Iklabishi ekhulayo

Ukulima kwe-agrotechnical kweklabishi kale: ukuhlwanyela izithombo nokunakekelwa ensimini

Iklabishi ekhanda, iklabishi yase-kale, iklabishi yasendle, "iklabishi yaseRussia", isiJalimane, isiDashi, i-Brauncol (i-Brunkol noma i-Grünkol) - wonke lawa amagama ahlukile okufanayo okungajwayelekile, okungaziwa kakhulu, kodwa okuwusizo kakhulu, okunomsoco futhi okulula kalula weklabishi-iklabishi okuyinto engadingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile, kalula ibekezelela amaqhwa futhi ingakhula ngisho nokuhlala isikhathi eside. Yiziphi ezinye izingxabano ezidingekayo ukuze uhlele umbhede wensimu kule ndawo nalesi sitshalo?

Incazelo kanye nezici eziphilayo

I-Braungol kubonakala kunhle kakhulu futhi kubonakala sengathi i-lettule evulekile kunemifino. Umbala wamaqabunga aphihlile wesitshalo uneza okufana nesaladi - ingaba yi-green or violet ebomvu. Njengoba kushiwo, lesi sitshalo asinaso ikhanda (igama lesiLatini lesitshalo elinzima ukulibiza lihunyushwe ngokuthi "ngaphandle kokunamathiselwe"), kanti iziqu zinzima kakhulu, ngakho-ke amaqabunga alula futhi amathenda asetshenziswa ekudleni, okuvumelana ngokugcwele negalikhi, imifino ehlukahlukene, ushizi kanye amantongomane, kanye nokugqoka - nge imayonnaise, amafutha yemifino, ukhilimu omuncu, ujusi kalamula kanye nesinaphi sokukhanya. Njengeklabishi evamile evamile, i-kale ingahle ifakwe, ifakwe emfucumfucu, igwetshwe futhi ifakwe othosiwe, kodwa kungcono ukuyisebenzisa njengesisekelo sesaladi noma i-tuff, njengoba ukwelashwa kokushisa kuyisitha esikhulu se-ascorbic acid, futhi le vithamini icebile ikakhulukazi e-brauncole.

Uyazi? Ngokungafani neklabishi, i-cauliflower kanye nezinye izinhlobo zeklabishi ezijwayele kithi, i-kale iyisitshalo "sokuvuselela": ngemva kokusika ikhanda elincane le-vitamin salad, lesi sitshalo sizokhipha ukukhula okunamandla, ukuze ukwazi ukuvuna ehlathini ngalunye ngenkathi futhi futhi.
Ngaphandle kokuchichima kwamavithamini, iklabishi iklabishi inezindawo eziningi eziwusizo, ikakhulukazi, uma kuqhathaniswa nezihlobo eziseduze zalesi sitshalo, lezi zinhlobo zinconywa ngokukhethekile kubantu abadla imifino, ngoba iqukethe amaprotheni amaningi, ama-omega-3 fatty acids, ne-calcium, okudingekayo ukuze skeleton yethu.

Ukukhula iklabishi yase-kale ngokusebenzisa izithombo

Kunezindlela ezimbili zokukhulisa iklabishi iklabishi: ngokuqondile imbewu kanye ngokusebenzisa izithombo. Empeleni, ukumelana nesithwathwa sesitshalo kuvumela ukuba kuhlwanyelwe ngokushesha emhlabathini ovulekile, ukumboze ngefilimu yokuphepha, kodwa sizokutshela kabanzi mayelana nezici zesimo sesibili.

Ukukhetha izinhlobo ezifanelekayo zesimo sezulu sakho

Okokuqala, kuyadingeka ukunquma ukuthi hlobo luni lweBruunkol esizolihlwanyela, ngoba iklabishi yaseKala inezinhlobonhlobo eziningi, futhi lokhu kuyinzuzo eyengeziwe: ungakhetha njalo okufanelekile kuwebhusayithi yakho.

