Abalimi abaningi banesithakazelo ezitshalweni ezenza kube khona ukuvuna ngaphambi kokujwayelekile. Akukhathaleki uma ukhula utamatisi, ukhukhamba noma iminye imifino - isikhathi sokuqala sokuvuthwa noma isikhathi esiphezulu kuyoba yisiphikisana esinamandla ngokuqondene nomunye noma okunye okuhlukahlukene.
Kulesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngama-ukhukhamba owodwa okuthakazelisayo, okuvumela ukuba uvune isivuno sokuqala ngesikhathi esifushane.
Ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobonhlobo ze "Crispin F1", kanye nalokho okudingayo ukwazi mayelana nezinambuzane zokulima kwazo emhlabathini ovulekile nasezikhungweni zokugcina zokugcina.
Incazelo ye-hybrid
Lapho echaza noma yikuphi isiko, indima ebalulekile idlalwe hhayi kuphela izici zesithelo, kodwa futhi nezici zesitshalo ngokwazo, lapho lezi zithelo zivela khona, ngakho-ke sikhuthaza ukulalela zonke izingxenye ze-Crispin F1 ikhukhamba.
Izihlahla
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zimelelwa izitshalo ezikhulile ube nemivimbo engu-medium medium kanye nesistimu yezimpande ezithuthukile kahle. Kumelwe kuthiwa yizimpande eziqinile ezinikezela lesi sitshalo nazo zonke izakhi ezidinga, ikakhulukazi umswakama, okungekho emhlabathini okungenakwanela.
Amacwecwe ama-leaf kumakhukhamba awawona mkhulu, nakuba kulula ukubona ukunambitheka okuncane. Umbala wamaqabunga uncike ekutheni ukukhanya nokushisa okuza kubo: okungaphezulu kwabo, abamnyama umbala uzoba. Cishe imifino engu-3-5 yenziwa esikhwameni ngasinye sehlathi.
Lapho ukhetha izinhlobo zokulima, funda izici zamakhukhamba Taganay, Palchik, Masha f1, uMncintiswano, Zozulya, isiJalimane, isibindi.
Izithelo
Ngokukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwezithombo ezihlahleni zakhiwa ubukhulu obufanayo izithelo ziyi-10-12 cm ubude futhi ububanzi buyi-4 cm. Ubuningi bekhukhamba eyodwa ngokufinyelela kufika ku-100-120 g. Banobunjwa be-cylindrical futhi kune-influx encane engxenyeni engenhla. Ngokuqondene nomthunzi, ungashintsha kusuka eluhlaza ube luhlaza okomnyama, futhi ngokuvamile kokubili ukuhlukahluka kutholakala esithelweni esifanayo.
Futhi ku-Zelentsah kulula ukubona ama-specks ahlanzekile wesimo esizungezile, imivimbo elula kanye ne-pubescence ene-spikes emhlophe. Inyama yesikhukhamba kaCrispin yakha futhi iyinkimbinkimbi, ngaphandle kokufutheka. Ngezici eziningi ngenxa yalezi zimpawu, izithelo zisetshenziswa ngokubili kokubili ukulungisa ama-saladi, futhi njengengxenye eyinhloko yokuvunwa kwasebusika. Ngaphezu kwalokho, la ma ukhukhamba akhuthazelela ngokuphelele ukuhamba kwesikhathi eside, okuvumela ukuba bakhule ngenjongo yokuhweba.
Uyazi? Ukuzaliswa kwalezi zinhlobonhlobo ze-hybride kwenziwa ngabalimi abavela eHolland, futhi ngonyaka ka-2000 wangena kwiRejista Yombuso YaseRussia Federation futhi yaphakanyiswa njengezinto ezihlukahlukene ezilungele ukukhula emaqeshini asehlobo, ezindaweni zasemakhaya nasemapulazini amancane. Ukulungele ukulima cishe cishe zonke izifunda zezulu, ngoba zingatshalwa enhlabathini evulekile, nasezikhungweni zokugcina izithombo noma ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo.
