Amakhowe ama-mushroom, noma okunye, aphakathi kwamakhowe awusizo kakhulu, asetshenziselwa ukupheka, kodwa nakwezokwelapha ne-cosmetology. Indlela yokuhlukanisa ngayo ama-agarics amanga, lapho ukuqoqa nokupheka lezi amakhowe - cabanga ngokuningiliziwe kulesi sihloko.
Ukubonakala
I-Meadow meadow ibhekisela kuwo I-Class IV ekuhlelweni kokuhleleka - i-fungus engavamile ukuqoqwa, enenhloso yokudla okungenasidingo hhayi ukunambitheka okuzwakalayo.
Akukona kuphela okudliwayo, kodwa futhi i-fungus ewusizo kakhulu: inamakhemikhali aphikisayo, aqeda amagciwane awonayo namangqamuzana omdlavuza emzimbeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-honeydew ihlanza imithwalo yegazi futhi inomthelela omuhle emgodini wegciwane.
Funda futhi ngezindawo ezizuzisayo zamakhowe: ama-mushroom, ama-boletus, ama-ceps, ama-cheesy, ama-birch ukhunta.
I-Lugovik inekhono eliyingqayizivele lokuzivuselela kabusha: uma umanzisa le amakhowe omisiwe ngamanzi, emva kwesikhashana izonikeza izithelo ezintsha - ngoba lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi akuyona i-booster. 
Ekuphekeni, ikakhulukazi esetshenzisiwe izigqoko futhi - imilenze inesakhiwo esiqinile kakhulu futhi ayiphathwa kabi. Lezi amakhowe azidli okwesibhakabhaka.
Kubalulekile! Amakhowe ama-mushroom angadliwa kuphela emva kokwelashwa kokushisa: uma i-raw, i-negnichichnik ingabangela ukuxila umzimba okukhulu.
Incazelo ye-botanical
Le mushroom emangalisayo inamagama amaningana - negynichnik, lugovik, i-clove mushroom, i-marasmius (kusukela egameni lesiLatini igama labafundi bakaMarasmius). Kungenxa yamakhowe we-lamellar samrophytic omndeni waseRyadovkov (ngokubheka abanye abacwaningi, abangewona amafucula). 
Imvelo engavamile ye-fungus ikwazi ukukhanya ebumnyameni njenge-phosphorus: le ndawo ichazwa ngamangakwane esitshela ukuthi abahambi abalahlekelwa indlela ehlathini ebusuku balahlekelwa ingqondo yabo lapho bebona lawa amakhowe, bethatha amakhowe agcwele ama-mushroom awo. Njengalokhu noma cha, akunakwenzeka ukwazi ngokuthembekile, noma kunjalo, ikhono lama-non-bureaus ukukhipha ukukhanya kwe-phosphoric akukahle lilahleke.
Zijwayeze ngezinhlobo ezivamile ezidliwayo zamakhowe: ama-chanterelles, ama-russules, ama-ceps, ama-boletus, amakhowe obisi, namakhowe ase-aspen.
Hat
Usayizi wamaphakathi we-cap ufinyelela ku-5-7 cm ububanzi - bububende obomvu noma obuphuzi. Uma kungabikho umswakama (ngesikhathi sesomiso noma ngesimo sezulu esiphezulu), i-cap ithola umbala okhanda ukhilimu. Leli fomu linesilinganiso samakhowe amaningi - i-hemisphere ene-tubercle encane phakathi nendawo. Emaphethelweni we-cap alula kakhulu emgqeni kunaphakathi, ngaphandle kwalokho ayinayo imingcele ecacile - njengokungathi ibhidliwe, njengokungathi, njengezibazi. Isikhumba esine-hygrophilic - ivuvuka ngaphansi komthelela womswakama, iba yintamo futhi inamathele. Kumakhowe amadala noma omisiwe ngokweqile, ukuma kwesikhumba kuthatha ukubonakala kwekhabe. 