Isibonelo, uNdunankulu noma iSiberian Kale bafanelwe kahle isimo sezulu esibandayo - kokubili kulezi zinhlobonhlobo kukhona ukumelana nesithwathwa, ngaphezu kwalokhu, ukukhula kokuqala ngokushesha kakhulu, kodwa okwesibili kunamathele ezifweni nasezinambuzane. I-Red Kale inezici ezifanayo, ingahlwanyelwa ngaphezu kweyodwa yalezi zinhlobonhlobo ngenhla ukuze ukwazi ukufaka isisekelo sokuvuleka kwama-multi-colored salads.

Uma isikhala sinqunyelwe endaweni yakho, khetha indawo ende (i-Dino Kale, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Latsinato eneziqabunga ezincane ezincane, iRed Cane) noma izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zeklabishi eliyindilinga (ngaphandle kwalokho, amaqabunga e-Curly Kale ayenamathenda futhi amnandi kakhulu) .

Kulabo abangakwazi ukukwazi ukwesaba amakhaza futhi ungalondolozi isikhala, ngaphezu kwalokhu okungenhla, kuphakanyiswa izinhlanzi ezinobumba obuhlaza noma obomvu "Redbor", futhi ngcono - kokubili.

Ukukhethwa kwamandla nomhlabathi

Ngemva kokubhekana nezinhlobonhlobo, lungisa amachashaza nenhlabathi.

Iklabishi akusilo isitshalo esinomthelela kakhulu; ngakho-ke, kungcono ukukhetha amandla amakhulu okukhuphula ngokushesha, nokuhlwanyela imbewu kancane kangako, ukuze ungadli izithombo ezithile ezinamandla ngoba nje ziphazamisa ukuthuthukiswa komunye nomunye. Kodwa-ke, usadingeka ukuthi uphume kancane izithombo, nawe kudingeka ulungele lokhu. Kuyinto elula kakhulu ukukhulisa i-Bruunkol kuma-cassette akhethekile wezithombo, kodwa uma engekho, amathrekhi amaningi aseplastiki anezinhlangothi zika-5-10 cm ukuphakama kuzokwenza.

Uyazi? Imivubukulo ibonisa ukuthi abantu baqala ukusebenzisa iklabishi kusukela ezinsukwini zeMatshe neBronze Ages.
Ukuze isitshalo esizokhula, izinga le-pH emhlabathini kufanele lihluke phakathi kuka-5.5-6.8.

Ukuhlwanyela imbewu yezithombo, kungcono ukuthi uthathe inhlanganisela yenhlabathi ye-asidi edingekayo, kodwa lesi simo kufanele sihlangane lapho izitshalo zitshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile: uma inhlabathi ingahlangabezani nezidingo, kufanele "iguqule" - iyenziwe noma iphikisiwe.

Kubalulekile! Iklabishi yaseCala eyakhula enhlabathini egcwele isihlabathi noma ubumba ilahlekelwa ukunambitheka kwayo futhi ikhula kakhulu.
Futhi-ke, inhlabathi kufanele ikhule ukuze ithole isivuno esihle, ngakho-ke uma ungathengi ingxube yokwenza izakhi ezenziwe ngomumo esitolo, engeza umquba, ama-humus nezinye izinto eziphilayo emhlabathini.

Ukuhlwanyela imbewu yezithombo

Siqala ukulungisa izithombo cishe amasonto ayisithupha ngaphambi kokuphela kwesithwathwa, kulokhu, ngaphambi kokutshala emhlabathini ovulekile, amahlumela ayoqiniswa kahle futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ngeke aphume, ngoba kuzoba nzima ukuthi izithombo zivuthwe endaweni entsha.

Ukhukhamba, i-dill, ubhontshisi, amazambane, i-sage, i-radishes, i-garlic, i-peas, i-chard, i-beet, isipinashi, nesilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi kukhona omakhelwane abahle beklabishi.
Ukwelashwa kwembewu kuyadingeka. Ukuze wenze lokhu, isisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate kufanelekile, kodwa kungcono ukuthenga izimpande ezikhethekile. I-tray elungiselelwe nomhlabathi kahle uthele amanzi amancane afudumele.