Imfanelo
Esinye sezici eziyinhloko ze "Crispin" yikhono layo lokuzimela, okukwenza kube lula umsebenzi okhulayo womlimi wegadi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukumelana okuhle nezifo ezihlukahlukene, izinguquko ezimweni zesimo sezulu namaphutha okunakekela kwenza kube lula ukukhula ukhukhamba ngisho nabaqalayo kuleli bhizinisi.
Uma ufuna ukuthola isivuno esikhulu kunazo zonke, khona-ke ukuqhuma kufanele kuhlanganiswe kusekelwa. Kodwa lokhu akuyona imfuneko futhi izithelo ziyokwakhiwa ngisho nalapho zifakwa endaweni enezingqimba (ngokuvamile zivele zisakaze phansi).
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo akuzona ezincike ekushiseni okwezinye izinto njengamanye ukhukhamba, futhi ngisho nengxenye yokuqala yonyaka okhulayo ukushisa ngeke kube yingozi kuyo. Ngokwesilinganiso, ngesikwele esingu-1. M ukuqoqa cishe 6.5 kg weZelentsov.
Amandla nobuthakathaka
Izinzuzo eziyinhloko zezinhlobo ze-Crispin's ikhukhamba kufanele zibe yisikhathi esifushane sokuvuthwa, ukuphikiswa kwezifo kanye nezinye izici zangaphandle ezingalungile, izithelo eziphakeme kanye nokunye kwezithelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iphuzu elihle ekutshalweni kwesiko kungukungabikho okuphelele kwamaminithi okulima.
Izithombo ezikhulayo
Uma ukhula ukhukhamba wezinhlobonhlobo ezichazwe, ungahlwanyela imbewu ngokushesha emhlabathini ovulekile, kodwa, njengoba umkhuba ubonisa, ungafinyelela isivuno esikhulu ngokusizwa izithombo ezikhulayo. Lokhu akugcini nje kukuvumela ukuba uthole isivuno ngesikhathi sokurekhoda, kodwa futhi usindisa imbewu ngenkathi ngesikhathi esifanayo ikuvumela ukuba uvikele kangcono izitshalo ezincane ezinyathelweni zakuqala zokuthuthukiswa kwazo.
Uyazi? Amakhukhamba akhazimulisa idolobha lase-Ukraine laseNizhyn, ngoba yibo abanikeza inkantolo yonke yobukhosi ngesikhathi sokubusa kukaCatherine II kuze kube ngo-1917. Ngo-2005, amakhukhamba we-Nezhin waze wafaka isikhumbuzo.
Ukukhethwa nokulungiselela imbewu
Ezimweni eziningi, imbewu ithunyelwa emakethe noma ezitolo ezikhethekile, futhi kuhle uma usuvele unqume ngezinhlobo ezifanele kakhulu kuwe.
Yiqiniso, uma uthenga esitolo, awukwazi ukuvula iphakheji futhi uhlole okuqukethwe kwayo, okusho ukuthi uma ukhetha imbewu ye-hybridi ye-Crispin, kuzomele ulandele inqubo evamile: hlola usuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi (kuboniswe kuphakheji) futhi uhlole ukubonakala kwesikhwama, akusho kufanele iqhutshwe, imanzi, ingcolile, njll.
Kodwa-ke, ngisho noma ulawula ukuthola izinga eliphakeme kakhulu nembewu enhle, ngaphandle kokulungiselela okulungele ukulungiselela, ngeke bakwazi ukuletha umphumela oyifunayo. Abalimi abaningi bayeluleka, naphezu koqweqwe oluvikelayo olwenziwa ngumenzi, ukwenza ukwelashwa kwembewu ngaphambi kokutshala.