Umlenze
Ikhanda le-mushroom lensimu ligcinwe umlenze omude nomlenze (kuze kube ngu-10 cm ukuphakama). Kungaba okuqondile noma okuncane kakhulu, isisekelo sanda kancane (kufika ku-0.5 cm ngokubhinca). Isakhiwo esiphezulu, sinezintambo eziqinile. Kungaba njengombala owodwa nge-hat, nokukhanya okuncane.
Uyazi? Esinye sezibonakaliso eziyinhloko zoketshezi lwe-fungus - ukuba khona kwe-convex thickenings esiteshini salo - lokhu kuyisici esithile ikakhulukazi samakhowe nama-agaric amanga. Ezimakhowe ezidliwayo, i-stem ihlale iyingqayizivele, ngaphandle kwama-tubercles kanye nezinkukhu.
Amarekhodi
Amacwecwe e-meadowov abiza, angafika ku-6 mm ububanzi. Ezingxenyeni ezincane, amacwecwe ahlale ehambisana ngokuqinile kwi-cap, kuyilapho asebekhulile abambelela ngokukhululekile, hhayi ukunamathela ngokuqinile. Ezimweni zomswakama ophezulu, amapuleti we-negnichniki athola i-ocher hue, nasomiso - ukhilimu noma umhlophe. 
Pulp
I-pulp yama-mushroom yokuvumelana kahle, ephaphathekile (enamandla noma ephuzi), ayishintshi umbala wayo oyisisekelo ngemuva kokusika. Kubonakala ngephunga elinomsoco elinamandla (njengenhlanganisela yama-clove nama-alimondi), kodwa kunomusa omuhle. 
Lapho ungathola khona nokuthi nini ukuqoqa
Insimu yokusabalalisa i-marasmius inkulu kakhulu - itholakele ezwekazi laseYurophu, kanye nasezindaweni zaseMelika naseNyakatho ye-Afrika. Lezi amakhowe zithanda indawo evulekile, ngakho zakha emadlelweni, emigodini yemifula nasehlathini lamahlathi; zitholakala emadlelweni, ensimini nasemaphethelweni ehlathi. Indawo enjalo ekhulayo ingqubuzana negama - amakhowe, ekhula ngeziqu, abizwa ngokuthi amakhowe. Nokho, i-meadow marasmius ihlukile.
I-Nongniaries ihlanganiswa kakhulu esimweni sezulu esifudumele, emva kwemvula edlulayo - fometha ama-arcs, imigqa nemibuthano yobuthakathi (ububanzi obanzi nobubanzi kuze kube ngu-80 cm). Isikhathi esiyinhloko sokuqoqa okungewona amahlathi siwukuphela kwentwasahlobo-ekuqaleni kwekwindla (kuncike ekutheni kube khona ukufudumala kombuso wokushisa). 
Amakhomikhali Amabili
Cishe wonke ama-mushroom emvelo anamawele ayo - uhlobo olufana nokubukeka noma ukunambitheka kokuqala. I-Negnyuchnik ayiyona into ehlukile - nayo inezihlobo ezifanayo.
Funda kabanzi ngezinhlobo ezidliwayo nezingenakudliwa yizinyosi ze-honey agaric, kanye nendlela yokuhlukanisa isikhumba se-foal kusuka kuju oluvamile lwe-agaric.
Lezi zihlanganisa:
- I-Collibia inothando - ilungu lomndeni wakwaNegniichnik. Ukungafani okuyinhloko kusuka enkundleni yemifula - indawo yokukhula, umbala we-cap nobude bomlenze. I-Collibias ikhula kuphela emahlathini ahlanganisiwe, lapho efaka khona ukubola phansi izinkuni noma ngaphansi kwamaqabunga abolile - ngokungafani nama-mushroom amakhowe, i-collibia ayithandi isikhala esivulekile. Ubude bomlenze wewashi elinjalo bufushane kakhulu - kufika ku-6 cm ukuphakama, futhi i-cap inemhlophe kakhulu. Kuyinto i-mushroom edliwayo. Iphi iphunga elibukhali, elibi kakhulu.