Hlela ngokucophelela imbewu bese uyifafaza ngaphezu kwengqimba yesigamu se-intshi yomhlabathi, ngakho-ke zonke izinyathelo zokuqapha zingcolisa inhlabathi.

Phonsa ubuso bomhlaba ebhodleleni le-spray bese ulibeka endaweni ekhanyisiwe.

Izimo nokunakekela izitshalo

Kuze kufike isikhathi sokuvela kwamahlumela, siqinisekisa ukuthi inhlabathi ayimile, kodwa esikhundleni sokunisela sisisebenzisa. Ukunakekelwa ngokufanele kokuhlwanyela kusho ukugwema ukugxila ngaphezulu komhlaba, ngoba kungenjalo kukhona amathuba okuba imbewu ishintshwe yilokho okuthiwa "umlenze omnyama". Yingakho kubalulekile ukutshala imbewu emhlabathini omanzi, kepha ukuphuza kumele kulungiswe.

Uyazi? I-legend ehlobene nomsuka weklabishi, ithi ama-droplets sweat agxila emhlabathini evela ekhanda likaGeorge Jupiter. Kusukela kubo kwakhula iklabishi.

Ukunakekelwa kwesithombo

Njengoba ukuvela kwamahlumela kudingeke ukuba kube mncane, kushiya amahlumela anamandla kakhulu ebangeni elingaba ngu-2 cm komunye nomunye.

Ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa emva kokuhluma, izithombo zidinga ukuxoshwa - kufanele zihlale ezimbizeni ezihlukene (ubude obukhulu nobubanzi besitsha esinjalo ngu-5 cm), ukulingana okulodwa kuleso naleso. Le nqubo ayimpoqo, kodwa kubonakala ukuthi emva kokukhetha, izithombo ziqina futhi zibekezelele kangcono ukutshala endaweni evulekile.

Kubalulekile! Ubuningi bokukhanya - isici esibalulekile ekunakekeleni izithombo zeklabishi, uma kunesidingo, kuphakanyiswe ngisho ukugqamisa ngokuhlakanipha.

Ukutshala iklabishi izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile

Ukutshala izithombo embhedeni kubalulekile ukuthi izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi ligcinwe ezingeni hhayi ngaphansi kwama-degree angu-15.

Uma ukhetha indawo yokulima, zama ukuyeka ukukhetha entabeni noma okungenani uqinisekise ukuthi inhlabathi ine-drainage enhle. Ukuqhuma kwamanzi - isimo esibi se-braunkola ekhulayoNgakho-ke, uma isakhiwo sakho sisendaweni ephansi, kungcono ukwakha okubizwa ngokuthi umbhede ophezulu wokukhulela lesi sitshalo.

Isikimu sokutshala iklabishi se-kale sincike ezihlotsheni ozikhethayo, kodwa kunoma yikuphi, isitshalo ngasinye kufanele sinikezwe "isikhala saso" ukuze ibanga elingumakhelwane abaseduzane okungenani libe ngu-0.4 m, futhi ngokusabalalisa izinhlobo nakakhulu.

Izimbiza zezitshalo zidinga ukumba ngokujulile, ukuze ngaphambi kokuba udlulisele phansi emgodini ungafaka umquba.

Njengoba ukugqoka okuphezulu, umquba nomuthi womuthi, kanye ne-nitrophoska, kufanelekile.
Hlanganisa ingxube ngqo emgodini, uphonsa izithombo lapho ngenhla yomhlaba noma i-peat pot, ufafaze ngenhlabathi evundile evundile futhi uchithe ngokucophelela ukuze kungabikho izimbobo zomoya emgodini.

Kubalulekile! Uma usengakwazi ukubala isikhathi sokuhlwanyela imbewu futhi izithombo zikhule kakhulu, ukuze kube nokuzinza okukhulu, kungcono ukucwilisa lezi zitshalo kancane kancane emhlabathini ukuze ubuso bomhlabathi bube ngamanqamu okuqala.
Ngaphezulu kakhulu emgodini sithela umhlaba owomileyo ukuze emva kokumisa umhlabathi ungangeni enhlakeni.

