Ama-apula asekwindla yamuva ehlobo lwe "Sun" ayethandwa abalimi basekhaya ngenxa yokunambitheka kwabo okusezingeni kanye nekhwalithi yokugcina okuhle.
Ukukhuphula, amaqoqo abo abomvu ahlobisa umqhele omncane womuthi omncane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zihlukahlukene zihlukaniswa nokulula kokulima kwezolimo.
Kulesi sihloko sizochaza indlela yokukhulisa i-apula "Sun" kusayithi lakho, kanye nokuhlaziya izinzuzo eziyinhloko nezimo eziyingozi ezihlukahlukene.
Uyazi? Ezingqungqutheleni zamaGreki zasendulo, i-apula yayikhonjelwa njengophawu lokushisa kwelanga nokuhlakanipha, ukunikeza amandla angavamile izihlahla lapho lezi zithelo zakhula khona. Izihlahla ze-Apple zazibhekwa njengezipho ezingcwele zikaNkulunkulu u-Apollo. Ngendlela, igama lakhe lilodwa-impande ngegama lesiNgisi elithi "apple".
Umlando wezinhlobo zokukhetha ze-apula "Sun"
Izihlahla ze-apruiting "I-Sun" zazalwa ngochungechunge lwezisebenzi ze-All-Russian Scientific Research Institute Vladimir Zhdanov noZoya Serova ekuqaleni kwama-80s. Izinhlobonhlobo zisuswe emhlanjeni yemithi yama-apula ngokukhululekile futhi emva kweminyaka eyisithupha imangaze wonke umuntu onokuvunwa kakhulu.
Ngisho nabalimi babengalindelanga umuthi onjalo. Izihlahla ze-apula ezincane ziye zahlukana kakhulu nezinhlobo zendabuko ezidumile. Isibonelo, kabili ukusebenza kokudumile "i-Antonovka." Ukubonga komthengi kwaba ukunambitheka kwezihlukahlukene ezintsha. Ngokushesha i-apula "Sunny" yaba yinto efiselekayo kuyo yonke indawo engadini. Njengoba kunikezwe isidingo kanye nesimo esasakazekile sabameleli abasha bezithelo, ososayensi banezifundazwe ezihlukahlukene. 
Izinhlamvu ze-apula izinhlobo "Sun"
Izici ezibalulekile ze-apula "Sun" balimi bambiza ukumelana okukhulu nesithwathwa, kalula ukunakekelwa, umhlobiso, ukuvuthwa okunamandla nokunambitheka kakhulu kwezithelo. Ake sicabangele ngokuningiliziwe ukwahlukana kwezihlukahlukene ezivela kwabanye.
Incazelo yomuthi
Izihlahla ze-Apple zikhula phansi, zibe nomqhele ojikelezayo womjikelezo ophakathi. Amagatsha amaphepho kanye nesiqu esimbozwe amagxolo ashisayo ombala obomvu ngendwangu encane ephuzi. Amahlumela amancane abhekene nokuqina, izinwele kanye nama-internodes amancane, kanye namafleji afana ne-pubescent. Amaqabunga akhulu, amaqanda ahlotshiswe ngendwangu ekhonjiwe. I-Petioles ayifushane futhi enzima.
Lapho izihlahla ze-apula ziqhakaza, umkhathi omangalisayo udala ngenxa ye-inflorescences yombala obomvu obomvu obusakaze kakhulu amagatsha ahlanganisiwe. Ngokuvamile zihlanganisa ama-buddha angu-5-6. Ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwama-apula, amagatsha ngaphansi kwesisindo sawo ahla kakhulu, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abaphuli. 
Uyazi? Izithelo zezihlahla ze-apula ezinhlobonhlobo "Sun" ziqukethe ushukela (cishe u-8% ku-apula eyodwa), i-ascorbic acid (i-7 mg nge-100 g), ama-acid titratable (1%), ama-P-actif (100 mg).
Incazelo yezithelo
Izithelo ze-apula izihlahla "Sun", njengoba kushiwo ngenhla kule ncazelo, zikhule ngokukhululekile. I-apula ngayinye inesisindo sobubanzi obungama-200 g. Ngaphandle, i-oblong, ayifuni kakhulu, egcwele, egcwele isikhumba esiluhlaza, esibeka ngokucacile ukukhanya okubomvu okukhanyayo okukhanyayo. Ngaphansi kwalo esikhumbeni kubonakala sengathi kufanelana nemibala emincane emhlophe.
