,5 cm. Isikhumba sikhanyile, siluhlaza okotshani. Ukunambitheka nephunga lalesi senzoinidia lifana nesitrobheli segadi.
Ukuphakama okujwayelekile komvini kuncane - ama-3-4 m. Amaqabunga aluhlaza ngokulinganayo, aluhlaza okotshani. Ukumelana nesithwathwa ngaphakathi -28-30 ºС. Izinhlobonhlobo azizimbi. Ibekezelela ukukhanya kwelanga okukhanyayo nomthunzi oyingxenye ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Akuvinjelwe izitshalo ezinkulu.
Iphayinaphu
Izinhlobonhlobo ze-actinidia, kwesinye isikhathi ezitholakala ngaphansi kwegama le-ANNA. Ubunzima ekukhiqizeni okuphezulu, ukunambitheka okuhle kwezithelo nokuhamba kwazo okuhle.Igama lezinhlobonhlobo libangelwa uhlobo lwegama elimnandi elivelayo epulpiti. Ukunambitheka kwamajikijolo okusaqanda kumnandi, kumnandi futhi kumuncu, kufana kakhulu ne-kiwi. Isikhumba mncane, imbewu incane, cishe ayizwanga. Lapho imisebe yelanga iwela khona esithelweni, amafomu anombala obomvana obomvana.
I-actinidia yengxabano yophayinaphu cishe ayinayo imbewu eyinhlamvu eyinhloko nekajongilanga.
Ubude bomvini bufika ku-10 m. Ukuthathwa kwezithelo kwenzeka eminyakeni eyishumi ka-Okthoba. Isivuno esijwayelekile ngamakhilogremu angama-5-7 avela kwisitshalo esidala.
Viti Kiwi
Izinhlobonhlobo zokuzenzela ezitshalwe bobabili ngabalimi be-amateur nabalimi abangochwepheshe. Isikhumba siluhlaza okhanyayo, sicwebezela, ukwakheka kwezithelo kuvamile, okusaqanda. Isilimo sokuqala sisuswa kakade kwisizini yesibili yokuba semhlabathini ovulekile. Ukuba khona kwezitshalo zesilisa eziseduze kunomthelela ekwandisweni kwamajikijolo futhi kwandise umkhiqizo.
Azikho imbewu ezitsheni ze-actinidia zokuphikisana kwezinhlobonhlobo zeViti Kiwi
ILiana ikhula ibe ngu-8-10 m ubude. Ukuvunwa kuvuthwa ngezinsuku zokugcina zikaSepthemba, isitshalo siqhakaza ekugcineni kwentwasahlobo. Ukumelana neqhwa - kufika ku-24-26 -26С. Okuhlobene kakhulu nokuhlobana kwenhlabathi nenhlaka ezibandayo.
Ingadi elutho
Ukuzuzwa kwabafuyi be-Ukraine, okwaziwa kabanzi hhayi emazweni ase-USSR yangaphambili, kodwa nasemazweni angaphandle. Isitshalo singaba ngowesilisa nowesilisa. Igama lezinhlobonhlobo libangelwa yithoni yesikhumba yesikhumba esingajwayelekile. Izithelo zinombala owodwa, zibunjiwe ngesimo, zifinyelela ku-4 cm ubude futhi zinesisindo esingu-5-6 g. Inyama ngombala ofanayo nesikhumba esincanyana. Ngisho amajikijolo avuthiwe ngokuphelele awakhuli.
Ukuphikisana kwe-actinidia kweProple Garden kulithethelela ngokuphelele igama
U-Liana ubekezelela ama-fric ukuya ku-25 ºС ngaphandle komonakalo. Ubude obujwayelekile bungamamitha ayi-3-5. Amahlumela amfishane, ansundu ngombala. Ukuvuna kuvuthwa ngoSepthemba noma ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba.
Ividiyo: Izinhlobo ze-Actinidia nezinhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu
Ungasitshala kanjani isitshalo emhlabathini
Ukukhetha okulungile kwesiza sengxabano ye-actinidia kuyisihluthulelo sokwenza izithelo ngokuzayo esikhathini esizayo. Lesi sitshalo asikubekezeleli ukukhanya kwelanga ngqo, kuvame ukusha lapho sivutha. Kungcono ukubeka umvini ethunzini elingatheni lokukhanya. Kepha ukuntuleka kokukhanya nokushisa akufiseleki - kuthinta kabi inani nokunambitheka kwamajikijolo.