Ukunakekela nokulima iklabishi ngaphambilini ensimini

Ngokukhetha kahle kwenhlabathi, indawo yokuhlala imibhede nokuhlonipha ibanga phakathi kwezitshalo, iklabishi yase-kale ikhula ngokushesha futhi ayidingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile. Kodwa kunezimo, ukugcinwa okudingekile nje ukukhula okuhle kwalesi siko. Okuyinhloko ukuphuza.

Indlela yokuqhuba ukuchelela

Ngezinye izikhathi kunzima ukuba ihlobo elingenalwazi lihlala ehlobo ukuze libhekane nezidingo ze-grunkol emswakama, ngoba kokubili amandla amakhulu nokuntuleka kwesitshalo ukubekezelela ngokulinganayo.

Ukuze ungalingani, inhlabathi ezungeze isihlahla ngasinye kufanele ibe kuvame ukukhululeka: lena yindlela kuphela yokubona ngokucacile uma inhlabathi isomile, ngoba nge-crust eyomile ebusweni, izimpande zesitshalo ziyobola emanzini aphelile. Inani lamanzi kumele likhule ngokushesha nje lapho izithombo ziqala futhi ziqale ukukhula.

Uyazi? Uma ungawaphuzi iklabishi amasonto ambalwa ngaphambi kokuvuna kokugcina, izogcinwa isikhathi eside, futhi inani le-fiber ewusizo emaqabunga ayo liyoba ngaphezulu kakhulu.
Njengoba, njengoba kushiwo, amaqabunga ama-curly angamaqabunga angadliwa emhlathini ngezikhathi ezithile ngezikhathi ezithile, umthetho okhulunywe ngenhla awukwazi ukugcinwa njalo: ngesikhathi sehlobo isitshalo sidinga ukuchelela njalo, futhi ikhefu kufanele lenziwe kuphela ekwindla, ngaphambi kokuthi "ukuvala" inkathi . Phuza imibhede kufanele ibe kusihlwa, kungenjalo imisebe yelanga, ewela emanzini amanzi asele emaqabunga, ibangele ukuthi ivutha, okungabonakalisa kakhulu isitshalo.

Ukulawula ukhula

Esinye isimo esibalulekile sokuvuna okuhle - weeding njalo. Iklabishi, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwamasonto okuqala ngemuva kokutshala emhlabathini ovulekile, unomona omkhulu wokuba khona kwamandla aseduze.

Ukubulala ama-Herbicide njenge-Hurricane Forte, Zencore, Reglon Super, Agrokiller, Ground, Lontrel-300, Roundup, Lazurit, uTitus izokusiza ekulawuleni ukhula.
Ngakho-ke, uma kungenakwenzeka ukuqapha ubumsulwa bomhlabathi, kutuswa ukusebenzisa i-mulching.

Ukukhulula nokukhuphuka kwenhlabathi

Inhlabathi ezungeze isihlahla kufanele ihlale ikhululekile, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhulula emva kokuphuza, ngoba, uma umile, inhlabathi yenza i-dense crust, eqala ukuphahlazeka. Le ngqimba ivimbela lesi sitshalo ekuphefumuleni, futhi umswakama uphephe ngokusebenzisa imifantu. Iklabishi enhle futhi enamandla ikhula lapho umhlaba owuzungezayo uhlahlela. Inqubo yokuqala kufanele yenziwe uma isitshalo sikhula ngamasentimitha ambalwa, bese uphinda izikhathi eziningana phakathi nenkathi lapho kudingeka.

Ukuhambisana nale mithetho elula kuyisici esibalulekile ekuvimbelweni kwezifo ezifungayo zeklabishi.

Umanyolo

Umanyolo awukwenziwe okungaphezu kwesisodwa njalo emavikini ayisithupha. Uma inhlabathi yayilungiselelwe kahle ukutshala i-brauncol ekwindla, ngesikhathi sonyaka sekuwanele ukubamba izithako ezimbili zeklabishi.

