Ukubukeka okukhangayo kwe-gladioli kwavumela lezi zimbali ukuba zithole ukunakekelwa kwabalimi emhlabeni wonke kusukela emazweni ahlukene. Kodwa-ke, uma ezindaweni eziseningizimu ukulima kwazo kungabizwa umsebenzi olula, ngakho-ke ezimweni zesimo sezulu esinzima, izinkinga ezithile zivame ukuphakama. Izakhamuzi zase-Urals nazo kumele zibhekene nalezi zinsuku, ngakho-ke kulesi sihloko sizokhuluma mayelana nama-nuances okulungiselela, ukutshala nokuqhubeka nokukhathalela i-gladioli enhle kule ndawo.
Izinhlobo ezingcono kakhulu zokukhula ema-Urals
Eminyakeni yamuva, abalimi abafuywayo nabangaphandle baye bafaka umzamo omkhulu ekuzaliseni izinhlobo ezintsha ze-gladioli, incazelo ebuye ikhulume ngayo ngokuthuthukisa ubunzima bebusika. Ngenxa yalesi sici, ukuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo eziningi namuhla kuhlonywe ngempumelelo ngaphansi kwezimo ezimbi, ikakhulukazi, ema-Urals, ngesimo sezulu sase-continental nesimiso esingafani.
Thola ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ze-gladioli ezingcono kakhulu, indlela yokutshala nokuzigcina, indlela yokunakekela i-gladioli, ukuthi ungayikhula kanjani kuziqukathi.Okuphumelela kakhulu kulokhu kuzoba yizinhlobo ezilandelayo:
- "Oasis". Ihluke umbala wokuqala kanye nombala okhangayo wezimbali ezincane kakhulu - umbala we-lime ogcwele i-pink. Amapuleti amaqabunga amancane futhi amancane, futhi isitshalo sikhula kufika ku-140 cm. I-bouquet yale gladioli ibukeka ikhanya futhi ingavamile.
- "Benvenuto" - Enye ibanga elihle le-gladioli. Kulesi simo, ukuqhakaza okubomvu okubomvu kungabonwa kusukela ephakathi kwehlobo kuze kube sekupheleni kwezinsuku ezifudumele. Ama-inflorescences amakhulu ngokuvamile afinyelela ngamasentimitha angu-40 ubude, enokuphakama okungaba ngu-130 cm wesitshalo. Abalimi abaningi bakhula lokhu okuhlukahlukene hhayi kuphela ukuhlobisa isayithi, kodwa futhi nokuhlobisa izimbali.
- "Sonata". Izinhlobonhlobo ziphansi kakhulu kunezidlule (iziqu ezinezimbali ze-lilac zikhula zingaphezu kuka-100 cm ukuphakama), kodwa zihlonishwa ngabalimi ngokuhlobisa kwabo. Kungakhula kokubili ukuhlobisa isayithi, nokusika.
- "Vista". Umbala wale gladioli ukhumbuza umbala we "floores", futhi ufinyelela ubude obungama-130 cm. Ngaphandle kwemibala ebonakalayo ekhangayo, amaqabunga amancane agqoke umbala obala obala omsindo aphonswa ngokushesha emehlweni abo abakuzungezile.
- I-Azurro - ekahle ukusika izimbali. Umbala obomvu ogcwele obomvu njalo uheha ukunakekelwa kwalezi gladioli, ezikhuphukela ku-100 cm ukuphakama. Njengezinye izinhlobo eziningi, amaqabunga amaqabunga ayamancane futhi amancane.
- "Otsilla" - Ummeleli weqembu le-gladioli elicwengekile kakhulu nelomusa, ozizwa kahle ema-Urals. Izimbali zalezi zihlukahlukene zibhekwa ukukhanya okungenakuqhathaniswa nokuphefumula, okuyinhloko ngenxa yombala omhlophe weqhwa. I-stem ebuthakathaka eqhathaniswayo, engakwazi ukubhekana nazo zonke izinhlobo ze-inflorescences, ibhekwa njengokunciphisa kancane kulezi gladioli. Ngenxa yalokhu, kufanele ubophe izimbali.