I-Actinidia empeleni ayikuthandi okubhaliwe okubandayo, ngakho-ke kude nebanga lesitshalo kufanele kube ngumgoqo wemvelo noma wokufakelwa osimboza usuka enyakatho.
Ukuphikisana kwe-Actinidia akulithandi ilanga elikhanyayo, ikakhulukazi izitshalo ezincane
Inhlabathi ithanda ukukhululeka, okunempilo okunempilo, ukungathathi hlangothi noma i-acidic encane (pH 5.0-6.5). Okukhethwa kukho okuhle ngumhlabathi ovuthiwe noma onesihlabathi. Ubumba obunzima, udaka, i-peat substrate, kanye nezindawo lapho amanzi asemhlabeni esondele khona kunamamitha ukusuka ebusweni bomhlaba, ngokwezigaba azifaneleki.
Ungatshala isivuno kokubili entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Kuya ngesimo sezulu esifundeni esithile. Inketho yokuqala ilungile ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esifudumele, lapho isimo sezulu singalindeleki khona, futhi ubusika buqabukela kakhulu ngokuya ngekhalenda. Isikhathi esihle kakhulu ukuqala kukaMeyi, ngaphambi kokuqala kokugeleza kokuqalisa okusebenzayo. Ukutshala i-Autumn kufanelekile kuma-subtropics afudumele. Ngasikhathi sinye, udinga ukuqiniseka ukuthi okungenani izinyanga ezimbili zisele ngaphambi kwesithwathwa sokuqala.
Izithombo ezineminyaka emibili ubudala zimila kahle kakhulu. Udinga ukuzithenga kuphela ezitolo ezikhethekile noma enkulisa, hhayi emifanekisweni yezolimo, nangaphezulu. Lesi isiqinisekiso sekhwalithi yezinto zokutshala. Kungcono ukuthi i-nursery itholakala esifundeni esifanayo. Kulokhu, izinto zokutshala sezivele zihambisana nezimo zezulu zesimo sezulu kanye nezesimo sezulu.
Lapho uthenga, nikeza isithombo esinezithombo ezinohlelo oluvaliwe. Izimpande zesitshalo zintekenteke kakhulu. Kwanele imizuzu emihlanu emoyeni ovulekile ukuze ubalimaze kakhulu.
Izithombo ezivaliwe zohlelo lwe-actinidia ziqinisekisiwe ukusinda ekuhambeni
Ukujula okuphelele komgodi wokufika we-actinidia ukuphikisana kungama-65-70 cm ngamasentimitha angama-50-60. Uma utshala izitshalo eziningana ngasikhathi sinye, okungenani amamitha amabili kuya kwamathathu asele phakathi kwawo, ngaphandle kokuthi kuhlelwe ukwakhiwa kothango. Kulokhu, isikhawu sincishiswa saba ngu-0.5 m. Ngaphambi kwesikhathi, udinga ukuhlinzeka ngendawo yama-trellis, ama-arches nezinye izixhaso. Uma uqala ukuyakha ngemuva kokutshala, kunengozi yokulimaza izimpande zesitshalo.
Umgodi wokufakelwa ulungiswa ezinsukwini eziyi-15 ukuya kwezi-20 ngaphambi kokwehla okuhlosiwe. Phansi, kuyodingeka ungqimba lwamanzi olunobunzima obuyi-10-12 cm. Ungasebenzisa ubumba olwandisiwe, amatshe abilayo, amashidi e-ceramic, ama-chip wezitini nokunye. I-turf evundile ekhishwe emgodini ixubene ne-humus (20 l), i-superphosphate elula (150-180 g) ne-potassium sulfate (50-70 g). Umanyolo wezimbiwa ungathathelwa indawo ngomlotha wezinkuni (1.5 l). Noma imiphi imikhiqizo equkethe i-chlorine ayifakwa ngokusobala.
Isitshalo futhi asithandi i-lime, asisetshenziselwa ukubuyisa ibhalansi ye-acid-base emuva evamile.