Ngakho-ke, ukuvula imaphaketheni yembewu ekhaya, ngokushesha ngaphambi kokutshala, kuyadingeka ukucwilisa yonke imbewu emanzini, bese ulinganisela: imizuzu engu-10-15, imbewu isongwe kwisisombululo saline (30-50 g usawoti ithathwa ngamanzi angu-1 litre) futhi ukhethe ubuthakathaka futhi ungapheli, ushiya izibonelo ezinkulu kuphela nezigcwele.
Izinto ezifanele kufanele zifudumele ngokuzifaka esikhwameni se-gauze bese uziphonsa esiteshini samanzi amahora angu-1.5-2 (ukushisa kwamanzi kufanele kube ngo-50 ... +55 ° C). Ukubulala imithi yokutshala izidakamizwa, iphathwa ngesisombululo se-potassium permanganate, isuke isisombululo se-potassium permanganate imizuzu engu-25-30. Ngemva kokuqedela le nqubo, imbewu kufanele ihlanzwe ngaphansi kwamanzi asebenzayo.
Kubalulekile! Uma ufuna ukucebisa imbewu yakho nge-microelements ewusizo, ungasebenzisa umlotha ohlanjululwe emanzini (izipuni ezimbili ngetitha elilodwa lesikhewu), lapho imbewu ifakwe amahora amathathu, bese isuswa futhi igeze ngamanzi ahlanzekile.
Ukulungiselela okwengeziwe ukuhlwanyela ukhukhamba "Crispina" inikeza inhlangano ye-substrate efaneleka kakhulu.
Ukulungiswa komhlaba
Ochwepheshe batusa ukuhlwanyela imbewu enhlabathini elula futhi enomsoco, noma ngokuqondile ezimbizeni ze-peat.
Ngenketho yokugcina, ngakho-ke konke kucacile, kodwa uma uzokhula izithombo ngezimbiza ezivamile, kufanele uzigcwalise ngenhlanganisela ye-peat, humus ne-sod ezweni ngokwesilinganiso esingu-3: 1: 1. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-ammonium nitrate, i-potassium sulfate ne-superphosphate nazo zengezwe ekubunjweni okubangelwayo.
Qinisekisa ukuthi ulandela izinkomba ze-acidity ze-substrate elungiselelwe - akufanele kudlule u-6.2-6.5 pH, futhi ukuze uhlelo lwempompo lwamakhukhamba libe nesikhala esanele sokuthuthukiswa okuvamile, ububanzi bezimbiza akufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-9 cm.
Uma uhlwanyela imbewu ngokushesha ku-greenhouse noma engadini, ukulungiswa kwesayithi kuhlinzekela ukubunjwa kwamagquma amancane kanye nemigqa ezayo ngamakhukhamba, okwenza umquba namaminerali omquba. Zizokwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo ophumelelayo. Emhlabathini ovaliwe, ukuphakama kwe-ridge kuvame ukuba ngu-15-20 cm, futhi ibanga lika 0.9-1.0 m ligcinwa phakathi kwemigqa. 
Kubalulekile! Ngokushesha emva kokuhlwanyela nangaphambi kokuvela kwamahlumela okuqala, umbuso wokushisa ekamelweni enezithombo kufanele kugcinwe ngaphakathi + 25 ° +28 ° C. Ngokushesha nje lapho amahlumela amancane ehlwitha, anciphisa emini kuya ku-18 ... +20 ° C, nasebusuku kuya ku-14 ... +15 ° C, ukuchelela ngesikhathi esifanele nokuqinisekisa umoya owanele.
Ukutshala ukhukhamba
Uma ukhula ukhukhamba we-Crispin ngendlela yokutshala, cishe cishe ngosuku lwama-25 emva kokuba izithombo zokuqala zivele, kufanele zifakwe ezindaweni ezikhulayo ezikhungweni, inhlabathi okufanele ifudumele ibe yi-+17 ° C. Yiqiniso, kungaba ngcono ukutshala endaweni yokushisa, kodwa uma unquma ukutshala izitshalo ezincane embhedeni wensimu, ke unakekele indawo yokuhlala (isibonelo, welula ifilimu noma usebenzise izinto ezikhethekile zokumboza).