- "Passos". Ezihlukahlukene zibonakala ngezimbali eziqhakazile nezikhulu, ezihlanganisa izici eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezibucayi nezibucayi. Amaphilisi ahlotshaniswa kuphela afaka ukwanda kwesitshalo.
- "Ukumomotheka kukaGagarin". Izimbali zine pink ezinezikhungo ezibomvu. Ukuhluka ekumelaneni okuhle nezimo ezimbi zokukhula. Lezi zitshalo zingabizwa ngokuthi yindlela enhle yegadi yase-Ural.
- "Ukupheka". I-Gladioli inhle kakhulu ekutshalweni kokuqala ku-Urals. Ukuqhakaza okubomvu okubomvu kungabonwa engxenyeni yesibili kaJulayi.
Uyazi? Namuhla, i-gladiolus iyisitshalo esihle sokuhlobisa, kodwa kwakukhona isikhathi lapho imbali yayinemikhiqizo yemilingo. Ngakho-ke, esifundeni saseRoma sasendulo, abaqaphi babezibheka njengezigqila zabo futhi bembethe anyanisi njengento yokuqinisekisa ukunqoba empini.
Nini ukuthola nokuthi ungalungisa kanjani ama-amp
Ukulungiswa kwezinto zokutshala kokufika kwisayithi kuhlale kuyisigaba esibaluleke kakhulu, futhi uma kungezona izimo ezikhulayo kakhulu, khona-ke ukuhambisana kwazo zonke izinto zokulungiselela kuyanda kakhulu.
Uma kwenzeka i-gladioli, ukulungiswa okulungiselelwe ukulungiselela ukulungiselela u-anyanisi kuyisidingo sokuqala nokusabalalisa izimbali, ngoba ngaphambili "bavuswa", ngokushesha izitshalo zizoqala ukukhula. Ngokutshala ezindaweni zokuhlala, baqala ukuzibandakanya ekulungiseleleni okunjalo amasonto amabili ngaphambi kosuku oluhleliwe lokutshala emhlabathini ovulekile.
Cabanga ngokulandelana kwazo zonke izinto ezidingekayo zokulungiselela:
- Ukuze uqale, hlola ngokucophelela wonke ama-bulbs ukukhipha ama-specimens ezilimazwe izifo noma izinambuzane.
- Bese uhlanza ngokucophelela kodwa ngokucophelela izinto ezikhethiwe zokutshala kuzo zonke iziphazamiso eziphezulu ezonakele nezomile.
- Zisakaze emgodini owodwa kuma-trays ahlanzekile, omile bese ubathumela ekamelweni elifudumele elinokukhanya okukhulu.
Kungani futhi kufanele zihlume kanjani
Abanye abalimi bakhetha ukungalahli isikhathi futhi ngokushesha batshale ama-gladiolus emazweni abo, kodwa kukhona enye indlela - ukuhluma ngaphambi kokuhluma kwezinto zokutshala. Esikhathini esilandelayo, kungenzeka ukufezekisa ukukhula kwangaphambili kanye nezimbali zezitshalo, ngakho-ke kunengqondo ukucabanga ngale ndlela yokulungiselela. Kunezinketho eziyisisekelo eziningana zokwenza inqubo:
1. Ukukhula noma ukuhluma uhlobo lwezambane. Mhlawumbe inketho elula ukubeka anyanisi olungiselelwe ngaphambilini noma izingane ze-gladioli endaweni ekhanyayo (qiniseka ukuthi uya phansi).
