Ithanga isitshalo esitshalwa emithini yomndeni omkhulu wethanga. Leli siko liyahlobisa futhi liyadla. Isici esiyingqayizivele sokudla yizithelo zesisindo esikhulu, lapho izinga lokushisa eliphakeme lifinyelela ku-20 kg, futhi ezimweni ezipholile ezifudumele zikhula zibe ngama-50 kg. Ngokuya ngemithetho ethile, ukunakekelwa nokutshala imidondoshiya akubangeli izinkinga zabalimi.
Ukukhulisa izithombo zethanga
Le imifino ikhula ngezindlela ezimbili: ngokuhlwanyela emhlabathini noma ngokusebenzisa izithombo. Indlela yesibili ilungele izindawo ezinobusika obumakhaza futhi izokuvumela ukuthi uthole isivuno ngokushesha. Ezinye izinhlobo zingatshalwa kusetshenziswa ama-bush pre-older, njengethanga le-gymnosperm.
Ukulungiselela imbewu
Isinyathelo sokuqala ngaphambi kokuqala ukutshala ukuqoqwa kwezinto zokutshala. Lokhu kungenziwa ngezindlela ezimbili: thenga imbewu esitolo noma ususe ezitsheni ezikhona bese ulungiselela ukutshala. Udinga ukwenza lokhu:
- Bamba emanzini amahora angama-1-2 at lokushisa lika-40 ... +45 ° C.
- Songa ngendwangu emanzi bese ugcina izinsuku ezingama-2-3 endaweni efudumele kuze kuhlume.
- Ngemuva kokuvela kwezithombo, kungenzeka ukuqhuba ukuqina, kulungele ikakhulukazi izakhamizi zezifunda ezisenyakatho. Hambisa izicubu ngembewu eshalofini eliphansi esiqandisini izinsuku ezingama-1-3.
- Ukwakha amaconsi okushisa ngokweqile: gcina amahora angama-8-10 ku + 18 ... +20 ° С, bese unciphisa izinkomba ku- + 1 ... +3 ° С ngesiqingatha sosuku.
- Gcoba, ufafazwe ngomlotha wezinkuni, izingcezu ezingama-25-30, i-1 tsp yanele.
Ukulungiselela okunjalo kuzoqinisa izithombo nezitshalo zesikhathi esizayo, futhi kuvikele nezilokazane, futhi nokukhula ngokushesha, imbewu kufanele iniselwe nge-Epin.
Inhlabathi yezithombo
Umhlabathi wokutshala izithombo ungathengwa esitolo, wenze ukukhetha ngokulandela incazelo yokwakheka kwiphakheji. Efanele kakhulu - ukhukhamba. Kodwa-ke, inketho engcono kakhulu ukulungiselela inhlanganisela yenhlabathi ngokwakho. Inhlanganisela enhle kakhulu: i-peat, sawdust ne-humus ngesilinganiso 2: 1: 1. Ku-substrate ephumayo, ungangeza i-nitroammophoska, i-5 tsp yomhlaba 1 tsp.
Njengoba izitsha zokutshala izithombo ezikhulayo, amabhokisi, iziqukathi zepulasitiki, ezelashwa ngaphambili ngesisombululo se-potanganum permanganate ye-disinitness, ziyafaneleka. Ngaphansi kwezimbiza ezikhethiwe, izimbobo ziyadingeka ukuze kususwe uketshezi olwedlulele, okulula ukuzenzela lona, ngokwesibonelo, nge-awl ebukhali. Isendlalelo sodaka lobumba olwandisiwe noma sawdust enobude obungu-1-3 cm siyadingeka futhi.
Enye inketho izindebe zepulasitiki ezingasetshenziswa, nazo zidinga izimbobo emabhodleleni. Ukuze ungalimazi izimpande ezibuthakathaka lapho ufakelwa emhlabathini ovulekile, ungasebenzisa iziqukathi zepeat, okuthi, ngemuva kokuhambisa izitshalo endaweni ehlala njalo, zibole emhlabathini, zizicebise ngezinto eziwusizo. Amasentimitha angaphansi kwama-7-10 cm.