Ngesikhathi sokuvuna, cishe zonke izithelo zithululwa, okwenza zibe mnandi nakakhulu. Inyama imhlophe, ngezikhathi ezithile i-creamy. Uhlukana no-juiciness nokunambitheka okumnandi. Imbewu encane, ifana nokuma kwamaqabunga. Isithelo sisondelene egatsheni ngesigamu esifushane.
Izinzuzo nezimo ezihlukahlukene
Izihlahla ze-Apple zalezi zinhlobonhlobo zinezinzuzo eziningi, phakathi kwalabaphi abalimi kulezi zibuyekezo bathi:
- isivuno esihle esiphezulu;
- ukuphikisa isikhumba;
- Ubunzima bebusika (izihlahla zibhekene nama-degrees ama-40 frost);
- ukuphatheka kwemidwebo nemimoya;
- ukuphikelela okuhle;
- ukuxilongwa kwe-apula (kungadliwa okuluhlaza futhi kusetshenziswe);
- ikhono lama-petioles ukuze lihlanye izimpande ezincane.
Phakathi kokushiyeka kwezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze "Sun" abathengi bayibiza:
- Ukulimala kuqala ngeminyaka emihlanu kuya kwesikhombisa;
- isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuvuna, izithelo ziqala ukuwa, ziphoqelele ukuba ziwacubungele ijusi.
Uyazi? Ukubukeka kwama-apula "Sun" kwakuyisizathu sokuthi lezi zinhlobonhlobo zazifakwe ohlwini lwamapula ama-aple.
Imithetho yokutshala i-apula "Sun" kusayithi
Ukutshala i-apple "i-Sun" ayenzi izinkinga ngokukhetha indawo, noma ngokuhlinzekwa kwezimo ezengeziwe zezithombo. Imithi ihluma kahle futhi ayidingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile. Kodwa nokho kufanelekile ukulalela ezinye izimo ezincane ze-agrotechnology efanele.
Isikhathi esihle sokutshala izithombo
Ukutshala kwalolu hlobo, njengamanye ama-apula, kungenziwa kuhlelwe entwasahlobo noma ekwindla. Uma wenza lokhu maphakathi no-Okthoba, umuthi uzoba nesikhathi ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibanda ukuqinisa uhlelo lwempande futhi angeke kubune ngenxa yesimo sepholile, esomile.
Kodwa u-Ephreli ukuxoshwa kwama-saplings kubhekwa ngokuphumelelayo. Ochwepheshe bachaza lesi simo ngokuthi isihlahla sinesikhathi esengeziwe sokuqina futhi sivumelane nobusika. Ezimweni zokutshala entwasahlobo, kubalulekile ukuphuza isihlahla somuthi ngesikhathi esifanele, ukugcina izimpande zesomiso. 
Izinsuku zokufika zixhomeke ezimweni zokushisa zesifunda esithile. Into eyinhloko ukuthi umhlaba uvuselela kahle, kodwa awusomile ngaphansi kwelanga elishisayo. Ngaphambi kokutshala i-apula, khipha izimpande ngesandla esivulekile. Ngenxa yalokhu, isithombo sishiywa usuku emanzini. Futhi uma utshalwa, umuthi uphuziswa ngendlela yokuthi amanzi ahlala emgodini futhi engasenwe ngumhlaba.
Ukukhetha indawo yokufika
Izinhlobo zokuphikisana "Sun" emakhazeni yenza kube lula indawo enhle yalesi sihlahla engadini. Kodwa nokho, isivuno semithi yama-apula sizoba sikhulu kakhulu uma kukhona ikona labo eningizimu, eningizimu-ntshonalanga noma eningizimu-ntshonalanga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlobo lokuthisa ukushisa kwezinhlobonhlobo kufanele lucatshangelwe: abameleli bayo bazokhululeka ezindaweni ezisebusuku lapho amanzi angaphansi komhlaba egeleza ngaphezu kwamamitha amabili.
Ukukhethwa kwemhlabathi angeke kunikezwe ukubaluleka okukhethekile, ngoba "i-Sun" iyashintsha kunoma yiziphi izimo, ngaphandle kobumba nama-substrates asindayo. Uma kungekho okunye kubo, kuzodingeka ungeze isihlabathi esiningi emgodini wokutshala isithombo. Ngakho-ke, uzosiza inhlabathi ukuba ikhuni futhi idlulise oksijini ohlelweni lwempande, oluzosiza ekuthuthukisweni kwalo okugcwele futhi ngeke luvumele ukuqhuma kwamanzi.
Kubalulekile! Ungalokothi usebenzise i-coniferous sawdust yemibuthano ye-apple yama-mulching pristvolny - baxosha umhlaba.