- Unobuthi okhulumela umhlophe - i-mushroom enobuthi kakhulu. Ngokuphambene nesikhumba semvu, sinomkhonto ogobile wombala omhlophe ohlukile - lokhu kuyisici esiyinhloko ongakwazi ukuhlukanisa umkhulumeli kusuka kumarasmius. Umlenze wakhe ufushane kakhulu - kufika ku-4 cm. Kungaba nama-subspecies anjalo: ama-gray and waxy govorushka. Ikhula, kanye non-breech, emaphethelweni, ama-glades nezinye izindawo ezivulekile.
- Ubusika bemifino kanye nehlobo - ngokusho kwedatha yangaphandle kufana ne-marasmius, noma kunjalo, ihluke ensimini yokubunjwa - lezo zinhlobo zikhula kuphela ekuguleni noma ukubola izinkuni. Phakathi kwazo kungaba kokubili izinhlobo ezidliwayo futhi ezinobuthi (isibonelo, amakhowe angamanga).
Iholide lokushisa 
Isithandwa sehlobo sasehloboKubalulekile! Ukubulawa kwesifo kungenzeki kuphela uma i-fungus engenakulinganiswa idliwe, kodwa futhi uma ukudla okudliwayo kuhlanjululwa kabi - emvelweni, izinhlobo ezidliwayo nezinobuhlungu ngokuvamile zikhula ndawonye, zixhumana futhi zixhumana. Ukuze ugweme ukudakwa nokufa, geza amakhowe kahle futhi ungalokothi uwadle okuluhlaza, ngisho noma uqinisekile ukuthi uhlobo oludliwayo - ukushisa njalo-ukuphatha amakhowe.
Sebenzisa ekuphekeni
Ngenxa yobunzima nokugaya kahle kwemilenze ye-negnichnik yokupheka ukusebenzisa kuphela ama-caps kanye nenyama.
Ama-caps owomile angaba isiphuzo esihle kakhulu sezitsha: aphike iphunga elimnandi. Lolu hlobo lwamakhowe lunikeza umhluzi omnandi kunazo zonke, uma uqhathaniswa nazo zonke ezinye izinhlobo (ngisho idlula umhluzi omhlophe we-mushroom ukunambitha). 
Ekudleni kwaseYurophu, leli khowa seliyingxenye ebalulekile yamasiki anesipuni. Futhi isebenzisa i-marasmiusov ye-salting, i-pickling, eyomisa, isobho lokupheka nezinhlobonhlobo zokudla okulula.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nobuchwepheshe bokudoba nokusawoti, ukomisa, ama-mushroom amaqanda.
Indlela yokuhlanza
I-negynichniki entsha inamandla okuphuthuma ngokushesha, ngakho kufanele ihlanzwe ngokushesha ngemva kokuqoqwa okusheshayo. Qinisekisa ukuthi uhlunga amakhowe ngaphambi kokuhlanza - zonke izinsimbi ezindala, ezibola noma ezibunjiwe zidinga ukuphonswa.
Khona-ke udinga amakhowe qiniseka ukuthi ugeza: ama-debris, izimbungulu, noma ama-aphid angahlala ngaphansi kwama-caps - kodwa hhayi uma usomisa amakhowe futhi. Khona-ke udoti okwedlulele nezimbungulu kufanele zisuswe ngaphansi kwekhanda ngomese. Uma isivuno esivunyiwe senzelwe ukomisa, khona-ke kuyokwanela ukunquma izingxenye ezimele noma ezibunjiwe ze-fungus - enye into yokuqeda ayidingekile. 
Ukukhethisa noma ukukhethisa uzodinga olunye uhlobo lokuhlanza. Ngaphambi kokucubungula, kufanele kuhlungwe imizuzu engu-20-30 emanzini afudumele. Bese ususa ngokucophelela le ifilimu ngommese ngaphandle kokulimaza i-mushroom cap (imilenze nayo ingasuswa). Ifilimu ngaphansi kwekhanda ayikwazi ukususwa, kodwa uma udinga ukwenza lokhu, kwanele ukufaka i-cap ngaphansi komfudlana wamanzi - ifilimu emnene iyohlukanisa kalula futhi igeze. Okulandelayo, ama-caps ahlanzekile ahlanza - manje angasetshenziselwa ukulungiselela okwengeziwe.