Umhlaba osulungele, ugcwele iziqukathi, kufanele uniselwe kahle ngemvula noma ngamanzi ahleliwe endaweni yokushisa yasekamelweni.
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu
Isikhathi sokutshala esivamile yizinsuku eziyi-18- 22 ngaphambi kokudlulisa izithombo ziye engadini. Ezifundeni ezisenyakatho, kufanelekile ukukwenza lokhu maphakathi no-Meyi, ngomhlaka 10-15, okuzovumela ukufakelwa kwamathanga enhlabathini efudumele. Kwezimo sezulu ezipholile - ngo-Ephreli.
Ngezingilazi ezilahliwe nezinga-peat, kufanele kutalwe izingcezu ezi-2. Lapho ukhetha, isitshalo esibuthakathaka singasuswa noma sidluliselwe kwelinye imbiza. Udinga ukujula imbewu ngo-3-4 cm emhlabathini.
Lapho kukhula indlu, iziqukathi noma izingilazi ezinezithombo kufanele zifakwe kumafafaza eningizimu, uma kukhona abamba ukushisa, ungakuhambisa lapho. Kwizitshalo ezimi emafasiteleni, kungcono ukwenza abamba ukushisa okuvela esikhwameni sepulasitiki noma ifilimu elinamathele. Kanye njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-7, indawo yokukhosela kufanele isuswe kancane ukuze umoya omncane ungene. Ungathambisa insiza engezansi ngesibhamu sokufafaza, umhlaba akufanele wome. Izinga lokushisa elikhulu lasemini liyi + 19 ... + 24 ° С, izinga lokushisa eliphakathi nobusuku kufanele liphansi kancane + 14 ... +16 ° С.
Ukunakekela izithombo
Lapho kuvela amahlumela, kubalulekile ukususa ifilimu nokujikeleza amabhodwe njalo ngezinsuku ezi-3 ukuze izithombo zikhule ngokulinganayo futhi zinganciki ekubhekeni. Uma izithombo zidonswa kakhulu, ungangehlisa izinga lokushisa ngezinsuku eziyi-7:
- + 16 ... +18 ° C phakathi nosuku;
- + 11 ... +14 ° С ebusuku.
Ukunisela kufanele kube njalo, kepha ukubhala amanzi akufanele kwenziwe, kungcono ukukwenza lokhu ngezingxenye ezincane. Kusebenza kahle ukusebenzisa isibhamu sokufafaza, ukuzama ukuthambisa hhayi ungqimba oluphezulu kuphela, kepha futhi nokuthoba inhlabathi ku-cm cm ngokujula. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi emakamelweni anomswakama ophezulu, i-substrate yoma kancane.
Ukugqokwa kokuphakelayo nakho kunomthelela omuhle, kufanele kusetshenziswe emhlabeni okhululwe kancane, ungakwenza lokhu ngokucophelela ngomdlalo okhombe noma i-toothpick. INitrofoska ilungile, edinga ukondliwa ezinsukwini eziyi-7 ngemuva kokuvela kwamahlumela. Ibhakede lamanzi lidinga i-7-8 g yomanyolo. Uma izithombo zikhula ezimbizeni ezihlukile, khona-ke i-1 tsp yanele. ngaphansi kwesihlahla ngasinye. Ukusuka kwizinto eziphilayo, ungasebenzisa umquba ohlanjululwe ngamanzi afudumele u-1: 10 ,gcizelela amahora ayi-12. Ngemuva thela amanzi ngesilinganiso 1: 5 bese uthele kuka 1 tbsp. l ngaphansi kwesitshalo ngasinye noma 1 litre nge-1 m2.