Inqubo yokuhambisa isinyathelo
Lapho ulungiselela ukutshala i-apula, okufanele uqale emavikini angu-3-4, udinga ukumba imbobo eyi-70 cm ejulile no-1 m ububanzi. Phonsa okuqukethwe kwamafosholo okuqala ibe yinqwaba eyodwa, futhi uqale kusuka ku-30 cm ubude, wenze okwesibili. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze uqhubeke ungcwaba imbande ngenhlabathi evundile, isuswe eseceleni esingenhla. Shayela isigxobo esingama-5 cm phakathi nendawo ye-groove, wehlisa phansi kuze kube phansi.
Izihlahla ze-Apple azithandi umswakama omile, ongabangela ukubola kwempande. Bese uhlanganisa i-substrate kusukela engxenyeni yokuqala ezinxenyeni ezilinganayo nama-humus, peat kanye nomquba (i-dose ephindwe kabili yesihlabathi ingeziwe ku-loams). Gcwalisa umgodi ngomxube olungiselelwe, kungenzeka ukuba uphakamise phezulu - kulokhu, umuthi wakho we-apula, lapho umhlaba uhlala khona, ngeke ube emngceleni, lapho umswakama uzoqoqa khona njalo. Emva kokusebenza okusebenzayo kuhlanganisa konke ngefilimu.
Ngemuva kwesikhathi esibekiwe, lapho izithengi zithengwa, izimpande zazo zigcwele futhi ziphathwe nge-special clay mash, ungaqala ukutshala. Qala ukuhlola izimpande zomonakalo, ukubola nokuma. Uma ukwanelisekile, yinciphisa isitshalo ungene emgodini, ubeke phansi kahle uhlelo lwempande bese uphuza amanzi ngokuningi. Lapho umhlaba ungasamanzi umswakama, qala ukugcwalisa uhambo lomhlaba, ngenkathi ugoqa isiqu ukuze ugcwalise izikhala ezenziwe eduze nezimpande.
Nciphisa umgqomo, ngaphandle kwalokho umuthi ngeke uthathe izimpande, futhi uqiniseke ukuthi i-collar yezimpande ingu-5 cm ngaphezulu komhlabathi. Ekuphetheni, ubophe isiqu esikhwameni bese ugawula isiqu esivela ku-apula 10 cm ukuze umuthi ungatheleleki uma umquba uchitheka .
Amathiphu wokunakekela i-apula "I-Sun"
I-Apple "Sun" ayidingi ulwazi olukhethekile ngesikhathi sokutshala nokunakekelwa. Umuthi ohlwanyelayo kufanele uthathe ngokushesha, ususe iziqongweni ze-trunk namagatsha wamasaka ku-80 cm emhlabathini. Esikhathini esizayo, le apple izokwenza umqhele oqondile kanye nesistimu enamandla yezimpande. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ungasebenzisa ukudla kokuqala kwesitshalo - kuzomsiza ukuba athole izimpande ngokushesha. Ukuchelela okuhlelekile, ukusika izihlahla, ukufaka umanyolo kanye nezinyathelo zokuvimbela izinambuzane nezifo kubalulekile ezihlukahlukene.
Kubalulekile! Ngakho-ke ebusika, ama-rodents alambile angacasuli izihlahla zakho zezithelo, avikele amagxolo awo ngeshidi elilodwa lesigamu semitha yokuthumba noma inetha lokuthungwa okukhulu. Ngaphandle kwalokho, amagatsha afanelekayo ama-conifers.
Ukwelashwa okuvimbela izinambuzane nezifo
Nakuba i-apula "Sun" futhi ibhekwa njengesihlahla esingahlengi, kodwa amaphutha ekukhuleni angaholela ekufeni kwakhe. Ngokuvamile lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-apula ihlaselwa yi-powdery isikhutha, i-cytosporosis, nezinambuzane eziyingozi.
Izifo zibonakaliswa ukukhanya okumnyama emagqabeni, amaqabunga futhi, njengoba ziqhubeka, zibulala isiko. Ukuqhakaza okumhlophe kwe-Mealy kubonakala sengathi kuyothuli futhi kungathathwa ngokungathí sina. Qaphela amaqabunga - kumele agcwele amandla, abe nombala oluhlaza. Ukubamba iqhaza ekukhuleni kwezifo ezibangelwa izifo kungaba umhlaba ombi, ukungabi nalutho lwezinto ezimbiwa ngamaminerali okumele zifike ngamanyolo, ukungabi namandla noma ukungaphezu kwemfuyo emhlabathini. Izinyathelo zokuvimbela kufanele zenziwe njalo entwasahlobo. Ukulima kokuqala kwezihlahla ze-apula kwenziwa ngoMashi nge-sulphate yethusi noma "Skor". Owesibili yilo lapho umuthi uhamba khona usebenzisa i-oxychloride yethusi. Futhi ngemva kokuba zonke izithelo zisuswe, sebenzisa ukushiswa kwesifo sokugcina sulfate sulfate. Izindlela zendabuko zelulekwa ngalezi zinhloso ukusebenzisa izixazululo zesepha, umsila womhlabathi, isinaphi.
