I-borovik, okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-cep, i-mushroom evela emndenini wamabhokisi we-boletus genus. Uthanda kakhulu abaqoqi be-mushroom ngenxa yobukhulu babo, ukunambitheka nokuhogela. Ukuba khona kwamagama amaningi kufakazela uthando lwabantu nokuthandwa kwabo: i-belevik, i-wood-grouse, i-babek, i-cobbler, isivuno. I-Borovik inezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-300, phakathi kwazo kukhona kokubili okudliwayo, futhi okungenayo i-inedible, futhi ngisho nobuthi. Sizokwazisa ngezinhlobo ezingu-10 ezivame kakhulu ze-boletus mushroom, sinikeza incazelo kanye nezithombe ezizokunikeza umbono wokuthi zibukeka kanjani.
I-bronze
Lolu hlobo lwe-boletus (lat. I-Boletus aereus) lungafundwa kakhulu emahlathini aseYurophu naseYurophu aseYurophu. Indawo esetshenziselwa ngayo yihlathi elincane (i-oak, i-hornbeam, i-beech). EFrance, ubizwa ngokuthi inhloko yendoda emnyama (mhlawumbe ngenxa yesikhwama sombala we-chocolate). E-Ukraine, i-mushroom yama-oak noma i-rude. Lapho, lezi zinhlobo zisho ngisho nakuBhuku Elibomvu. Nokho, njengaseNorway, eMontenegro, eDenmark. Uma unenhlanhla, ungahlangabezana nalezi zinhlobo ezingavamile kusukela ekuqaleni kwehlobo kuze ku-Okthoba.
Uyazi? Ibhokisi elikhulu kunazo zonke namuhla litholakala ngo-1961. Walinganisa u-10 kg kanti isikhumba sakhe sasiyi-57 cm ububanzi..Uhlobo lwe-bronze lwe-boletus lunekhanda elinamaphesenti angu-5 kuya ku-20 kuya kwesigamu nesimo semijikelezo. Konke isikhumba saso sinamakhanda ngamaphunga amnyama. Umbala walo ubhedu nge-tinge eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kunombala omnyama futhi ngisho nokumnyama. Esemncane, emaphethelweni ayo aphikisiwe, eneminyaka yobudala, njengoba i-cap ithola isimo se-convex, iba cishe isisindo. Ama-tubules phansi kwe-cap ayenamhlophe, nebudala bephenduka ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka-ophuzi.
Ubude bomlenze obuyi-9-12 cm ekuqaleni bubukeka njengomgqomo, kamuva buba yi-cylindrical. Ngezinye izikhathi kuthatha isimo sezinyosi. Umbala wayo unombala omnyama, kodwa kukhanya kakhulu kune-cap.
Inyama imhlophe, umbala awushintshi uma usikwa. It has flavor kakhulu amakhowe ukunambitheka futhi ukunambitheka okukhulu. Kungenxa yalezi zimpawu ukuthi ama-gourmets abonisa ukuthi yizibonelo eziyigugu kakhulu futhi zilinganisa ukuthi ziphakeme kune "inkosi yamakhowe" - i-mushroom emhlophe. Yomile, icwecwe, ifutshiwe, ibilisiwe. 
I-Oak (inhlanziwe)
Izinhlobo ze-Oak (lat. Boletus reticulatus) zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi ihlobo. Ingatholakala emahlathini amancane, ikakhulukazi ngaphansi kwezibhakabhaka, i-lindens, i-beeches, i-chestnuts, ezindaweni zokufudumala kwezulu. Kubonakala kusenesikhathi - amakhophi wokuqala angatholakala kakade ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo. Ukuphela kwe-fruiting ngo-Okthoba.
Siphakamisa ukuthi sithole ukuthi le makhowa kusukela kuhlobo lwe-borovik ibheka kanjani incazelo yethu emfushane. Ubukhulu bekhanda bukwazi ukuhlangana kusuka ku-8 kuya ku-25 cm. Ekuqaleni likhula ngesimo sebhola, bese kuba yi-convex. Isikhumba esikhwameni sinemifantu encane eyenza iphethini elihle lemifino. Umbala we-cap surface ngokuvamile uvunguza omnyama. Ngezinye izikhathi kungase kube nezindawo ezikhanyayo. Amathambo amhlophe atholakala ngaphansi kwekhanda. Kamuva, baba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma omnqumo.