Indawo ekahle uhlangothi olungaseningizimu ngokukhanya okuhle, noma kunjalo, ntambama kubalulekile ukumboza izithombo kusuka elangeni elisebenzayo ngephepha. Uma konke kwenziwa kahle, iziqu zikhula ziwugqinsi, ama-internode akuzo amafushane. Lapho ifinyelela ukuphakama okungama-18-22 cm, amathanga angabekwa emhlabathini ovulekile.
Ukutshala izithombo
Okokuqala udinga ukukhetha umbhede ofanele futhi uwulungiselele ekwindla. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga:
- ukumba inhlabathi ejulile;
- susa ukhula kanye nemfucumfucu yesitshalo;
- zalisa, nge-1 m2: i-200 g ye-lime, ama-3-5 kg we-humus no-30-40 g wokufaka umanyolo.
Ukutshala izithombo emhlabathini kuyadingeka lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya liyeka ukuwela ngaphansi kophawu luka + 10 ... +13 ° C. Ngamanani aphansi, izitshalo ngeke zikwazi ukukhula, futhi kwesinye isikhathi zize ziqale ukubola enhlabathini. Izithombo kufanele zibekwe esakhiweni kude ne-1 m ukusuka komunye nomunye, futhi phakathi kwamarowu ngaphezulu kuya ku-1.5 m, lokhu kuzonikeza, uma kunesidingo, indlela eya esihlahleni ngasinye.
I-Transshipment yenziwa kangcono ngengxenye yokhilimu wobumba, lokhu kuzosiza ukuthi kungalimazi izimpande futhi amathanga azothatha izimpande ngokushesha endaweni entsha. Ukuze amahlumela athole umswakama, uthele u-0.5-1 litre wamanzi afudumele emgodini ngamunye. Lapho uketshezi lumunca, kungenzeka ukubeka izithombo emithonjeni, ufafaze ngenhlabathi phezulu. Kungcono ukutshala emahoreni kusihlwa noma isimo sezulu esinamafu, lokhu kuzovikela izithombo ezincane emisebeni ekhanyayo. Ekuqaleni, izithombo zingambozwa kusuka elangeni.
Izimo ezikhulayo
Ithanga lithathwa njengesitshalo esingakhuli, noma kunjalo, ukuze likhule ngendlela efanele futhi lithole umkhiqizo omkhulu, kufanele kuhlangatshezwane nemibandela ethile. Iziphakamiso zingabonakala etafuleni:
| I-Factor | Izimo |
| Isibani | Izindawo ezikhanyayo, umthunzi oyingxenye ovela ezakhiweni, uthango nezitshalo ezinde kufanelekile. |
| Ukushisa | I-Optimum +25 ° С. |
| Inhlabathi | Okukhululekile, okunomswakama ngokulinganiselayo, okunempilo ikakhulukazi ngaphandle. I-Medi ayithathi hlangothi noma inokushintshashintsha okuncane ku-pH 5-8. |
| Abandulelayo abahamba phambili | Izimbali, amazambane, u-anyanisi, iklabishi. |
Kuyingozi ukutshala ngemuva kwe-zucchini, squash, ukhukhamba, amakhabe noma endaweni eyodwa yesizini ilandelana ngenxa yengozi yokutheleleka ngamagciwane ahlala emhlabathini. Isikhathi esifanele sokutshala imifino yalo mndeni eminyakeni engu-3-4.
Indlela yokukhula yethanga
Imvamisa abalimi bayamenywa ukuthi bakhule ngale ndlela, ngoba ithanga alithandi ukuzithuthukisa kanye nama-adaptha kubi.
Ukulungiselela imbewu
Imbewu ekhethiwe kufanele ihlolwe ukuthi imila ngaphambi kokungena emhlabathini. Ukuze lokhu kwenzeke, izinto zokutshala kumele zisatshalaliswe ngendwangu emanzi izinsuku ezingama-2-3 nangemva kokuhluma, ilahle amasampula angabonakali. Ukuvela kwezithombo kungasheshiswa ngokufaka izinto zokutshala kusisombululo se-sodium noma i-potassium humate ngosuku. Izinga lokushisa elifanele ukubonakala kwamahlumela ngu +20 ° C.