Ukwelashwa kwenziwa ngokushesha ngemva kokuba izimpawu zesifo ziphawulwe. Ukususwa kwe-disinfection ngokuphumelelayo nezidakamizwa "Hom", "Topaz", i-colloidal sulfur, izixazululo zazo ezilungiselelwe ngokwemiyalo.
Ukunisela, ukusiphawula nokukhipha inhlabathi
Ukunakekelwa okusezingeni eliphezulu kwe-apple "Sun" kunikeza ukuhlanza okufika ngesikhathi kwamanqina kusuka emibuthanweni ye-pristvolnyh namaqabunga awilekile, ngoba yindawo enhle yezidumbu, okuzoqala ukubhubhisa lesi sihlahla. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukukhipha umhlaba eduze kwesiqu, ukuvimbela ukwakheka kwe-crust tight, okuzokwenza kube nomgoqo ekufinyeleleni kwe-oxygen ezimpandeni.
Kubalulekile! Eminyakeni yokuqala engu-4-5, izithombo ziphuza kaningi, kodwa ezinxenyeni ezincane zamanzi.
Unganisela izihlahla ze-apula ngezindlela ezahlukene. Ukwenza umsebenzi wabo ube lula, ungakwazi ukulungiselela ukuchelela, ukuvuza noma ukuchelela phezulu. Ngamunye wabo unenzuzo. Kodwa kunoma yikuphi, ungakhohlwa ukuthi ekushiseni amanzi amancane ayolimaza umuthi. Kuvinjelwe ukuphuza ama-apula ngaphambi nangemva kokukhetha izithelo. Ukungazi ngalezi zinhlayiya kuzoholela ekukhuleni kwezinhlumela ezincane ezingenakugqithisa futhi zingathinta isitshalo. 
Kuncike eminyakeni yobudala be-apula, inani lamanzi lokunisela libalwe. Isibonelo, izithelo ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila zidinga amabhakede amabili ngesilinganiso semitha yesigcawu sombuthano we-trunk; ngonyaka wesibili, leli nani liye landa emabhakede amane. Ngakho-ke, izihlahla ezingaphezu kweminyaka emihlanu ubudala futhi ezaqala ukuthela izithelo zidinga amabhakede ayisithupha noma ngaphezulu.
Entwasahlobo, izihlahla ezincane zama-apula (kuze kube yiminyaka emihlanu ubudala) ziyanisela okokuqala ngaphambi kokuba amaqabunga aqala ukuqhakaza, ephinda inqubo njalo ezinsukwini eziyisikhombisa. Izihlahla ezindala, ukuchelela kwesibili kwenziwa ngenkathi ukwakhiwa kwe-ovary.
Ekushiseni kudinga umswakama owengeziwe. Inqubo yokugcina ihlelwe amasonto ambalwa ngaphambi kokuba isithelo sisuswe esihlahleni. Uma u-Okthoba ubonakala ngesimo sezulu esifudumele nesomile, kuyadingeka okwesine ukugcoba umhlabathi ngenhloso yokuvimbela, ukuze umuthi we-apula ungabe usomile futhi ungabisi phakathi nobusika.
Kubalulekile! Ukuze uvimbele ukuthungwa komhlabathi owomile ngemuva kokuphuza emithini yemithi, gcwalisa umgodi ngemanki - Igalelo ekugcineni umswakama.
Umanyolo
Ukondla ama-apula kunqunywe izigaba zabo zezitshalo. Isihlahla sidinga izakhi uma amahlumela eqala ukuthuthukisa, ngakho-ke ama-fertilizer aqukethe i-nitrogen kanye nezakhi eziphilayo zifaneleka kakhulu ekukhuleni i-biomass. Ngokuvamile entwasahlobo yenza ingxube ye-nitroammofoski ne-ammonium nitrate noma isisombululo somquba wezinkukhu. 