Kubalulekile! Noma yikuphi ukutholakala kokungena kwamanzi kufanele kukhishwe, ngaphandle kwalokho uhlelo lwempande luzoqala ukukhula ngaphambi kwesikhathi.2. Ukuhluma ku-sawdust emanzi noma utshani. Thela u-2 cm wezinto ezikhethiwe esikhwameni sepulasitiki esicacile bese u-moisten kancane, kodwa ukuze kuthi uma ucindezelwa ngombindi umswakama awuveli. Okulandelayo kukhonjiswe futhi kulungiselelwe ama-gladiolus ama-bulb, ngokufanayo asakaze phezu kwendawo yonke. Manje into ethakazelisayo kunazo zonke: ukuthayipha amaphaphu egcwele emoyeni, kuyadingeka ukuba uyifake emaphaketheni avuliwe kancane izikhathi ezingu-5-10, ngaleyo ndlela ugcwalise isikhala kuwo nge carbon dioxide. Ngemuva kwalokho, ungakwazi ukubopha isikhwama bese usibeka eduze noma eduze kwefasitela lewindi, futhi ngokushesha nje lapho imicibisholo ibonakala phezulu, ungaqhubeka nokuphuza nokutshala izinto zokutshala esikhwameni esivele sivulekile.
3. Ukutshala anyanisi enhlabathini evamile. Le nqubo yenziwa ngemuva kokudubula abahlwanyelayo kufinyelela ku-5 cm ukuphakama. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukubeka u-anyanisi ngamunye kwisitsha esihlukile (isibonelo, ku-0.5 l indebe yeplastiki elahlakayo), phansi lapho ungqimba lwamanzi kufanele ubeke khona ngobumba obunwe noma noma yikuphi okunye okunezinto ezifanayo. Phezulu kwalo uthele inhlanganisela yenhlabathi ngokwayo bese uyibeka u-anyanisi gladioli. 
Ekupheleni kwayo yonke imisebenzi yokulungiselela, cishe amahora ama-5 ngaphambi kokutshala emhlabathini ovulekile, kuhleleka ukuba ubeke anyanisi noma u-anyanisi olungiselelwe kuphela kwisisombululo sezakhi ezincane noma izinkuni. Ngokuqondene nesikhathi esiqondile sokufika emhlabathini, konke lokhu kuncike ezimweni zesimo sezulu nokufudumala kwezwe endaweni esetshenziselwa ukutshala isiko sembali ecacisiwe.
Uyazi? Zonke izinhlobonhlobo zanamuhla ze-gladiolus zingenxa kaWilliam Herbert, owathi ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19 wadlula izinhlobo eziningana zaseNingizimu Afrika. Kwakukhona ngalezo zinsuku ukuthi lezi zitshalo zaqala ukuthakazelisa isintu njengesici sokuhlobisa, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukubaluleka kwayo namuhla.
Ukukhetha indawo kusayithi
Azikho umehluko omkhulu ekukhethweni kwendawo yokukhula kwe-gladioli ku-Urals nasezindaweni zaseningizimu. Kule ndaba kubalulekile ukugxila kakhulu ekudingeni izidingo ezincane zezilimi ezivezwe ku:
- isidingo sokwenzeka ngokujulile kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, okuyokwenza ukuthi kungabikho ukutholakala kwamanzi omswakama ohlelweni lwesitshalo nokubola kwawo;
- ukukhanya okuhle kwelanga kwendawo, okungamangalisi, kunikezwe umsuka wesimo sezulu we-gladiolus;
- inani eliphakeme lokudla okunomsoco wenhlabathi ecebile kuma-humus futhi exutshwe nesihlabathi somfula;
- ukungabikho komthunzi ophelele, ongathinta kakhulu ubuhle obukhazimulayo
- ukungabi khona kwemidwebo nemimoya eqinile (uma kunesidingo, kungcono ukucima ngokushesha ukufika).
Ngaphezu kwalokho, akuyona into engathandeki ukutshala i-gladioli ezindaweni lapho zikhule khona ngonyaka odlule, noma i-turnips, i-horseradish, i-radishes noma iklabishi yayingaphambi kwabo.Ukulungiswa komhlaba
Njengoba ulungiselele izimbali ze-anyanisi zokutshala nokukhetha indawo efanele ukuba zikhule, sekuyisikhathi sokulungisa i-substrate bese utshala isitshalo ngqo ezweni lase-Ural. Okokuqala, qaphela i-acidity yenhlabathi.