Ukufakelwa
Indawo ekhethiwe kahle idinga ukuvundiswa, nge-1 m2 yenhlabathi 2 amabhakede e-humus, 0.5 sawdust, 1 kg yomlotha no-1 tbsp. l nitrofoski. Emva kwalokhu, inhlabathi kumele ibiwe ngokujulile futhi ithululelwe ngamanzi ashisayo.
Isimo esiyisisekelo sokutshala ukushisa komhlaba, okufanele okungenani kube ngu-+12 ° C. Ukujulwa kokufakwa kwembewu enhlabathini kuncike kuhlobo lomhlabathi: ku-8-10 cm okukukhulu futhi okukhanyayo, ku-loamy 5-6 cm, enhlabathini enesikhumba, kutholakala izinhlayiya ezingama-25-30 cm. 1-2 tbsp. l izinkuni zomlotha kanye nama-50 amagremu we-superphosphate. Ibanga phakathi kwemigodi likhulu, okungenani 1 m, uma kunosongo lokuqothula okuyingxenye komhlaba, kungcono ukubeka imbewu ezindaweni eziphakeme kusuka komunye nomunye umehluko ka-3-4 cm.
Inkinga ejwayelekile lapho kuhlwanyelwa engadini inani elincane loketshezi enhlabathini, ngenxa yayo kuthatha isikhathi eside ukulinda ukuvela kwamahlumela, kanye nokukhula kwawo kancane. Ukuze wandise umswakama wenhlabathi, uthele u-2 l wamanzi emthonjeni ngamunye ngesikhathi sokutshala bese ubeka impahla yembewu ngemuva kokufakwa ngokuphelele. Ukuhlanganisa i-substrate ne-peat noma i-humus nakho kuzosiza. Enye indlela yokugcina uketshezi kule ndawo ukudala i-greenhouse encane eyenziwe ngohlaka efakwe ifilimu ngaphezulu kwayo.
Uma zonke izimo zihlangabezana, futhi izinga lokushisa lomoya liphakeme + 25 ... +28 ° С, izithombo zizovela ngesonto. Ngemuva kokukhula kwamaqabunga ambalwa, ungathatha. Ezinhlotsheni ezinezithelo ezinkulu, kushiywa isitshalo esisodwa, bese kuthi i-natimeg futhi ikhule kanzima, kusele amabili, kuthi lapho kuvela amaqabunga amaqabunga ama-5 kuphela, kubhobozwe isihlahla esibuthakathaka.
Enye indlela ngaphandle kokutshala izithombo ukusebenzisa ingulube eluhlaza bese uthala amathanga kuyo esikhundleni samakhukhamba, kungcono ukukwenza lokhu ukusuka ohlangothini lwaseningizimu eseningizimu. Kuyadingeka ukufaka umanyolo engxenyeni engaphansi bese ugaya izimbobo ezimbalwa lapho ungabeka khona imbewu yembewu yomile. Lapho lesi sitshalo sikhula, futhi amahlumela awo esefinyelele kubude obanele, kufanele kwenziwe izimbobo kwifilimu futhi, lapho sesikhiphe iziswebhu kuyo, ibekwe embhedeni wengadi. Ngenxa yalokhu, izimpande zizofudumala, zingasabi ukuphola okubukhali. Indlela ikuvumela ukuba uhlwanyele ithanga ngaphambi kokuhlela kwezinsuku ezingama-8-10.
Umhlali wasehlobo uyancoma: izindlela zokukhula amathanga
Kunezindlela eziningana zokukhulisa ithanga emhlabathini ovulekile, ngamunye wabo kulula ukuzisebenzisa esakhelweni sakhe:
- Uhlobo lwakudala - olusakazwayo. Kudinga imibhede emikhulu enezindlela ezilungele isitshalo ngasinye.
