Ikhwalithi nokubunjwa kwenhlabathi kusayithi kubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba kuvela kulokhu kuxhomeke ekuvuneni kwezitshalo ezitshalwe. Namuhla sizobuka izinhlobo eziyinhloko nezinhlobo zokuzala, futhi ubuke indlela yokunquma izinga lezwe engxenyeni engadini futhi yiziphi izindlela zokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yayo.
Ukuzala komhlabathi
Umhlabathi, ongakuthola noma ukwanelise ngokuphelele isidingo sezitshalo zezinto eziwusizo, kubhekwa njengesivuno. Lokhu kusho ukuthi zonke izingxenye ezidingekayo zilinganisiwe kuwo, okuvumela izitshalo ezitshaliwe ukuba zikhule futhi zikhule. Akusiyo inhlabathi evundile noma encane ibhekwa njengenhlabathi, engenazo izinto. 
Uhlobo lomhlabathi luhlukaniswe ngokuthi:
- i-clayey;
- i-sandy;
- i-sandy;
- loamy;
- isibalo;
- i-swampy;
- umhlabathi omnyama
Kubalulekile! Ukuzala komhlabathi kusungulwe ngaphambili ngezinga lokusebenzisana kwazo zonke izingxenye zalo komunye nomunye.
Izinhlobo zokuzala
Umhlaba ungagcwele izakhi ngenxa yezinqubo zemvelo nangokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yayo ngosizo lwezindlela ze-agrotechnical. Ukuzala kungabuye kubhekwe ngombono wokuvunwa noma inzuzo etholakala esitshalweni esivunyiwe. Ngokusekelwe kulezi zindlela, ukuzala kuhlukaniswe yizinhlobo ezilandelayo.
Kungenzeka
Le ncazelo ivame kakhulu enhlabathini enezivuno eziphakeme ngezikhathi ezithile. Kulokhu, konke kuxhomeke ekuhlanganisweni kwezinto ezifana nezimo zezulu kanye nemishini yokulima esetshenziselwa indawo ethile. 
Isibonelo, ehlobo oluvuthiwe inhlabathi evundile kakhulu - inhlabathi emnyama - izothela isivuno esincane kune-podzolic.
Sincoma ukuthi ufunde mayelana nezinhlobo zemvelo nenhlabathi yomanyolo kubo.
Indalo
Lolu uhlobo lokuzala, okubangelwa ukubunjwa okucebile kwenhlabathi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isimo sezulu nemisebenzi yezomnotho.
I-Artificial
Inhlabathi igcwele izinto ezidingekayo ngokwezindleko zemisebenzi yabantu, okungukuthi, akusizi ngezindlela zemvelo, kodwa ngamanyolo nokutshala.
Ukuphumelela (ezomnotho)
Ukuzala okunjalo kuyinhlanganisela yezinto ezibonakalayo ze-landscape nobuchwepheshe bezolimo ezisetshenziswe ngumuntu. I-unit of measure kulokhu kuyisitshalo noma izindleko zayo. 
Indlela yokunquma ukuzala kwesayithi nokuthi kuncike kuncike
Ukuzala komhlaba esakhiweni kunquma ukulima nokuphumelela kwezitshalo ezitshalwe kuso, ngakho kubalulekile ukucacisa izinga lokuzala ngaphambi kokutshala.
Uyazi? Ekuqaleni, iplanethi yethu yayiyindawo enamadwala, futhi kwakuthatha amakhulu eminyaka ukwakha umhlaba. Kwenzeke ngaphansi kwethembandlela yezimo zezulu - imimoya, imvula, amaconsi okushisa kanye nezinye izinto eziningi.
Izakhiwo zomzimba
Enye yezinqubo zokuhlola inhlabathi ukuzimisela kwezakhiwo zayo zomzimba, okungukuthi: isakhiwo, ukwakheka, ukuthungwa, kanye nendawo yamanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Konke lokhu kungathathwa yiso, emva kokuhlola ngokucophelela umhlaba kusayithi. Inhlabathi evundile kufanele ibe yinto evulekile, evulekile futhi eqoshiwe.