Uma utshalwa, qaphela ibanga phakathi kwezitshalo ezingama-35-45 cm, ezixhomeke ngokuqondile ngobubanzi bokuhlukanisa umugqa. Ngokwesilinganiso, amamitha ayizinkulungwane eziyikhulu. Ukutshala izihlahla kufanele kubhekane nezithombo ezingaba ngu-200-250. Uma usuka kulezi zitshalo ngo-5-20 cm, ungafaka amashubhu wokugcoba amakhukhamba, okuyinto ezokwenza ukuthi amanzi asetshenziswe ngesikhathi sokuchelela futhi enze ukusetshenziswa kwamakhomikhali engeziwe kanye namalungiselelo okuzivikela (ezivela ezinambuzane nezifo) umsebenzi olula. Futhi, isayithi elisekelwe indawo yokuhlala yokuhlala ne-plantings i-mulch ifilimu. 
Ukunakekelwa kwehlumela
Ukhukhamba yizitshalo ezithandekayo, yingakho zinconywa ukuba zitshalwe kuphela ezindaweni ezikhanyisiwe, noma ngaphezulu kunomthunzi okhethekile. Lapho ukhula izithombo "Crispin F1" ekhaya lapho kubonakala khona amahlumela okuqala, kufanele idluliselwe ku-sill ekhanyayo futhi ngezikhathi ezithile uphakamise ifilimu ukuze ifake izithombo.
Uma utshale ukhukhamba ngokushesha emhlabathini ovulekile, bese wengeza futhi ukunikeza izitshalo ezivela emoyeni. Ngendima yensimbi yemvelo ingummbila ofanelekile, ohlwanyelwe zombili ukhukhamba emgqeni owodwa. Kulesi simo, uhlangothi olungeningizimu alukwazi ukuvalwa.
Ukuze amahlumela akhule futhi akhule ngendlela evamile, izinga lokushisa lokushisa emini kufanele ligcinwe ngo-+22 ° C, kodwa amaphutha amancane angenzeka kuzo zombili izinkomba. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-frosts encane ingonakalisa amahlumela angasebenzi. Yiqiniso, kulula kakhulu ukulawula inqubo yezithombo ezikhulayo ekhaya, okusho ukuthi uzothola izithombo ezinamandla futhi ezinamandla. 
Indlela yokunakekela izitshalo ezindala
Kungase kubonakale kumuntu ukuthi ngemva kokutshala izithombo zakhe ngokuphumelelayo futhi ukuwafaka endaweni ehlala njalo yokukhula, kunzima kakhulu. Kodwa isivuno esiningi futhi esiphundu samaCucumber eCrispina ikakhulukazi sincike ekunakekeleni izitshalo ngesikhathi sakhiwa ama-ovaries. Ngakho-ke, kuzosiza umlimi ngamunye ukuba afunde indlela yokusebenzisa kahle amanzi, ukutshala, nokugcina, nokuphatha izitshalo ezichazwe yizinambuzane kanye nezifo ezijwayelekile.
Ukunisela
Noma yikuphi ukuhluka kwamakhukhamba angeke akwenze ngaphandle kokuchelela okuvamile, ikakhulukazi njengoba le mifino, ngokuyinhloko, ingokwamasimu omswakama onothando abakhetha umswakama ophezulu. Ukwethulwa kobuthakathaka emhlabathini kuyisici esibalulekile sokunakekela izithombo phakathi nonyaka wonke okhulayo kanye nesikhathi sokuhluma, ngoba ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamanzi kungenzeka ukuthi ngisho noCrispina, okungeke kube khona ukufutheka, kuzoletha izithelo ezibabayo ngenxa yalokho.