- I-Trellis. Indlela yasekuqaleni kakhulu nenokubumbana esindisa isikhala esizeni, ngoba ibanga phakathi kwezihlahla lingama-30-40 cm kuphela, lokhu kuzodinga isakhiwo esiqinile sokhuni esingu-2 m, kufanele sibhekane nezithelo ezisindayo ezingafakwa ekuxhaseni ngezigwegwe.
- Inqwaba yomquba. Izinhlobo zeShrub ne-semi-bush zifanelekile, izitshalo zitshaleka kahle ezimbizeni kude ne-70-80 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye, ungahlwanyela imbewu enhlume masinyane. Umanyolo wamathanga akhula ngale ndlela awadingeki nhlobo.
- Imiphongolo yokhuni noma yensimbi. Ubuchwepheshe obuhlanganisiwe yimivimbo elengiswe ngokulandelana. Ekuqaleni kwesizini, iziqukathi zigcwele izinto eziphilayo: ukhula, iziqu, iphepha. Ungqimba olandelayo ngotshani obuncane, imfucuza yokudla, usengangeza izidakamizwa ezisheshisa ukubola. Ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-1-1,5, i-substrate isilungele ukutshala. Esikhundleni semigqomo, izikhwama ezenziwe ngezinto zokwenziwa zifanelekile, ezingcono ukufaka eduze kocingo, okulula ukulinamathisela kuzo imivimbo.
- Imibhede efudumele. Emigodini emhlabathini enobungako bama-2 ama-bayonets, amafosholo asakaza amakhambi abolile kanye nezitshalo afafaze inhlabathi phezulu. Umehluko kusuka ekutshaleni engadini ukuthi ngemuva kokuvela kwamahlumela, umhlabathi umbozwe ngefilimu enezimbobo zesihlahla ngasinye.
Ukunakekelwa Kwethanga Kwangaphandle
Ithanga isitshalo esingenakuqhathaniswa, noma kunjalo, futhi sidinga ukunakekelwa okufanele ukuthola isivuno esiningi. Kuyadingeka ukuqapha ukuthambisa, impova, ukufaka umquba bese ufaka izihlahla.
Ukunisela, ukukhulula kanye mulching
Isomiso yinto engathandeki yamathanga, ngenxa yobubanzi obukhulu beqabunga, isitshalo sishiya ngokushesha umswakama. Ekuqaleni, izithombo zidinga ukuniselwa nsuku zonke, ngenkathi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kuyaqhubeka endaweni entsha. Lapho lokhu kwenzeka, inani lamanzi liyancishiswa. Uma ihlobo belina, kungcono ukunganyisi umhlaba. Kuyadingeka ukukhuphula izinga elethulwe ngokwanda kwenani lama-ovari nokukhula kwezithelo. Imvelo ye-ketshezi yibhakede ngaphansi kwesihlahla esisodwa.
Ukhula nokhula lukhula kalula uma inhlabathi imanzi: emva kokunisela noma imvula. Lapho kuvela amahlumela, bambe ngokujula kuka-9-12 cm, kuthi ngemuva kwenyanga kunciphise ku-5-8 cm, lokhu kufanele kwenziwe njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-14. Phakathi kwemigqa yezitshalo, ngokungafani nalokho, yenza inqubo enhlabathini eyomile ukuze uketshezi lugeleze ngokushesha ezimpandeni. Ngokuqina okungcono kwamathanga amancane lapho kukhulula, angathelulwa kancane.
Ukuhlanganisa i-substrate kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukugcina umswakama, ikakhulukazi esimeni sezulu esishisayo.