Umlenze ukhula kusuka ku-10 kuya ku-25 cm. Emabhokisini amancane afana nesimanga esesimweni, futhi kumakhowe asekhulile kufana nesilinda. Umbala wakhe unombala omncane. Ubude balo buhlanganiswe negridi elimhlophe. Ngezinye izikhathi itholakala ensundu.
Inyama i-oak emhlophe. Ngomongo wombala wayo awuguquki. It has a mushroom ekhangayo iphunga futhi ukunambitheka kancane sweet. Iphunga liba ligcwele kakhulu emakhowe omisiwe.
Izinhlobo ze-Oak zifana kakhulu nephayini. Umehluko obonakalayo phakathi kwabo kuphela ukuthi lo mkhakha uhlanganisa kuphela ingxenye engenhla yomlenze.
Amakhowe asetshenzisiwe esimweni esisha nesasolwandle. 
Funda kabanzi mayelana namakhowe adlekayo: i-aspen, amakhowe amnyama amakhowe, ama-boletus, i-russula, i-volushki, amakhowe e-satanic, ama-chanterelles, amakhowe ase-aspen, ama-podgruzdki amhlophe, amakhowe, ama-mushroom ama-mushroom, ama-mushroom amhlophe kanye noju olu-agaric.
Shisha
Ukuhlolisisa kwezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu ze-mushroom boletus siqhubeka nencazelo yezinhlobo zesifazane (lat. Boletus appendiculatus). Unamagama ambalwa: i-adnexal, i-ovary, i-brown-yellow, ifushane. Ngokwemvelo, itholakala ngokungajwayelekile. Njengomthetho, indawo yokusabalalisa kwayo inqunyelwe ezindaweni ezisezingeni lesimo sezulu esishisayo, amahlathi ahlukumezekile namaxube. Uthanda ukukhula ngaphansi kwama-oki, i-hornbeams, i-beeches, i-fir. Izithelo kusukela ekuqaleni kwehlobo kuya ekwindla zakuqala.
Ungayibona ngombala ophuzi, obomvu noma obomvu obomvu. Ezingxenyeni ezincane ziyi-circular, kamuva - i-convex. Ububanzi bufinyelela ku-7 ukuya ku-20 cm.
Umlenze u-cylindrical noma uhlobo lweklabhu kusuka ku-6 kuya ku-12 cm ubude futhi kusuka ku-2 kuya ku-3 cm ubukhulu. In borovikov encane eboshwe ngesikhumba. Ngaphakathi kwendawo iphuzi, ngezansi - obomvu obomvu.
Inyama iphuzi. Lapho ukusika kudwetshwe okwesibhakabhaka. Umzimba wezithelo unamakha futhi unambitha.
Ngokwezibonakaliso zangaphandle, i-mushroom yama-marsh ibonakala njenge-white-white. Ungakwazi ukuhlukanisa ngokuthi iqiniso lokugcina eliphethe i-cap elibomvu elibomvu, ingxenye yesiguli esingaphansi inombala omnyama, futhi iphunga liqondile, elifana ne-carbolic acid. Futhi, leli bhokisi libukeka lifana nelinye elilodwa elilodwa nelungelo elilodwa kuphela lokuthi lesi siphetho sinomzimba omhlophe. 
Mhlophe
Yeka ukuthi amakhowe amhlophe abukeka kanjani (lat. Boletus edulis) cishe ayaziwa ngisho nentsha. Ummeleli omkhulu futhi ohlwaye kakhulu wenhlobo ye-borovik, ekhula emahlathini ezinhlobonhlobo ze-deciduous, coniferous and mixed. Ufake ama-mycorrhiza ngezinye izihlahla. Kubonakala kumagagasi. I-fruiting yayo ingahlukaniswa ngezigaba eziningana. Izithelo eziningi kakhulu ngesikhathi sesigaba sesibili - maphakathi noJulayi. Ukulimala kuphela ngo-Okthoba. Ekuphekeni, isetshenziswa kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezinhlobo.