Ezimayini, iklabishi idinga kakhulu i-nitrogen ne-potassium, futhi kusukela e-organicics iphendula kahle kumquba omanzi.
Kubalulekile! Umanyolo usetshenziswa enhlabathini enomanzi, ngaphandle kwalokho izimpande zesitshalo zingase zihlupheke ngokushiswa kwamakhemikhali.

Ukuvikelwa kwezinambuzane nezifo

I-Kale, njenganoma iluphi iklabishi, iyakwazi ukuhlasela izinambuzane ezihlukahlukene kanye nezifo eziphilayo. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokubhekana nayo iwukuthi ukuvimbela.

Kuze kube sekugcineni, uma kunikezwa ukuthi amaqabunga e-braungola aya etafuleni kulo lonke isikhathi, kungcono ukusebenzisa amakhemikhali anobuthi, kepha izindlela eziphephile - izibalo zezinto eziphilayo noma izici zabantu: isisombululo seseva, ama-infusions ezitshalo ezihlukahlukene (umhlonyane, ugarlic nezinye izinhlobo eziningi ze-antiseptics).

Ukuvuna nokugcina isivuno

I-braunkol evezwe ezihlukahlukene ezihlukahlukene ezivuthiwe zivuthwa ngendlela ehlukile, kodwa ngokujwayelekile kungashiwo ukuthi izinyanga ezimbili nengxenye izinyanga ezintathu emva kokuhlwanyela imbewu noma isigamu kuya ezinyangeni ezimbili nengxenye ngemuva kokutshala izithombo embhedeni ongathola isivuno esihle.

Okuphawulekayo: ungaqala ukusika amaqabunga esaladi lapho isitshalo sifinyelela okungenani okungama-20 cm. Okokuqala, amaqabunga avuthiwe avuthiwe, ngakho-ke kuyoba lula ukuba lesi sitshalo sibuyele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zama ukuthatha kancane kancane ehlathini ngalinye ukuze ungalahlekelwa yonke inqwaba eluhlaza.

Uma lokhu kungenakwenzeka, kubalulekile ukuthi ushiye okungenani u-5 cm we-stem ngaphezu komhlaba, amaqabunga amasha azogeleza kuwo, futhi isitshalo ngeke sife.

Kubalulekile! Amaqabunga amakhulu omaklabishi amancane alahlekelwa ukuthambekela kwawo futhi athole intukuthelo, ngakho-ke akusifisi ukuphuza isikhathi sokuvuna.
Ukuhlanza kokugcina kwenziwa emva kweqhwa lokuqala. Awukwazi ukuvumela iklabishi ukuba iqhwa, ngaphandle kwalokho amaqabunga azolahlekelwa konke okuhehayo.

Isinyathelo sokuqala ukusebenzisa amaqabunga amancane awonakele, izibonelo ezikhethiwe ezinempilo zingagcinwa isikhathi eside.

Indawo ekahle yokugcina i-kale - i-cellar: kudinga ukushisa okuphansi, umswakama ophezulu kanye nokuphuza umoya omuhle. Kunezindlela eziningi zokugcina: ezibekwe ohlangothini owodwa, ulenga noma ugoqa imfoloko ngayinye ephephandabeni. Ngokungafani neklabishi omhlophe, i-kale ngeke ikwazi ukugcinwa isikhathi eside ngokwanele, lesi sitshalo asikwenziwanga ngalokhu. Indlela enhle yokuqinisekisa ukuvuna okuhlala njalo kubanda.

I-Curly kale - isitshalo semifino esiwusizo kakhulu, esinezinzuzo eziningi ngisho nokuqhathaniswa nezinye iklabishi.

Izinzuzo zayo eziyinhloko - ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali okuhlukile, ikhono "lokuphulukisa" ngemva kokuvuna ngisho nokukhula njengenhlalakahle, kanye nokunethezeka kokunakekelwa nokunambitheka kakhulu.