Ukungcola
Isimo sezulu esinethayo singadala ukungcoliswa okungalungile, futhi ukubola kwamaqanda kube uphawu oluqinisekile lwalesi simo. Ukuthola izithelo ezifanayo eziyindilinga, umlimi kufanele akwenze lokhu ngamabomu. Ngale nqubo, udinga ukukhetha izimbali ezimbalwa zesilisa ekuseni bese, ususe izihlahla zazo kubo, uthinte ama-anthers wazo kuya kwezihlahlana zezimbali ezitshalweni. Ungahlukanisa lezi zinhlobo ezimbili kwesinye ngesikhathi sokuphila nokutholwa kwazo. Owesilisa: ukuvulwa kokuqala nokubuna, bese insikazi iba nepestle futhi ihlale ivulekile cishe usuku.
Kwisimo sezulu esishisayo, ungangeza futhi izinambuzane ngokwelapha izihlahla ngamanzi amnandi: 10 l 1 tsp. uju.
Ukwakheka
Ukulungiswa kwesitshalo kuyisisekelo sokunakekelwa kwethanga, ngoba kusiza ukufeza isivuno esihle nezithelo ezinkulu. Isiko elakhiwe kahle libukeka kanjena: esiqwini esikhulu, lapho sifinyelela ukuphakama okungama-1,3-1,5 m, udinga ukushiya amahlumela ambalwa ubude be-60-70 cm, kanti okunye okusele kufanele kusikwe, ukususwa kwe-axillary kubizwa ngokuthi ukucwecwa.
Ngakho-ke, kwakhiwa izithelo ezi-3 esihlahleni ngasinye. Ukuze zikhule ngokushesha, kubalulekile ukubeka imivimbo eseleyo emhlabathini bese ufafaza ungqimba lomhlabathi obungu-6-7 cm. Enye inketho: ukugcotshwa kweziqu ezi-2, kumathanga amabili amakhulu kuzokwakhiwa, nakwelinye elingezelelweyo. Ngemuva kwezithelo shiya amapuleti amaqabunga ama-3, bese unitha izingqimba. Uma konke kwenziwa kahle, izithelo ezinkulu nezivuthiwe zingatholakala njengesilimo.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Ukufaka umquba yinto ebalulekile yokunakekelwa. Ukuze yonke into ilunge, nesitshalo sithole inani elanele lezinto eziwusizo, kuyadingeka ukwenza lo msebenzi ngokuya ngohlelo olulandelayo:
- Lapho kuvela amaqabunga eqiniso ayi-3-4 noma izinsuku ezingama-7 ngemuva kokutshala emhlabathini ovulekile, ngendlela yokutshala ngemuva kwamasonto amathathu. I-Nitrofoska 10 g ngesihlahla ngasinye, umlotha ongu-1 tbsp ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi, umquba noma izinsalela zenkukhu ezihlanjululwe ngesilinganiso esingu-1: 4 zifanelekile.
- Izinto eziphilayo zingangezwa njalo ngeviki.
- Ngokukhula kwemivimbo emide: i-nitrophoska ngesilinganiso esingu-15 g kwisitshalo esisodwa.
Ukuze ukondle ithanga okokuqala, eduze kwalo kuyadingeka ukuthi kwenziwe umsele enhlabathini ngokujula kwama-6cm bese uthelela umanyolo kuwo, ibanga ukusuka esihlahleni kufanele libe ngu-10 cm cm.Bonke abalandelayo bethulwa ngokuqhubekayo kusuka kusitshalo 40 cm, ukujula kwama-grooves 10-12 .
I-Lash powder
Le nqubo ivame ukwenziwa lapho ubude bamahlumela budlula imitha eyi-1. Kulokhu, imivimbo ayithungulwanga, yavezwa futhi yabekwa engadini. Ngemuva kwezinye izindawo bafafaza ngenhlabathi. Lokhu kumele kwenziwe ukuze kungashizi. Kungekudala, uhlelo lwezimpande lwakheka ezingxenyeni ezijule emhlabathini, eziba yimithombo eyengeziwe yokudla kwezithelo. Akumele ukhohlwe ngezikhathi ezithile.