Kudingeka ungqimba olukhulu lwamanzi ngaphansi komgodi wokufika wengxabano ye-actinidia
Akukho lutho oluyinkimbinkimbi ngokufika. Inqubo ibukeka kanjena:
- Imizuzu engama-30 ukuya kwengama-40 ngaphambi kokutshala, isitsha esine-actinidia simanzi emanzini okushisa kwegumbi ukuze simboze ngokuphelele inhlabathi. Ungangeza i-potanganum permanganate kumbala opinki noma nanoma iyiphi i-biostimulant. Esokuqala ngukuthi ukubulala amagciwane, okwesibili ukuqinisa ukungatheleleki kwesitshalo.
- I-Actinidia isuswa ebhodweni, izama kancane ukubhubhisa i-Earthball. Endundumeni engezansi komgodi wokufika yenza ukucindezela okuncane bese ubeka isitshalo kuyo.
- Goba ngobunono, ezingxenyeni ezincane zenhlabathi ulala. Isendlalelo esingaphansi komhlaba siyadingeka ukuze onqenqemeni lomgodi ugcwale nangaphezulu komhlaba. Umgodi awakhiwa. Lokhu kunomthelela wokuminyanisa kwamanzi, okuthi ingxabano ye-actinidia ayithandi ngempela. Intamo yezimpande kufanele ibe ngu-1-2 cm ngaphezu kwezinga lomhlabathi.
- Isithombo siyaniselwa, sichitha amalitha ayi-7 000 amanzi. Lapho igwenywa, umbuthano osondelene nobuningi, cishe obufana nobubanzi bomgodi wokufika, umbozwe nge-peat, humus, sawdust, notshani obusanda kusikwa. Noma ungayiqinisa ngendwangu esemboza umoya. Kubalulekile ukuthi izimpande zezinyanga zokuqala nengxenye zihlala emthunzini.
Kungcono ukuvikela i-Actinidia esanda kutshalwa elangeni, lokhu kusebenza kuzo zombili izimpande namaqabunga
Umakhelwane omubi kakhulu we-actinidia yisihlahla se-apula. Ngokuvamile, ayizithandi ngempela izihlahla ezithelayo izithelo futhi 'zingazungeza' ngisho. Ibekwe eduze kwezihlahla ezi-currant. Noma imiphi imidumba ekhulula inhlabathi futhi igcwalise ngayo nge-nitrogen nayo iyasiza. I-Actinidia yengxabano ibukeka kahle izungezwe izimbali ezigqamile zonyaka - ama-marigolds, viola, asters, gerberas, petunias. Abayona “imbangi” yakhe, encela izakhi zomhlabathi.
I-actinidia yengxabano etshalwe emhlabathini kufanele izungezwe inetha noma yakha esinye isithiyo esivikela emakati
Ividiyo: indlela yokutshala i-actinidia
Izeluleko Zokukhathalela Izitshalo
U-Actinidia wengxabano uthathwa njengesitshalo esingenakuzithoba. Ukuze uyinakekele futhi uthole isivuno njalo ngaphansi kwefutho ngisho nakulabo abangenalo ulwazi olunothile ngokulima izingadi.
Ukunisela
Kubalulekile ukuthola umgwaqo ophakathi lapha. Lesi sitshalo siba nomthelela ongemuhle ekomiseni ukuphuma emanzini nasekupulazini kwenhlabathi. Kokubili lokho, futhi okunye kungakuqeda. Ngakho-ke, izikhathi eziphakathi kokunisela ziyalungiswa ngokuya ngesimo sezulu esisemgwaqweni.
Ekushiseni okukhulu, isitshalo esidala sisebenzisa amanzi angama-60-80 L njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-5-7.
Isikhathi ngasinye ngemuva kokunisela, inhlabathi eyindilinga esiseduzane iyakhululwa, kepha ingaxineki. Njengoba kunesidingo, vuselela ungqimba we-mulch. Uhlelo lwezimpande zesitshalo alunamsebenzi, ngakho-ke udinga ukusiphatha ngokucophelela.
Indlela ekhethwayo ukufafaza noma ukuthambisa emthonjeni wokunisela, kulingise imvula yemvelo. Ekushiseni okwedlulele, kungakuhle ukuthi ufafaze amahlamvu ngokungeziwe kusihlwa.