Uma kuphela ukusetshenziswa kokugcina okusetshenzisiwe, inqubo kufanele iphindwe njalo ngenyanga kusukela ngoMashi kuya kuJuni. Phakathi nesikhathi se-fruiting, izihlahla zondliwa ngokwengeziwe nge-compost, superphosphate, i-potassium chloride, ne-nitroammophoska. Ukuze izithelo zilungiselele kahle ubusika, ngo-Agasti zihlonywe ngamaminerali, okumele kubhalwe ngokuthi "ekwindla" ngokusemthethweni.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu kusetshenziselwa ukungena kwemitha engama-imitha ezenziwe emibuthanweni yesigqila noma emithonjeni ye-peripheral.
Ukusika izihlahla
Ngaphambi kokuba uhlabe umuthi we-apula, zichaze ngokucacile ukuthi uzosusa yini. Kumele kuqondwe ukuthi noma yikuphi ukusika kwezihlahla kusho ukuqedwa kwezigungu ezigulayo, ezindala nezifile, kanye namahlumela abonakele. Lokhu kwenziwa ekwakheni umqhele kanye nentuthuko enempilo yamasiko, futhi ngaphezu kokugwema izifo. Uhlelo lokusika ama-apple "Sun" alufani nakwezinye izitshalo zezinhlobo. Ngenyanga ka-Mashi, kumapulasheni amancane kuyadingeka ukususa ukuqina kwamagatsha, kanye nezicucu ezivuthiwe - izingxenye ezindala nezineqhwa. Ekubeni lapho kuqala isimo sezulu esibanda, amahlumela abuthakathaka futhi angakwazi ukuphoqeleka ama-hibernation asuswe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungcono ukwenza lolo hlobo uma isitshalo sisa emithini.
Izigaba ezinomphumela wamasayizi amakhulu ziphathwa nge-pitch pitch. Ukusebenza ukuqala ukufakwa kwe-disinfected.
Uyazi? Ama-anti-timer asePheresiya abuyele iphutha lama-apula angu-40, ngokusho ukuthi isifiso esizayo sizogcwaliseka uma sithathwa izithelo ezingamashumi amane, kuqala ukushaywa yilowo nalowo.
Izihlahla zama-apula asebusika
Ubusika obunzima - Lena enye yezinzuzo ezinkulu ezihlukahlukene. Kuncike ekutheni uhlela ukusilela nokumondlela, i-apula izogcina ubusika buphephile futhi buzwakala. Izihlahla ezincane ezikhula eminyakeni engaphansi kwenguhlanu ubudala zidinga usizo, njengoba izakhiwo zabo ezingabandeki zisadinga ukuphepha net. Lokhu kungenziwa ngosizo lwe-mulch kumibuthano ye-pristvolnyh. Futhi ukumelana nomkhuhlane kukhuthazwa ukwelashwa okungafani kwesitshalo nge superphosphate (30 g ngalinye 1 l amanzi).
Ukuvuna nokugcina
Uma uhlela kahle ukutshalwa kwezinhlobonhlobo ze-apula "I-Sun", kusuka ehektheleni elilodwa lokutshala likwazi ukuqoqwa ngamaphesenti angu-100 ezithelo. Izihlahla zibhekwa ngefruiting ezinzile futhi evulekile. Abanikazi abanolwazi bafunde ukulawula isisindo sama-apula, ukususa ezinye zazo, isibonelo, ukucubungula.
Ukuvuthwa kwalezi zithelo ezinhle okumnandi kuwela ekupheleni kukaSeptemba. Cabanga ukuthi zingadliwa kuphela ngenyanga. Ukuvuna kufanele kube ngokucophelela, kuqaphele izivunguvungu kanye nezithelo eziseduze.
Ensimini yokuthola impova emihle, ngakho-ke, ukuhluma kufanele kufakwe izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-apula, isibonelo - iZhigulevskoe, Northern Sinap, ipear yaseMoscow, i-Sinap Orlovsky, i-Medunitsa, i-Bely ethela, i-Silver hoof, i-Candy, i-Orlik, i-Uslada, i-Streyfling, i-Melikta, i-Gloucester , UMelba, Welsey, iMantet.Ngesikhathi sasebusika, ama-apula afihlekile emiphongolweni, efakwa emabhokisini enkuni noma amakhadibhodi angasetshenzisiwe nge-potassium permanganate. Izithelo ngayinye zifakwe ngaphambili ephepheni futhi zigcinwe ngokucophelela ukuze zigcinwe eduze komunye nomunye.
Abanye abanikazi basula ama-apples ngesiphuzo sotshwala noma se-manganese ngenhloso yokucwiliswa kwe-disinfection. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi izithelo azikwazi ukuhlala ekamelweni elifanayo namazambane. Lokhu kubangelwa izinto ezifihliwe ezidala ukuguga kwemikhiqizo yombili. Esitokisini kubalulekile ukugcina imigomo yomswakama nokushisa.