Isakhiwo esinjalo sibhekwa njengelungile futhi sinomthelela ekwenzeni okuhle, ukusatshalaliswa okufanele nokugcina umswakama, kanye nokuvuselelwa okuqhubekayo kwenhlabathi, uma kuhlwanyelwe kahle futhi, uma kunesidingo, ngamanyolo ahlukahlukene. 
Izakhi ze-Chemical
Ukuhlaziywa kwamakhemikhali kuzokuvumela okuningi ukuba ufunde ngekhwalithi yenhlabathi, phakathi kwezingxenye ezibalulekile okufanele kube khona kuwo, singakwazi ukuhlukanisa okulandelayo:
- i-humus;
- i-phosphorus;
- i-potassium.
Uma ngesikhathi sokucwaninga kwavela ukuthi zonke lezi zikhombisi ziphakathi nohlobo olujwayelekile, kanti inhlabathi enjalo ingabhekwa njengento egcwele.
Kubalulekile! Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-potassium, amasawoti kanye nezakhi zamakhemikhali kalula ezingenawo umthamo ngokuzenzakalelayo kunciphisa inhlabathi yokuzimisela okuvundile.
Ngisho noma izifundo zingabonisi imiphumela emihle kakhulu, futhi kwavela ukuthi kunesidingo sezingxenye eziwusizo, kodwa izinto eziyingozi nezingozi zidlulile, akufanele uphazamiseke, ngoba ungayilungisa. Indlela yokwenza lokhu - sizobuka kamuva.
Izakhiwo zezinto eziphilayo
Ukuba khona kwama-microorganisms nama-bacteria emhlabathini akuyona neze into embi, kodwa, ngokuphambene nalokho, kuyadingeka ukuze kukhule. Ama-microorganisms akwazi ukuthuthukisa kakhulu ikhwalithi yenhlabathi ngokukhuphula, ukugcina umswakama, ukushisa okwandayo, umoya we-oxygenation kanye nokuphuza umoya. 
Inhlabathi lapho ama-microorganisms kanye nama-bacteria ayatholakali noma engekho ngokuphelele kubhekwa njengampofu.
Uyazi? Umhlabathi uyisihlungi esinamandla kunazo zonke futhi esisebenzayo eMhlabeni. Lokhu kuhlanza kuyinkqubo yesinyathelo esithathu futhi kuqukethe ukuhlunga kwezinto eziphilayo, ngokomzimba nakumakhemikhali.
Indlela yokuthuthukisa ukuzala kwenhlabathi
Naphezu kokuthi ukwakheka nokubunjwa kwenhlabathi kuyinkimbinkimbi yemvelo eyinkimbinkimbi, sisenalo ithuba lokuthonya ukuzala futhi silungise izinga layo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kubalulekile ukucabangela okuningi kwama-nuances, nokwethulwa kwama-fertilizer, ukuhambisana nemithetho yokujikeleza kwezitshalo kanye nobuchwepheshe bezolimo kubalulekile. 
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi inhlabathi enomhlabathi kangakanani, kukhona imithetho ejwayelekile yokugcwalisa noma ukugcinwa kwayo:
- ukutshala izitshalo zonyaka ezihlaza okotshani;
Izinduna ezinhle kakhulu zenhlabathi ziyi-lupine, isithombo se-oilseed, i-oats, i-rye ne-phacelia.
- ukuphumula kwenhlabathi yonke iminyaka engu-4-5, okungukuthi, akukho izitshalo ezitshaliwe, umhlaba "uhamba", kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo utshalwa futhi uhlwanyelwe ngendaba ephilayo entwasahlobo nasekwindla;
- utshale izitshalo zokwelapha: kungaba i-garlic, i-marigold, umhlonyane noma ezinye izitshalo ezingakwazi ukukhipha amagciwane emhlabathini.
Clayey
I-sublayer ye-Clay ihlukaniswa njengengenalutho ngenxa yokuthi:
- isakhiwo esinamandla;
- ukufudumala okubi;
- ukugeleza emoyeni okwanele;
- ukusatshalaliswa okungalungile kobumswakama (kugcinwa phezulu futhi angangeni emigqeni engezansi).