Isicelo somanyolo
I-Actinidia yondliwa kathathu ngonyaka. Isikhathi sokuqala kwenziwa umquba maphakathi no-Ephreli. I-20-25 g ye-urea, i-ammonium nitrate, ne-ammonium sulfate efomu elomile zisatshalaliswa embuthanweni osondelene nesiqu. Kanye njalo eminyakeni emibili, lapho sekuqaliswa inqubo yokukhulula inhlabathi, umquba noma umquba obolile (i-15-20 l) wethulwa.
I-Urea inomphumela ohlala njalo, ngakho-ke inika kancane kancane izakhi zamaminerali ezitshalweni zasengadini
Ukuze uthole izithelo ezivuthiwe, izitshalo zidinga i-phosphorus ne-potassium. I-45-60 g ye-superphosphate elula ne-25-30 g ye-potassium sulfate iyachithwa ku-10 l wamanzi bese umvini uyaniselwa. Ukugqoka okufanayo okuphezulu kuyaphindwa ekwindla, ezinsukwini eziyi-12-15 ngemuva kokuphela kwezithelo. Esehlakalweni sesibili, ungasebenzisa amalungiselelo ayinkimbinkimbi (ABA, Autumn) noma ukumfaka ngenkuni yomlotha (imbiza yamalitha amabili ama-5 amalitha amanzi abilayo).
I-Wood ash - umanyolo wemvelo ngokuphelele, umthombo wemvelo we-potassium ne-phosphorus
Ukulungiselela ubusika
I-actinidia yengxabano eneminyaka eyisihlanu nangaphezulu ayidingi kulungiselelwa ubusika obukhethekile. Kwanele ukuhlanza isiyingi esiseduze nesiqu kusuka kwimfucumfucu yemifino futhi sibuyekeze ungqimba lwe-mulch, silethe ukuqina kwalo ku-12-15 cm.
Izinhlobo eziningi zempikiswano ye-actinidia zinokuqina okuhle kwesithwathwa, ngakho-ke izitshalo ezincane kuphela ezidinga indawo yokuhlala ebusika
Izitshalo ezincane zisuswa ku-trellis, zibeke kahle amahlumela emhlabathini. Zifafazwa ngamahlamvu, utshani, embozwe ngamagatsha e-spruce futhi ziqiniswe ngezinto zokumboza ezingaphefumula. Ngokushesha lapho kwehla iqhwa ngokwanele, baphonsa lesi sakhiwo, bese benza iqhwa. Ebusika, kuzohlala, ngakho-ke izikhathi ezi-2-3 ngesizini kuzodingeka ukuthi zivuselelwe, kuphule ukuqothuka kwe-infusion enzima eyakhe ngaphezulu.
Njengoba belahlekelwe ngamaqabunga ekwindla, ingxabano ye-actinidia ibukeka ingenangqondo
Izihlahla
Njengoba i-liana iyaphawuleka ngesilinganiso sokukhula kwayo, ukuzithenela inqubo yenqubo yonyaka eyisibopho esiqinile. Izitshalo ezinjalo zibukeka zinhle futhi zikhange kakhudlwana. Noma yikuphi ukukhohlisa ngesikhathi sokugeleza kwe-sap kuvinjelwe ngokuphelele. Izihlahla kwenziwa lapho amaqabunga ewa (cishe inyanga ngaphambi kweqhwa) noma ngasekupheleni kobusika, ukuze "amanxeba" abe nesikhathi sokuphola kancane.
Ukuze usike i-actinidia sebenzisa kuphela ithuluzi elibunjiwe elwa namagciwane
Isikhathi sokuqala inqubo yenziwa isizini yesithathu ngemuva kokutshala isithombo emhlabathini. Qiniseka ukuthi ususa wonke amahlumela omile, aphuliwe, angenazithelo, futhi utholakala ngokungaphumeleli (ukukhulisa umqhele, ukukhula ngaphansi). Okusele kunqunywe cishe ingxenye yesithathu, kuvuselele ukwandiswa kwamagatsha. Zigxilisiwe kwi-trellis, ziqondiswe ngokuthe nqo phezulu noma zakha isakhiwo esifana nes fan. Ngonyaka olandelayo, amahlumela ahambisana nalokhu.
Ukuthena ingxenye ebalulekile yokunakekelwa kwe-actinidia efanele.