Uyazi? Ama-cep eyomile angaphezu kwama-khalori angaphezulu. I-100 g ye-freshly plucked iqukethe ama-kcal angu-34, nomkhiqizo omile - 286 kcal..Lezi zinhlobo ziyabonakala yi-cap enkulu ye-hemispherical efinyelela ku-25 cm ububanzi. Ama-specimens amakhulu kakhulu athola ama-caps angu-50. Umbala wayo uvame ukukhanya, kodwa ungaba mnyama, ube nombala obomvu - izimo zokukhula zithinta umbala wekhanda. Isikhumba sakhe sibushelelezi, sithandeka kuya ethintweni.
Le cap inamathele emlenzeni omkhulu nomlenze. Ikhula kuze kube ngu-20 cm ubude futhi ibe yi-5 cm ububanzi.
Umlenze uyisimo se-cylindrical, ukhula ngokujulile ekubhekeni kwesisekelo. Umbala wayo unombala omhlophe noma okhanyayo. I-pattern pattern ihlanganisa phezulu kwayo. Ngokuvamile imilenze eminingi ifihliwe enhlabathini.
I-pulp ekuphukeni noma ekusikayo ayishintshi umbala, futhi sonke isikhathi sihlala simhlophe. Ihlaba iphutha futhi inambitheka ekhangayo nge-flavor nutty.
Amanye ama-boletus awavamile ukudideka ngezinhlobo ezimhlophe. Isibonelo, i-oak ejwayelekile kanye ne-boletus yellow ifana nokubonakala kwayo.
I-fungus emhlophe ihlonishwa ngemithi yokwelapha. Emithi yokwelapha, izindlela ezisuselwa kuzo zisetshenziselwa ukuphulukisa ama-frostbite, nge-angina, isifo sofuba, njengokuvimbela ukwakhiwa komdlavuza nokuqinisa isimiso somzimba.
Kubalulekile! Ngaphansi kwegungulu elimhlophe eligqamile, elinomunyu obabayo futhi olungenakulungiswa. Ungabahlukanisa nge-cap: emhlophe, ingxenye yayo engezansi imhlophe, imbovu, iphuzi, futhi enkongweni ineminwe emnyama. Uma uphula inyama, khona-ke emangcwabeni emhlophe imhlophe, futhi enkongweni - ene-pink tinge. Emlenzeni wesimanje kukhona iphethini elimnyama.
Birch
I-birch boletus (lat. UBoletus betulicola) ibizwa igama layo ngenxa yokuthi idala i-mycorhiza nge-birch tree. Uvame ukuhlangana nabaqoqi be-mushroom eRussia naseNtshonalanga Yurophu. Ikhula emaphethelweni nasemigwaqweni emigwaqweni. Kungakhula imindeni futhi yedwa. Izithelo kusukela ekuqaleni kwehlobo kuya ekwindla.
Ezingxenyeni ezincane, ama-caps anesimo somcamelo. Kubantu abadala, kuluhlaza. Ubukhulu bayo bungaba ngu-5 kuya ku-15 cm ububanzi. Umbala walo ulula: kusuka kumhlophe-ocher kuze kuphuzi. Mhlawumbe cishe mhlophe. Ingaphezulu yekhanda ibushelelezi, ngezinye izikhathi ibomvu. Ingxenye yayo ephansi ye-tubular ihlanzekile emifanekisweni encane; kamuva, njengoba ikhula, ithola umthunzi ophuzi ophuzi.
Umlenze ungaba nobude obuvela ku-5 kuya ku-12 cm. Ukuma kufana ne-keg - evuliwe kusuka phansi, ihlulwe kuze kube phezulu. Umbala ubomhlophe ngendwangu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Endaweni engenhla ihlanganiswe nemifino emhlophe.
Inyama imhlophe, ngemva kokuphuka ihlala ingumbala ofanayo. Okumnandi, ngokunambitheka okuncane. 