Kubalulekile! Ukunisela kufanele kwenziwe kuphela ngokusetshenziswa kwamanzi afudumele, ngaphandle kwalokho izitshalo zizocindezelwa futhi zingathinteka ngokubola.
Ukuze kulondolozwe umswakama emhlabathini ozungeze amahlumela kuhlanganiswe ngendwangu yesikhumba semifino, indima yayo ehambisana kahle nezinto eziphilayo ezifana ne-wood chips kanye ne-peat. Akugcini nje ukugcina izinga lokuswakama ezingeni elifanele, kodwa futhi, ukubola, ukukhipha ukushisa okwanele nokuphakelayo i-substrate ngezici ezilandelanayo eziwusizo.Ungakhohlwa ukuthi isingeniso esivamile soketshezi ketshezi enhlabathini kubangelwa ukuhambisana kwawo, yingakho izimpande zekhukhamba zivame ukungena emoyeni. Kuhlelo lwempande zezitshalo aluzange luhlupheke ngokuntuleka kwe-oksijeni, ochwepheshe batusa ukuphuza okunye futhi kukhululeke i-substrate.
Kuphela okudingayo ukwenza inqubo akuyona indlela ejwayelekile, kodwa usebenzisa amafoloko, ahlaba umhlabathi. Ngakho awulimazi izimpande ezinomsoco zamakhukhamba futhi uhlele ukugeleza okwanele komoya ohlelweni lwempande.
Umanyolo
Izinhlobonhlobo "i-Crispina" inezinhlangothi ezinkulu ezingaphezulu nangaphansi komhlaba, ngakho-ke kunengqondo ukucabanga ukuthi ukhukhamba awukwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kokondla okwanele. Izimpande zesitshalo ziphendula kahle uma kungeniswa ukufaka umquba ngokufaka umanyolo ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lwendawo, kodwa ngisho noma ungenalo, awusabi, ungahlala usichitha ingxube ekhethiwe bese uphelela ngaphansi kwezihlahla. 
Ngemuva kwezinambuzane eziningana zezithelo, zonke izitshalo zivuthwa ngamakhemikhali e-nitrogen-potassium, indima ehambisana kahle nemikhiqizo ephilayo (isibonelo, isisombululo somquba noma umquba wezinkukhu) noma ukuhlanganiswa kwamaminerali, isibonelo, i-calcium nitrate ne-potassium sulfate noma i-potassium nitrate.
Kubalulekile! Uma usebenzisa izakhi zamaminerali enhlabathini evaliwe, umuntu akufanele akhohlwe ngesidingo sokwethula i-nitrogen kwifomu ye-nitrate, futhi uma usebenzisa i-ammonium akufanele kudlule i-20% yenani eliphelele le-nitrogen elifakwe efomini ye-mineral. Ukondla kwenziwa njalo njalo izikhathi ezingu-10.-14 izinsuku.
Masking
Uma ukhulile ezimweni zokushisa, ikhukhamba lezitshalo ezihlukahlukene kwesinye isiqu esinama-sidesons side. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, emaqenjini okuqala e-4-5 amaqabunga e-stem oyinhloko, kubalulekile ukwenza i-glare - zonke izingane zokutholwa kanye nama-ovari ziyasuswa. Ezingeni ezine ezilandelayo ezingu-3-4, udinga ukushiya i-ovary eyodwa kuphela futhi ususe ngokuphelele izinyathelo. Ngakho-ke, isitshalo ngasinye sizokwazi ukubeka isisindo phezu kwezakhi eziphezulu bese uletha isivuno esiningi kakhulu.