Zijwayele nge zokupheka kokwenza amakhowe anamanzi anamafutha.
Kanjani futhi kanjani ukupheka
Isikhathi sokupheka sibalwa ngokususelwa kusiphi isidlo amakhowe ahloswe nokuthi yikuphi ukwelashwa okushisa okuzokwenzeka esikhathini esizayo:
- Frying. Ngaphambi kokucima noma ukufaka ama-mushroom amakhowe, kufanele abiliswe emanzini anosawoti okungenani ihora elilodwa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inqubo yokupheka ihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezimbili: okokuqala, amakhowe asebilisiwe ngamaminithi angu-20, bese kuthiwa i-anyanisi, i-leaf leaf, i-allspice, nosawoti kubo - amabilisi angewona amafutha abilisiwe ngamaminithi angu-40. Bese bekhishwa emfuleni, bavunyelwe ukuba bome kancane futhi basetshenziselwe ukunambisa noma isidumbu nezinye izingxenye - u-anyanisi, amazambane, ukhilimu omuncu, inyama, njll.
- Frost. Isikhathi sokupheka se-marasmius ngaphambi kokushisa kuncike ebukhulu babo, kodwa ngokwesilinganiso lesi sikhathi akufanele sibe ngaphansi kwemizuzu engama-60. Emva kokubilisa imizuzu engama-20, amanzi okuqala agcwele amanzi, futhi amakhowe ama-brown-brown athululelwa ngamanzi abilayo amasha, bese ephekwe kuze kube sekugcineni.
- Ukushayela. Amakhomikhali kufanele alungiselelwe ngokugcwele, ngakho-ke kudingeka adilise okungenani imizuzu engu-60-80. Ngemuva kwemizuzu engu-20-25 emva kokuqala kokubilisa, amanzi aphethwe futhi angewona amathumba agcwele amanzi amasha abilayo, usawoti kanye nezinongo zengeziwe, kanti amanye amaminithi angu-40-60 abilisiwe.
- Ukupheka amakhowe omisiwe. Ukuze ugarlic omisiwe uphinde ubuyisele ngokuphelele, kufanele uwilise ngamanzi anosawoti imizuzu engu-20-30.
Indlela yokusheshe
Isetshenziselwa ukunambisa ama-mushroom aphekwe ngaphambili - imilenze yamadlelo ayifanele ukugaya noma ukudoba. Amakhowe akusiwe aphekiwe aphuza epanini elishisayo lokushisa amahora angu-20 kuya ku-30 (uma ukhala ngenyama, isikhathi sokupheka senyukela emaminithini angu-40). Amakhowe afriziwe agcoba imizuzu engaba ngu-30 - akukho okudingekayo ngaphambi kokususwa. Esinye sezibonakaliso zokupheka okuphekiwe kulula emva kokudubula: lokhu kusebenza kumakhowe afriziwe. Ama-mushroom amasha amasha athatha amaminithi angu-40 (kuleli cala, kumele aqale afakwe emanzini afudumele amaminithi angu-30).
Uyazi? Esikhathini seNkathi Ephakathi, amantombazane enenyanga egcwele aqoqa ama-caps we-negnichnik futhi awasebenzisa ebusweni - kwakucatshangwa ukuthi bakwazi ukuzinqanda izikhukhula nezikhumba zesikhumba.
Ividiyo: iqoqo lezinyosi zama-agaric, umehluko wamakhowe amabili, ukuhlanza, ukomisa
I-meadow arbor ingenye yezinhlobo eziwuthandwa kakhulu zamakhowe phakathi kwabaqalayo nabaqashi be-mushroom abanolwazi. Ukukhula okungaqondakali, ukulula ukuvuna nokuhlanza, kanye nokunambitheka okuhle, kwenza i-negychnik enye yezinyosi ezivuthiwe kakhulu eYurophu. Ukwaziswa kwemithetho yokuhlanza kanye nokwelashwa kokushisa komdanso kuzokusiza ukuba upheke izitsha okumnandi, kanye nokupheka, ukomile futhi ulungele ugarlic ebusika.