Ikhetho elihle le-gladiolus liyoba yinani elilinganiselwa ku-6.5-6.8 pH, kodwa, akunakwenzeka ukucacisa izinombolo eziqondile ngeso, ngoba lezi zindlela ezikhethekile ze-laboratory zinikezwa.
Thola ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zenhlabathi ezikhona, indlela yokucacisa ukuthi i-acidity yenhlabathi, indlela yokukhipha inhlabathi, yiyiphi i-acidity enhle kakhulu kwezitshalo ezahlukene, indlela yokutshala izinhlobo ezahlukene zenhlabathi ngendlela efanele.Kodwa-ke, uma usuvele wazi nge-acidity ekhulayo yomhlabathi endaweni yakho, ngakho-ke ukuze uvikele izinkinga, kuyadingeka ukufaka ngaphambi kokungeza amaqanda amaqanda aqhekekile emhlabathini, ngesilinganiso esingu-200 g ngalinye ngehora elilodwa, noma ukuxuba i-lime powder nayo ngokufanayo.
Ngokuqondene nezinye izici zokubunjwa kwenhlabathi, umhlabathi omnyama nokukhanya okuluhlaza kulungele ukutshalwa kwezimpande ngokuphumelelayo, kuyilapho ukutshala ezindaweni ezinzima futhi zobumba kungeke kube nomphumela oyifunayo.
Kubalulekile! Ezindaweni eziqine kakhulu, isihlabathi kanye ne-humus zivame ukufakwa emhlabathini (ngesikhathi sokumba), futhi ezinhlabathini ezinesihlabathi - ubumba.Imibhede yaseJardin ye-gladioli ingalungiselelwa ekwindla. Ukwenza lokhu, bayabamba, basuse wonke ukhula futhi bacebe ngendlela ye-phosphorus noma i-potassium compounds nge-50 g ngalinye nge-1 m².
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufaka umanyolo ophilayo owu-8-10 kg we-humus ohlanganiswe no-50-100 g womlotha, owethulwa ngesikhathi sokumba, ngeke ube usizo. Ngaphambi kokutshala ngqo kwezithombo, i-potassium sulfate noma i-potassium magnesia isetshenziswa ngokungeziwe.Ukutshala nini futhi kanjani ukutshala i-gladioli ku-Urals
Ngokusekelwe ezimweni zesimo sezulu, izinsuku zokufika kwe-gladioli ngeminyaka ehlukene zingase zishintshe kancane, kepha ngokwesilinganiso isigamu sesibili sangoMeyi sizofaneleka kakhulu kwi-Urals. Ngokuvamile, kuze kube manje, inhlabathi isivele inesikhathi sokufudumala ngemisebe yelanga, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi ama-frost aphindaphindiwe anciphisa.
Funda indlela yokuvikela insimu kanye nensimu kusuka ku-frost.Njengoba unikezwe isikhathi esifushane sehlobo sasehlobo salesi sifunda sezulu, izitshalo ezitshalwe emva kwesikhathi zingase zinganikezi izimbali, ngakho-ke kufanele usuqondiswe izinkomba zokushisa. Uma izinga lokushisa lomoya phakathi nesonto aliwi ngaphansi kwe-+18 ° C, futhi inhlabathi isivele ikwazi ukufudumala kufika ku- + 15 ... +17 ° C - yisikhathi sokuqala ukutshala i-gladioli. Ubuchwepheshe balo msebenzi kanje:
- Embhede olungiselelwe udinga ukwenza ama-groove uphinde uwathulule ngamanzi (ungakwazi nesisombululo se-phytosporin).
- Uhlaka oluncane lwesigamu somfula kufanele luthululwe phezu kwenhlabathi ehlutshiwe (noma ngabe konke kuhle nge-asidi kusayithi).