Izinambuzane nezifo ezingenzeka
Ithanga livame ukuthikamezwa yisifo futhi lihlaselwa yizinambuzane ezifanayo nezinye izinhlaka. Ithebula lizokusiza ekutholeni isisombululo senkinga futhi ugcine isivuno simi:
| Inkinga | Ukuboniswa, izici | Izinyathelo zokulungisa |
| I-Powdery hlobo | Ukunamathela okumhlophe okumhlophe. | Ukunisela kuphela ngoketshezi olufudumele. Amakhemikhali: ITopazi, iStrobi. |
| I-Peronosporosis | I-fluff ekhanyayo onsomi, inqwaba yamakhowe. | Ukulungiselela: Carboxid, Cuproxate. |
| Bacteriosis | Izilonda ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zehlathi. | Ukuhambisana nokujikeleza kwezilimo. Ukubulala magciwane izinto zokutshala. Kumalitha ayi-9 amanzi, amaconsi ayi-10 e-iodine kanye nelitha eli-1 lobisi olungafakwanga. |
| Cladosporiosis | Ukwehlulwa nokubola kwezithelo ezigciniwe. | Umoya omncane wokuphefumula, ukuhambisana kombuso wokushisa, ukukhethwa kwezinhlobo ezinempilo. |
| Grey and white bola | Amabala ansundu ngaphandle kokuvela okucacile. | Ukususwa kwamapuleti amaqabunga, ukusetshenziswa kukamanyolo we-foliar: 10 g we-urea, 2 g we-sulfate yethusi no-1 g we-zinc sulfate nge-10 l. |
| Isikhunta se-Flakey. | Fafaza izindawo ezithintekile ngothuli lwamalahle noma umlotha. | |
| UMose | Hlukanisa umbala. | I-potanganum permanganate - isixazululo esibuthakathaka, i-Farmayod-3: ihektha elilodwa ne-300 g. |
| Anthracnose | Imibuthano e-brown-brown, ukubukeka kwe-mycelium. | Ukucekelwa phansi kwezinhlobo ezinesifo. Ingxube yeBordeaux, i-Abigalik. |
| Isikhala sesicabucabu | Amachashazi aphuzi akhanyayo. | Ukufafaza ngamanzi noma ukumnika kwe-anyanisi husks: 10 l 200 g. |
| Ama-aphid | Ukudubula kanye namaqanda kusontekile. | Ukhula njalo kukhula. Ukufafaza ngesisombululo sensipho sika-300 g ngamalitha ayi-10. Karbafos 10 l 60 g |
| Slug | Amacembe adliwayo. | Ukuqoqwa kwesandla, izicupho zokubeka. |
| Umhlonyane | Iziqu ezinesihlwathi kanye nembewu eyonakalisiwe. | Ukhulula inhlabathi, ubeke izithiyo. |
Umhlali wasehlobo uyazisa: kanjani ukuqoqa nokugcina isivuno sethanga
Ukuvunwa kwenziwa kangcono kwisimo sezulu esomile kuze kube yiqhwa lokuqala, lapho amaqabunga esanda. Amathanga afriziwe agcinwe kabi futhi maningi amathuba okubola. Udinga ukuthi uqiniseke ukuthi amathanga avuthiwe: ungafinyelela iziphetho esiqwini esomile esiminyene, siba njenge-cork noma iphethini ecacile ivela emagxolo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyadingeka ukusabalalisa isivuno ngosayizi nangekhwalithi, uguquka ngokucophelela ukuze ungonakali. I-Percussion futhi enesiphene kufanele icutshungulwe kuqala, ngeke ikwazi ukuqamba amanga isikhathi eside, konke kufanele kulungiselelwe ukugcinwa okunye.