Ukuhamba
I-boletus ye-Burrough (lat. IBroletus barrowsii) idala i-mycorrhiza nge-conifers futhi ihlala ngaphezulu emahlathini eNyakatho Melika. Ngokuvamile likhula ngokungahleliwe, ngamaqembu amancane noma amakhulu kulo lonke ihlobo lehlobo.
Inesikhumba esinamafutha ngobukhulu obuvela ku-7 kuya ku-25 cm ububanzi. Ezingxenyeni ezincane ziyindilinga, ezindala ziyizicabha. Umbala walo ungahluka - umhlophe, ophuzi, ompunga. Uhlaka oluphansi lwe-tubular lumhlophe, lukhanya kancane njengoba lukhula futhi luzuza uhlamvu oluphuzi noma oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Umlenze uphezulu kakhulu, ukhula ngokuphakama ngo-10-25 cm, ngobubanzi ngo-2-4 cm. Ubumhlophe ngombala. Ukuma kwe-club enjenge-club. Ubude bomlenze wonke buhlotshiswe ngesikhumba esimhlophe.
I-pulp ye-cowberry ye-Burrough iyinyene. It has a rich mushroom iphunga. Iyakuthandeka kakhulu. Umbala walo ngisho nalapho ukusika noma ukuqubuka kuhlala umhlophe.
Inani lokudla okunomsoco laleli amakhowe liphansi kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa, isibonelo, ngokubukeka okumhlophe - kubalwe kwisigaba sesibili. It is subject to drying, abilayo, ukuthosa, pickling. Ngokuvamile lisetshenziselwa ukupheka isobho, amasoso, izitsha zangasese. 
Okuphuzi
I-boletus ephuzi (i-lat. I-Boletus junquilleus) ikhula emahlathini ama-oak nama-beech eNtshonalanga Yurophu nakwezinye izindawo zaseRussia. Uhluma kusukela ephakathi kwehlobo kuze kuphakathi kwekwindla.
Ijaji lakhe alilona likhulu njengelinye lamalungu enhlobo ye-borovik - ikhula kusuka ku-4 kuya ku-16 cm. Kuyinto engavamile ukubona ama-specimens nge-cap-20 cm. Njengalo lonke i-borovik, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lishintsha ukuma kwalo - okokuqala liyi-convex, bese liphenduka kancane libe yindlu eyodwa. Njengoba igama lisho, limibala eliphuzi. Ingaphezulu yekhanda ivame ukushelela, kodwa ingase ibonwe. Ingxenye engezansi, lapho izilimo eziyizigaxa zitholakala khona, nazo ziphuzi. Uma ucindezela, amashubhu azophendulela okwesibhakabhaka.
Ubude bomlenze obude - 4-12 cm, i-tuberiform. Udwezwe ophuzi. Ngokungafani ne-borovikov eningi, ayihlanganiswa negridi. Ngezinye izikhathi kunezilinganiso noma okusanhlamvu okubomvu.
Ukuzihlanganisa okunamandla kakhulu. Akucishe kungabi iphunga. Umbala uphuzi. Uma uthinta izinguquko zombala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
I-boletus ephuzi ibhalwa esigabeni sesibili samakhowe avunyelwe ukusetshenziswa. Ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko okutholakala ku-fresh, okufakwe emathinini futhi okumile.
Funda ukuthi ungakhula kanjani amakhowe ekhaya kanye nezinzuzo zawo kanye nokulimaza umzimba.
I-Royal
Isifunda esikhulayo seNkosi Borovik (lat. Boletus regius) sinqunyelwe eRussia. Ikhula emahlathini ahlotshisiwe, ikakhulukazi e-beech, emhlabathini we-calcareous and sandy. Izithelo kusukela ekuqaleni kwehlobo kuya ekwindla zakuqala.
I-mushroom iyakhanga kakhulu ngokubukeka. Inombhobho obomvu, obomvu noma obomvu obomvu, obomvu owububanzi obuyi-6-15 cm. Ubuso bawo bubushelelezi, ngezinye izikhathi bugcwele izinsalela ezimhlophe. Emakhowe amancane, i-convex, bese iphenduka ngokushelela ibe yindawo yokugqoka kanye nesicaba. Abamele abadala balezi zinhlobo banezinyosi phakathi kwesikhala. Izibhebhe ezingxenyeni ezingezansi ze-tints eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma ephuzi.