Njalo ngeminyaka engama-8-10, ukugawulwa kokulwa nokuguga kwenziwa. Zonke amahlumela amadala kunale minyaka ziyasuswa, kusale iziqu ezingama-20-30 cm.
Ividiyo: Ukunakekelwa kwe-Actinidia
Izifo Nezinambuzane
Izinambuzane ezilimazayo, njengomthetho, azifanele i-actinidia ngokunakwa kwazo. Ingozi enkulu kuye amakati, okungalimaza kakhulu amahlumela nezimpande zesitshalo, ukuzama ukuthola ujusi.
Ezifo, lesi sitshalo sihlupheka njalo. Ngokuyisisekelo, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokubola, isikhunta, okucasulwa ukufakwa kwamanzi kwenhlabathi njalo. Ukulwa nabo, kusetshenziswa i-Bordeaux liquid, i-sulfate yethusi kanye nokunye ukhunta.
Ividiyo: amathiphu wokukhulisa i-actinidia enempilo
Ukubuyekezwa Kwabalimi
Kwamadolobha angaphansi ungathenga i-actinidia yokuphikisana okuhlukahlukene i-Issei. IsiJapan Mude ngamamitha amane kuphela. ILiana iyazala, kepha amajikijolo angenaso isihlahla sowesilisa mancane ngokuphindwe kabili (cishe eColomicta). Kepha kuzofanele imbozwe, njengezinhlobo ezingemnandi zamajikijolo, amagilebhisi, ama-roses. Kepha ithela izithelo ngonyaka olandelayo emva kokutshala.
UStefan//forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?t=2182&start=135
Sikhula i-actinidia yengxabano engafani ye-Issai. Kuzo zonke i-actinidia, le nhlobonhlobo ethile yokuzikhethela, ukuziqhenya, ukuqokwa kwamaJapane. Izinsika eziqinile, hhayi inetha, zingcono ukusekelwa, ngoba lo ngumvini onamandla. Sizungezwe izinsika ezintathu. I-Scourge, ngokulandelana, futhi ishiya ezintathu zokuthola izithelo ezingcono. Ngenkathi sikhula unyaka wesibili, kepha izithelo ze-kiwi sezivele zinikezwe, noma kungenjalo kakhulu. Isishayo sisongeka eduze kwesisekelo sokuvala, sikhula ngokushesha okukhulu.
I-Rietta//www.websad.ru/archdis.php?code=771934
Ngokusho kwencazelo, uphayinaphu we-pinapple umelana neqhwa phansi ku-28 ºС. E-Samara, le nhlobonhlobo iqabela unyaka wesibili (izinga lokushisa kulobusika lihle laya ku -29.6 ºС). I-40% yemivini iyalondolozwa, imiqumbe ivulwe sekwephuzile. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo, umvini onhlobonhlobo we-Weiki usekhiqize ngokuphelele ngokuya ngezinga lokumboza iqhwa.
USergey Lazurchenko//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=11024
U-actinidia Geneva wami sekuphele unyaka edla futhi engafuni ukuqhakaza ... Ngenkathi kwakungekho pollinator - kwaqhakaza, kwavela ipollinator - yayeka ukuqhakaza. Le ntwasahlobo, esinye isihlahla saklanywa kahle, ekwindla ngisazokwazi ukunquma nefomu lokugcina. Isihlahla sesibili asizange sithinte. Ubusika kwi-trellis ngaphandle kwendawo yokukhosela. Mhlawumbe ama-buds wezimbali aqandayo ... Amandla wokukhula ezingeni lezinhlobo Ezinkulu-Izithelo, Ezifanisiwe.
Irina Kiseleva//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=11026
Ngashiya amahlumela e-actinidia jumbo engavundulwanga emazingeni okushisa angaba ngu-28 ºº. Entwasahlobo, ihlumela le-cutaway laliluhlaza, kodwa ekuqaleni kwenkathi yokukhula amaqabunga awazange akhule, futhi amahlumela amaningi abunile. Kodwa ukumelana nesithwathwa ezimeni zami kungahluka kakhulu phakathi kwezifunda.