Emagqumeni angu-4-5 atholakala ngaphezulu, wonke ama-ovari asetshenzisiwe asele, kanti izingane zokutholwa zithokozela ngemuva kweqabunga lokuqala. Khona-ke, ukuthutha isiqu, bahloswe ngemuva kweqabunga lamashumi amathathu, ngokucabangela ukuqina kwe-plantings. Ngokushesha lapho i-stem eyinhloko ifinyelela i-trellis efakwe ngokugcwele, kufanele ihlanganiswe ngokucophelela futhi igwetshwe phansi, iphinde icindezelwe kude no-1-1.5 m ukusuka ezingeni lomhlabathi.
Njengoba lesi sitshalo sikhula, noma, ngokunembile, izitshalo eziye zaphuza, zikhushulwa ukutshala, kumele zisuswe ngezikhathi ezithile, okuzokwenza ngcono ukushintshaniswa kwe-air ku-greenhouse futhi kusize ukuvikela ukhukhamba kusukela ekuthuthukiseni izifo ezihambisana nokuqhuma kwe-air.
Uyazi? Umlawuli odumile waseFrance u-Napoleon Bonaparte wayewuthanda ukhukhamba kangangokuthi waze wathembisa umvuzo ngendlela elingana nama-dollar ayizinkulungwane ezingu-250 kunoma ngubani owayezocabanga ngendlela yokuzigcina isikhathi eside ngesikhathi sokugijima. Kuyiqiniso, le mali ayikwazanga ukuthola noma ubani.
Ukuvikeleka ngokumelene nezifo nezinambuzane
Njengezinye izinhlobo eziningi zekhukhamba, izitshalo ze-Crispin F1 zivame ukubola ngenxa yokubola (izimpande noma izimpande). Ngokuyinhloko, lezi zifo zihlupha izithombo ezincane endaweni yesithombo, ngakho-ke, ochwepheshe bayelulekisa ukwelashwa ngezilungiselelo zesistimu. 
Ngemuva kokuba izithombo zithuthelwe emhlabathini ovulekile, ukusekelwa kwabo ngosizo lwamakhemikhali amakhemikhali kuyaqhubeka. Ukuze kuhlinzeke izitshalo ngokuvikelwa okuphezulu, ukwelashwa kwenziwa ngaphambi kokwakheka kwesithelo, ngokujwayelekile kwezinsuku ezingu-8-14, okuhambisana nesimo sezulu. Uma kunesidingo sokuphalaza okwanele ngesikhathi sokuhluma, wonke ukhukhamba ovuthiwe kufanele aqale ukuvuna futhi asetshenziswe futhi. Qalisa ukuqoqa izithelo ngeke kube ngaphambi kwezinsuku ezintathu.
Ukuze uphulukise ukhukhamba eziguleni futhi ulahle indawo yokhula, kutuswa ukuba ufake amafomu okubhalisiwe esifundeni esithile. Ochwepheshe emkhakheni wemikhiqizo yokuvikela izitshalo uzokunikeza ulwazi oluningiliziwe ngomuthi othize futhi kukusize uthole isilinganiso esiphumelele kakhulu.
Izindlela zanamuhla zokuvikela amakhukhamba ekuhlaselweni kwezinambuzane ziyizinto eziphilayo. Isibonelo, ukususa izibungu ezihlala emaqabeni esitshalo ezivela emasimini kaCrispin, amaqabunga e-soybean kufanele asakaze nxazonke nge phytoseiulus ekhona kuwo. 
Ukusiza nge-whitefly ugwayi kuzosiza ngendlu ye-Enkarzia umgibeli, futhi i-aphidius umgibeli noma ama-ladybugs asebenza kahle ekulwa nama-aphid. Konke lokhu kungatholakala kalula kuma laboratories eziphilayo ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo.
Njengoba ubona, ukulima kwamakhukhamba eCrispin ngeke kuthathe amandla amaningi kuwe, ngoba ukutshala nokuzinakekela akufani neze nezenzo ezifanayo uma uhlakulela noma yiziphi ezinye izinhlobo. Okusho ukuthi, uma wenza umzamo omncane, uzothola izithelo ezihlwabusayo neziphunga etafuleni.