Umlenze ukhula ufike ku-15 cm ukuphakama. Ubuningi bungaba ngu-6 cm. Udwezwe ngombala ophuzi obomvu. Ingxenyeni engenhla ihlanganiswe umshini ophuzi.
Inyama ye-king boletus iphuzi. Uma uyayinquma, iphenduka i-blue. Unomnandi omuhle futhi unambitha. Ukuvumelana kuyaqina.
Le mbono ibalulekile. Ekuphekeni, lisetshenziselwa okusha futhi ekheniwe. 
Porosporic
I-Porospore borovik (lat. I-Boletus porosporus) ivame ukubizwa nangokuthi i-Moth genus. Indawo yakhe eyintandokazi ihlathi elixubile futhi elixubekile. Lapho bavela kusukela ekuqaleni kwehlobo kuya ekuqaleni kwekwindla.
Isikhumba sakhe sikhula sibe ngu-8 cm ububanzi. Ibukeka kufana nomsila noma i-hemisphere. Ubuso bayo bugcwele imicu emhlophe. Umbala wayo unomnyama noma u-grey-brown. Ngezansi kuphuzi ocebile. Uma ucindezela ama-tubes aphendukile okwesibhakabhaka.
Ubude bomlenze obude, obunga-grey-brown. Esigabeni sinombala ocebile kakhulu.
Inyama ye-porospore emhlophe. Ngokusho kwesakhiwo, kunomzimba. Okuhlwabusayo, ngephunga elimnandi. Emithonjeni eminingana, leli khowa lihlukaniswa njengokudla okungokomzimba.
Kubalulekile! Phakathi kwe-borovik kunezidakamizwa ezingenakudliwa, ezingenakulinganiswa futhi ezinobuthi - isibonelo, impisi ye-boletus, enhle-ezinyawo, ezigxilile, i-Le Gal, enhle, enombala obomvu, ophuzi obomvu, njll. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuba unake umbala we-fungus ngephutha. Ngokujwayelekile inyama engenakutholakala iba pink, bluish.
Vechtner
I-fechtner borovik (i-Boletus fechtneri) ikhula eRussia, eMpumalanga Ekude naseCaucasus. Ingatholakala emahlathini enhlobo ye-broadleaf kusukela ekuqaleni kwehlobo kuze kube sekuqaleni kokuwa.
Inesayizi yekhanda ye-hemispherical kusuka ku-5 kuya ku-15 cm ububanzi. Ubuso bayo buyi-silvery-white. Uhlaka oluphansi lwe-tubular luphuzi. Isikhumba sibhebhezela, futhi ezinsukwini zemvula kuba yinkimbinkimbi.
Umlenze kulezi zinhlobo yi-tuberiform. Ukuphakama kwalo kufinyelela ku-4-16 cm, ububanzi - u-2-6 cm. Ngokuvame ukumbozwa ngephethini lezintambo, kodwa kungenzeka.
I-pulp yalesi sikhwama kunesimiso futhi sinwebeka. Okungenasiphelo. Umdwebo omhlophe. Uma ukuqhekeka kuba ne-bluish tint.
Ngokunambitheka, leli bhokisi liyingxenye yesithathu. Iqedile, ifakwe usawoti, icwecwe. 
Funda ukuthi ungalungisa kanjani amakhowe ama porcini ebusika.Manje unomqondo wokuthi yiyiphi i-boletus, yiziphi izinhlobo zazo ezivame kakhulu futhi zihlonishwa phakathi kwabalandeli "bokuzingela okuthulile". Ubukhulu obuhle kakhulu, ukunambitheka okuhle kakhulu, okukhula ngamaqembu - lolu luhlu olungaphelele lwezinzuzo zaleli mushroom. Ihlanganiswe emikhakheni yokuqala neyesibili yenani lokudla okunomsoco futhi ithola uhlelo lokusebenza ngezinhlobo ezahlukene nezitsha. Ezinye izinhlobo nazo zinezinto zokuphulukisa.