Kungcono ukusika amathanga nge-peduncle 5-6 cm ukuphakama bese ubeka egumbini elifudumele nelomile elomile amasonto ama-2. Ngemuva kokuthi amagxolo agcine eselukhuni, ungavuna izithelo ubusika. I-loggia, i-balcony noma i-barn ilungele isithwathwa, lapho i-thermometer ingu-+5 ° C futhi iphansi, isivuno silethwa endlini egumbini elifudumele elinezinkomba okungenani + 14 ... +16 ° C. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-14, udinga ukukhetha indawo enamanye amanani omswakama angama-60-70% kanye nokushisa + 3 ... +8 ° С, ngoba lokhu kuthungelana, amasellars noma ama-attic kufanelekile.
Ngaphansi kwale mibandela, amathanga angagcinwa bonke ubusika futhi abade. Ngamanani aphezulu, izithelo zilahlekelwa isisindo futhi ingaqala ukubola.
Uma isivuno sikhulu, khona-ke singafakwa emashalofini noma kuma-rack on notshani. Isimo esikhulu ukuthi imifino akufanele ithintane. Enye inketho isitoreji emabhokisini e-moss. Enye indlela ingumsele engadini, embozwe ngotshani obungama-25 cm, bese kufafazwa nomhlaba phezulu. Ukuze kufakwe umoya omncane, izimbobo zenziwa emhlabathini ovala lapho izinga lokushisa lehla. Uma kukhona amathanga ambalwa, wonke angafakwa endlini noma eflethini endaweni emnyama, bese kuthi lawo asikiwe angagcinwa kuphela esiqandisini.
Izithelo ezikhethwe imbewu kufanele zivuthwe, zinombala ofanayo. Emhlabathini ngaphansi kwesampula okuhlosiwe, akufanele wenze izingubo eziningi zokugqoka. Ngenxa yalokhu, kunesikhathi esanele sokutshala impahla yokuvuthwa. Ukuthola izinhlobonhlobo ezithile, kungcono ukubeka lesi sitshalo emibhedeni ngokuhlukile kokuphumula bese siphumelela impova.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ithanga elisikiwe kufanele ligcinwe isikhathi esingangenyanga endaweni ebandayo, noma kunjalo, akufanele lishiywe isikhathi eside, imbewu izoqala ukukhula ngaphakathi. Izinhlobo ezisekupheleni, ezigcinwe kahle zingalala isikhathi eside. Sika izithelo akufanele zisikwe phakathi, kungcono ukuzenza kusuka ohlangothini. Khipha uginindela bese ukhetha izinhlobo ezifanele kakhulu zokutshala: ngaphandle komonakalo, omkhulu, obukhulu, qiniseka ukubheka ukubola. Ngemuva kokuhlakazwa, sasakazeka ebusweni bese uvumela umswakama ukuthi ukome. Impilo yeshalofu yokutshala impahla yiminyaka engama-7-8.
Izimo eziphambili zokugcinwa ngaphambi kokuhlwanyelwa kwentwasahlobo: ukoma nokuntuleka komswakama, izinga lokushisa elilungile +16 ° C. Kungcono ukugoqa hhayi ezikhwameni zepulasitiki, lapho kungenzeka kube khona ukwakheka, kodwa ngamaphepha. Akunconywa ukugcina imbewu ekhishini nasezindlini zokugezela, kanye nasemakamelweni anomswakama omkhulu.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ithanga le-varietal kuphela elingatshalwa ngale ndlela. Izici zeHybrid: kulula ukuyibona lapho uthenga uphawu lwe-F1 kwiphakheji, alunakukhiqizwa kabusha ekhaya.
Ithanga isitshalo semifino izithelo zayo ezinothile ngezinto eziwusizo; zombili izingane nabantu abadala bathanda ukunambitheka kwabo. Ukukhula futhi unakekele lesi sitshalo ngeke kubangele inkathazo ngisho kubalimi be-novice; ukugcinwa ngokucophelela nangokucophelela kwemithetho kuzokuvumela ukuthi uthole isivuno esicebile futhi usilondoloze kuze kube isizini ezayo.