Andrii//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=396&page=169
Izinhlobo ezintsha ze-hybrid zokuphikisana kwe-Actinidia - Septhemba, i-Kiev hybrid, i-Kiev enkulu-izithelo (isikhumbuzo), Ingadi ye-Purple, Ebonisiwe. Kuliqiniso, bavelile baba kancani ebusika-baqina kune-colomict, kepha ngokwesiko bangamelana neqhwa lihlehlela ku-30-30 ºС. Ngasikhathi sinye, zihlukaniswa ngamandla amakhulu okukhula, amakhulu-izithelo (isisindo sezithelo kusuka ku-8 kuye ku-25 g), ukunambitheka okuhle nokukhiqiza okuphezulu. Kuze kube manje, ziyathembisa kakhulu ngokukhula enkabeni yeRussia.
Lia//dacha.wcb.ru/index.php?showtopic=10182&st=220
Kusukela ngo-2000 bengilokhu ngikhula izinhlobo ezintathu ze-actinidia: iPavlovskaya, Septhemba, nezinye ezingaziwa. Futhi "umfana" oxhumana naye ngezindlela ezihlukile futhi akaziwa. Iningi njengePavlovskaya yokukhula okuvinjelwe, izitshalo ezinkulu ezinzile nezithelo ezinkulu. Uma sikuqhathanisa neSentyabrskaya, okuyinto, kubonakala sengathi, inamandla amakhulu ekukhuleni kunoPavlovskaya, khona-ke owokuqala uhlala ebuka ukungcoliswa kwezimbali ngazinye. Izithelo zihlukahlukene kakhulu, okungenakushiwo ngePavlovskaya, lapho wonke amajikijolo emunye. Zonke izindengezo zabesifazane zangena phakathi kwezimbali zesitshalo sowesilisa ngenkathi yezimbali.
Foxbane//forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?t=2182&start=810
I-Actinidia Sepembera - isithombo esinezimbali esikhethiwe esakhethwe ngo-1968 kusuka kwimbewu ye-argut eyethulwa eChina. Umvini onamandla we-Woody onokukhula okukhulu kwamahlumela. Amacembe aminyene, ama-pubescent emithanjeni, i-ovoid, esukela ebanzi kuya kofushane obukhulu. Ama-clove weqabunga abukhali. Izimbali zi-dioecious, zimhlophe, zinkulu (cm 2,6 cm), zinezikhomba eziyisikhombisa, ezintanjeni ezinotshani ezicijile, ezizodwa nezintathu kuma-inflorescence, ama-axillary. Isibeletho sikhulu, sinamandla. Iqhakaza ekuqaleni kukaJuni. Amajikijolo a-oblong-elliptical ngesimo, aluhlaza okotshani, abushelelezi, eduze kwesiqu - acwathile (aqoshwe kahle), amakhulu, anesisindo esingu-8-10 g. Izithelo uvuthwe ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba. Zisetshenziswa emisha futhi ekheniwe. Isivuno esihlahleni singama-9-12 kg. Izithelo zalokhu okuhlukahlukene zinzima ukudida nezinye izinhlobo ze-Arutut. Kulokhu okuhlukahlukene, izinsalela ze-pestle zicindezelwa ngokuqinile kusiyingi berry, okungajwayelekile kwezinye izinhlobo. Izinzuzo zebanga: ukuvuthwa kusenesikhathi, okuqukethwe ushukela ophezulu ezithelo. Izinhlobonhlobo ziqinile ebusika.
USergey Lazurchenko//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=11424
Uhlobo olungcono kakhulu lwempikiswano ye-actinidia kimi yi-Purple Garden. EMoscow, ukukhula ngaphandle kokukhosela nokususwa ekusekelweni. Izithelo ngonyaka, kepha hhayi njalo kaningi.
Umugqa oluhlaza//www.greeninfo.ru/fruits/actinidia_arur_purpurea.html/Forum/-/tID/7150
I-actinidia yengxabano isitshalo esihle futhi sisebenziseka kakhulu. Ngisho abalimi be-novice bayakwazi ukutshala umvini bawunakekele. Izithelo zayo zenelwa ukunambitheka okuhle kakhulu kanye nokuthola amavithamini amaningi, abalulekile kumzimba omningi kanye nama-microelements.Abafuyi baseRussia nabakwamanye amazwe bahlala bezakhela izinhlobo ezintsha.