- Manje sekuyisikhathi sokutshala u-anyanisi, ukujulisa emhlabathini ngo 5 noma 10-14 cm (lapha ubukhulu bezinto zokutshala kucatshangelwa: okukhudlwana ububanzi bama-bulb, kuyoba ukujula kokubekwa kwabo). Uma endaweni engaphansi kwe-substrate esindayo, ama-bulbs ejule ngo-8-9 cm ngaphansi kwejwayelekile. Isikhala esingenamkhawulo esingenamkhawulo phakathi kwezitshalo ezingomakhelwane kufanele sibe ngu-15 cm we-anyanisi omningi kanye no-5 cm izingane, futhi ama-aisles ngokuvamile athatha cishe u-20 cm (okuphambene nezimbali, kulula ukuzinakekela).
Uyazi? Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho, lapho bethola ukujula okuhle okutshalwe kwezimbali ezichazwe, hamba ngokubaluleka kwamamitha amathathu wezinto zokutshala okulungiselelwe.Emva kokutshala ama-bulb, kubalulekile ukuthi unhlabathi inhlabathi, okuzosiza ukuvikela i-gladiolus ekukhuphukeni kwamanzi nokushisa kwelanga.
Indlela yokunakekela
Ukutshala kahle kwe-gladioli yedwa akuwanele ukukhiqiza imibala enhle necacile. Lezi zitshalo zidinga ukunakekelwa okuhlelekile, ikakhulu uma kuziwa ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esingahle kakhulu. Lapho udala indawo enhle yokutshala kwakho, kufanele ucabangele imithetho embalwa elula:
- Ukunisela kufanele kube ngesikhathi esifanele futhi njalo, njalo kanye ngesonto, futhi ukusetshenziswa komthamo kumele kwenziwe ekuseni noma kusihlwa (zama ukungamanzi amaqabunga nezimbali). Ngamamitha angu-1 womhlaba kufanele kube ngamabhakede angu-1 amanzi.
- Ngemuva kokunisela, isilinganiso sokugunyazwa siyakususa inhlabathi (ukugwema ukubukeka komhlabathi) nokuhlanganiswa kwayo, okwenziwa ukuze kugcinwe umswakama emhlabathini.
- Ngeke kwenzeke ukukhipha ngaphandle kwenhlabathi njalo, kungenjalo utshani obunokhula luzovele bumise i-gladioli, futhi ngeke bakwazi ukunikeza izimbali ezinhle.
- Ezinye izinhlobo zidinga i-garter ukusekela, okufanele futhi ingakhohlwa. Uma ungagcwalisi le mfuneko, khona-ke lapho uqala khona umoya unzima kakhulu.
- Qinisekisa ukuthi uhlola zonke izitshalo ngezimbali ezomile noma amaqabunga amaqabunga awonakele. Kuzo zombili izimo, izingxenye ezinjalo kufanele zisuswe masinyane ukuze isitshalo singalahlekelwa umphumela wayo wokuhlobisa.
- I-Gladiolus, njengezinye izitshalo eziningi zokuhlobisa, ziphendula kahle ngokusungulwa komanyolo emhlabathini. Isikhathi sokuqala sokudla singenziwa emva kokuvela kweqabunga lesithathu, besebenzisa le njongo urea, ammonium nitrate noma i-ammonium sulfate. Esesibili senziwa ngemuva kokuvela kweqabunga lesithupha, besebenzisa i-ammonium sulfate noma i-superphosphate. Ukukhulelwa kwesithathu kumele kuhambisane nokubonakala kwamafihleli ku-gladioli, futhi kulokhu i-potassium chloride ne-superphosphate kuyoba kufanelekile. Ukubalwa okuqondile komthamo kwenziwa ngokucabangela izici zokuqala zenhlabathi esakhiweni, kepha ngokuvamile akuyona engaphezu kuka-50-100 g yemithi ngayinye nge-1 mm.