Kodwa, ngakho konke lokhu, inhlabathi yobumba ibhekwa njengecebile kakhulu, futhi uma iphatheka ngendlela efanele, ungakhula ngempumelelo izitshalo eziningi kuyo. 
Izenzo zokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yenhlabathi kufanele kube kanje:
- Kudingekile ukukhulula umhlabathi ekujuleni kwamaphesenti angaba ngu-25 futhi ngaleyo ndlela unikeze i-aeration, lokhu kungenziwa ngokusebenzisa isihlabathi noma i-peat, ngesilinganiso se-30 kg ngehora elilodwa lesikwele. m
- Ukuze ukwandise inani lama-microorganisms nama-bacteria, umquba noma umquba uyasetshenziswa.
- Ukwehlisa i-acidity yokusebenzisa i-liming.
Kubalulekile! Izimila kufanele zitshalwe kancane emhlabathini wenhlabathi, lokhu kuzosiza uhlelo lwempande ukuba lukhule kahle, ukuthola umswakama oludingekayo kanye nezakhi.
Sandy
Le nhlabathi ibhekwa ukuthi iyimpofu, ngoba iqukethe cishe izakhi. Kodwa isakhiwo saso asikwazi kodwa sijabule, ngoba isihlabathi siyashesha futhi umoya ujikeleza kahle kuwo.
Liyidlula amanzi ngokugcwele, livimbele ukuthi lingabikho, kepha ehlobo elishisayo kunalokho lihlobene nemigodi yale nhlabathi, ngoba umswakama kuwo uphuthuma ngokushesha, ngakho kufanele ufake i-peat, umquba kanye nomquba kuwo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukugcinwa kwamanzi.
Lokhu kuhle kakhulu ekwenzeni ekwindla. 
Ukufaka umanyolo njalo ngamanyolo obuncithakalo obunzima kubaluleke kakhulu.
Kunconywa ukuba ulethe njalo ngangokunokwenzeka nangokwengxenye encane, ukuze izakhi zingagcini ngemvula, kodwa zinikezwe ezitshalweni.
Ukuze ucebise inhlabathi usebenzisa izimpande. Kudingeka bahlwanyele ekujuleni kuka 13-15 cm, ukuze bathole umswakama okwanele.
Uyazi? Amaphesenti angu-95 okuthi abantu badla kanjani emhlabeni.
Sandy loon
Inhlabathi enjalo iyindlela enhle kakhulu, njengoba ihlanganisa ngokuvumelana isakhiwo esihle nenamba enkulu yezakhi. Ukondla umhlabathi onesihlabathi kuyadingeka kuphela uma usuphelile kakhulu. Ngalesi sizathu, izakhi zomquba eziyinkimbinkimbi kanye nezindaba eziphilayo ziyethulwa. 
Loamy
Le nhlabathi inezici ezinhle futhi ifanele ukutshala izitshalo eziningi. Asikho isidingo sokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yayo, kudingekile kuphela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi akupheli, futhi ngenxa yalokhu udinga ukufaka umquba njalo futhi wenze umanyolo obunzima wamaminerali ngesikhathi esifanele. 
Limescale
Umhlabathi ompofu kakhulu, lapho kutholakala khona iziqu eziningi, kepha kungenziwa ngcono uma usebenzisa amacebo ambalwa, okungukuthi:
- ukukhulula inhlabathi njalo;
- ukondla izinsimbi zamaminerali;
- ukuthungatha inhlabathi;
- tshala umquba ohlaza;
- njalo wenze i-urea ne-ammonium sulfate ye-acidification.
Thola ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani ukuthi i-asidi yenhlabathi isetshenziselwe izitshalo, indlela yokunquma ukuthi i-acidity yenhlabathi isayithi, nokuthi ungayikhipha kanjani inhlabathi.
Ngokugcinwa kwemithetho elula ye-agrotechnology, kungenzeka ukuba sikhule noma yikuphi izitshalo emlilweni we-limestone. 