Kuphela okunakekelwa okunjalo ongalindela ku-gladioli yemifino eluhlaza, okuyinto eqinisekile ukuthi ibe yinto ehle kakhulu yokuhlobisa kunoma iyiphi ingadi.Lapho ukumba futhi kuphi ukugcina ama-ebusika
Uma ukhula nge-gladioli ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu ze-Urals, zonke izimbali kufanele ziqunywe ekuqaleni kuka-Septhemba, ukuze amaqabunga anyanisi emhlabathini abe nezakhi zokwanele (ngokwesilinganiso, le nqubo ithatha cishe inyanga).
Kubalulekile! Ukusika kufanele kwenziwe ngokuvumelana nayo yonke imithetho, ukuze lesi sitshalo sibe namaqabunga amane okungenani, sigcwalise ngokuphelele ingxenye ye-peduncle.Ngemuva kwamasonto amane, okungukuthi, ekupheleni kukaSeptemba noma ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba, ungaqhubeka ngokuphepha ukumba ama-gladiolus ama-dry and furthering them, kodwa ngokususwa kokuqala kwazo zonke izingxenye ezingadingekile (isibonelo, ucezu lwesitshalo noma impande eyomile). Ngaphambi kokumisa, i-bulb kufanele ibe nehlanzekile futhi ihlanzeke.
Abanye balimi batusa ngaphezu kwalokho ukuthi bakhuphule izinto zokutshala ezikhishwe ngamakhemikhali anobuthi (isibonelo, "Aktellik" noma "Maxim"), okuzosiza ukuqeda ama-thrips, ezinye izinambuzane kanye nezifo eziphilayo. Ngemuva kwalokhu ukwelashwa, ama-bulbs angathunyelwa isonto elimiswe ngamaviki amabili ekushiseni okungaba ngu-+20 ° C.
Awudingi igumbi elikhethekile, ungamane ubeke ibhokisi elinama-ngaphansi kombhede noma ekamelweni. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-14, ngommese obukhali udinga ukususa u-anyanisi omdala kusukela phansi, ukuthi ngesikhathi sokumisa okujwayelekile ngeke kube yinkinga. Uma le nqubo ihluleka, udinga nje ukumelela izinto zokutshala esikhathini esizayo. 
Omile futhi olungiselelwe kahle ama-isitoreji esitoreji afakwa ezikhwama ze-rag, ukupakishwa yizici ze-varietal. Akunconywa ukusebenzisa iziqukathi zeglasi ukuze kugcinwe i-gladioli, ikakhulukazi uma zimbozwa ngamabhodlela, ngoba izinto zokutshala ziyobe ziwohloka ngaphandle kokufinyelela emoyeni.
Funda indlela yokukhulisa i-dahlias, i-allium, i-tulips, i-proleski, i-daffodils, i-hionodoksy, iminduze, i-montbretias, i-licorises, i-snowdrops, i-candyk, i-crocuses, i-ixia, i-zhyhyhes.Неплохим местом для хранения луковиц будет нижняя полка холодильника, правда, только в том случае, если их немного. Если у вас достаточно материала, то в холодильнике можно разместить только самые ценные сорта, а все остальные разложить в овощные ящики и опустить в подвал. Kunoma yikuphi, izinga lokushisa endaweni yokugcina ne-gladioli kufanele kube ngaphakathi + 2 ... +10 ° C, noma kunjalo, uma anyanisi evuthiwe futhi emile kahle, khona-ke angagcinwa ngokujwayelekile ngisho nase-+15 ° C.
Ngokuqondene nezinga eliphezulu lomswakama, ukulondoloza, kunele ukubeka ibhakede lamanzi eduze kwamabhokisi. Ungabi nobuvila okungenani kanye ngenyanga ukuhlola ukuphepha kwezimbali zabo, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukulahla amakhophi abagulayo nokuphangwa.
Ukuqaphela zonke izincomo ezingenhla ekutshalweni nasekunakekeleni i-gladioli, ngisho nesimo sezulu esibi se-Urals ngeke sibe yisithiyo ekutholeni izimbali ezinhle, into eyinhloko ukukhetha izinhlobo ezifanele.