Marshland
Imhlabathi enjalo ihlukaniswa njengengenalutho, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo kulula ukuyihlakulela futhi uyicebise, ngoba lokhu udinga ukwenza okulandelayo:
- ukumba ubunzulu ukuze kuphakanyiswe izendlalelo zesihlabathi;
- yenza umquba, umquba, ama-slush noma ama-bio-additives ukuze kulungiswe inani lezidakamizwa;
- ukondla umhlaba ngokufaka umanyolo nge-phosphorus ne-potassium.
Kubalulekile! Umhlabathi we-marsh otshaywe kahle kakhulu wokutshala i-currants, i-gooseberries, i-strawberries ne-chokeberry, inezakhi zomzimba ezivamile, futhi ayidingi ukugqoka okungaphezulu.
Ukujwayelekile ukwenza i-acidity yenza i-lime. 
Chernozem
Ukunethezeka kweqiniso - inhlabathi emnyama - inhlabathi enhle, engadingi ukuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi, futhi ukungalungi kwayo kungabhekwa kuphela ukuthi kuyiphutha. Uma kukhona umhlaba onjalo kulesi sakhiwo, kufanele uhlonishwe, okungukuthi: ukuvimbela ukuchithwa kwalo, ukwenza izakhi eziphilayo kanye nezamaminerali ngesikhathi esifanele, utshale umquba ohlaza futhi uvumele ukuphumula uma kunesidingo. 
Ividiyo: Izindlela ezingu-8 zokuthuthukisa ukuzala kwenhlabathi
Impendulo evela kubasebenzisi benethiwekhi
Umakhelwane oneminyaka engu-10 ubudala uhlwanyela kabili ngonyaka ngaphandle kokulima. Kukhona utshani obuningi futhi umhlaba awunamanzi. Uhamba kuyo njengemgwaqo ogoqwe. Emibhedeni, emva kokuvuna, ngihlwanyela lwesinaphi, futhi ekwindla ngaphansi kwefoloko ngiyifake emibhedeni. Ngokwezinto engizibonile, imifino yamakhompi inikeza umphumela omuhle, ngifaka yonke imfucuza lapho (utshani, izinsalela zokudla, njll) exutshwe nomquba (bukhoma) futhi iminyaka engama-2-3 angithinti le nkemba, ngokomanyolo. Ngemuva kokungezwa kwayo emibhedeni kanye nesihlabathi (nginomhlaba omnyama nge-mix mix encane yobumba), umphumela wokuvunwa ubonakala futhi ubalulekile.
U-Siderata ngombono wami akuyona injabulo eshibhile. I-Phacelia ifika ku-ruble angu-300 ngekhilogram ngayinye. Futhi usempikeni yami ephumelela kakhulu kune-mustard. I-siderate, uma ihlwanyela, kuyisifiso sokukhuphukela phezulu (isibhamu lapho ihluma) khona-ke kungenzeka kube nomphumela omncane. Kulo nyaka ngifuna ukuzama ukuhlala isikhathi eside - hlala i-clover emhlophe. Ngokuqondene netshani, ukwethulwa komshini emhlabathini kuholela ekubophezelweni kwe-nitrogen ne-phosphorus ukuze kusetshenziswe utshani, okuyinto edingekayo engxenyeni enkulu ye-nitrogen, ngaleyo ndlela ibhubhise ukudla okuvela ezitshalweni. (Andrei Mikhailovich Gradzinsky "I-Plant Physiology ne-Biochemistry"). Njengoba esho, utshani lungasetshenziswa emhlabathini, kepha kuphela kuphela okumele kuhlwanyele i-rye noma i-oats. Abasebenzisi besithangami othandekayo, ngikuchazele okuhlangenwe nakho kwami.
Manje uyazi ukuthi okuningi kuxhomeke kwikhwalithi, okungukuthi ukuzala inhlabathi, kodwa kukhona njalo ithuba lokuyilungisa. Into esemqoka: ukwenza ukuhlaziywa okuningiliziwe kwenhlabathi endaweni yakho, bese kuthi, ukwakha emiphumeleni yayo, ukuthuthukisa noma ukugcina kahle inhlabathi.
