Ukukhiqiza ukukhiqiza

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko nezinhlobonhlobo zomuthi wephayini

I-Pine ngummeleli ohlala njalo onogwaja womndeni wasePine, ogcina iminyaka engu-100 kuya ku-600 futhi ufike ngamamitha angu-35-75 ukuphakama. Akesabi ukanda, iqhwa, umoya, isomiso. Isihlahla sithanda ukukhanya kwelanga futhi sithinteka kakhulu ekungcola emoyeni, futhi ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo zokuphulukisa isetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni imithi. Kunezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezinhlobonhlobo nezinhlobo zephayini. Zonke izinhlobo ezikhona zezinhlayiyana zivame ukuhlukaniswa ngokulandela isici esiyinhloko senkcazelo - inani lezinaliti zensimbi:

  • iqembu lama-conifers amabili (i-pin, i-maritime kanye nefana);
  • ezintathu-coniferous (njenge-Bunge);
  • amahlanu-coniferous (i-Weymutov, isiSiberia, isiJapane nabanye, sinesakhiwo esifanayo se-coniferous beam).
Izwe lwazi izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-100 ze-pine.

Okuvamile

I-Pine (lat. Pinus sylvestris) yizinhlobo ezivamile ezikhula emazingeni ase-Asia naseYurophu. Izihlahla ezide kunazo zonke zalezi zinhlobo zitholakala eduze kweBaltic Sea (eningizimu yegwini). Zifinyelela ku-40-50 m ukuphakama. Isiqu esifanele sihlanganisa amagxolo enombala obomvu obunamandla obukhulu, obhekene nokusikeka. Ingqimba engenhla ye-trunk namagatsha yincwaba encane enombala obomvu-orange, ojwayele ukuqhuma.

Uyazi? Isihlahla sephayini sinemikhiqizo enamandla ye-antiseptic. Ama-microbes kuphela angu-500 ayenzela i-1 cu. m emoyeni ehlathini, kuyilapho edolobheni elikhulu - 36,000.
Izinaliti ezinamapulangwe, ubude bawo buyi-8 cm, izihlahla zalezi zinhlobo zinemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka futhi zibhekene nokuqina. Isebenza njengomhlobiso weminyaka engu-2-7. Ama-cones angu-7-cm we-elongated-ovoid shape agcwele imbewu emnyama neyimpunga.

Ngesikhathi esemncane, lo muthi uhlukaniswa umqhele owenziwe nge-cone, owandisa futhi ujikeleze isikhathi. Isikhathi sokuqhakaza siseMeyi-Juni. Lezi zinhlobo zinezinga elibanzi kakhulu (i-Globosa Viridis, i-Repanda, njll) futhi idume ngamandla ayo kanye nezinga eliphakeme le-resinous.

Intaba

I-pin pine (lat. Pinus mugo) ihlala eningizimu ne-Europe. Isihlahla sinomqhele ofana ne-pin noma owezinambuzane eziningi, ohlangothini olulodwa olukhulayo, kanye nezinaliti ezigobile ezinemibala eluhlaza.

Qondanisa nalabo abamele umndeni wamaPine njengemisedari yaseSiberia, i-Weymouth pine, i-balsam fir, i-spruce yaseSerbia, iFrancis fir, i-mountain pine, ne-pin.
Izinkuni zomhlali wezintaba ziyizinto zokukhiqiza eziluhlaza okwakhiwa kwemikhiqizo kanye nemikhiqizo ephendukile, i-resin yinto yokwenza izimonyo kanye namalungiselelo wezokwelapha. Lezi zinhlobo zidumile ngezinhlobo zayo eziningi ezihloswe ukuhlobisa izimbali (Mugus, Carstens, Pug, Hesse, njll).

IsiSiberia

Ipayini yaseSiberia, noma umsedari waseSiberia (lat. Pinus sibirica), uhlala e-taiga eMpumalanga naseNtshonalanga yeSiberia. Ukuphakama okujwayelekile kwabameleli bezinhlobo ku-20-25 m, kepha kunezihlahla ezingama-40.

Anamagatsha aminyene nomqhele we-multi-conical wezinaliti eziluhlaza obumnyama (14 cm ubude).

Umgqomo unemibala enombala obomvu. Ama-beauty cones aseSiberia afihla amantambo emisedari (imbewu) ngaphansi kwezilinganiso zawo.

Umnyama

I-Austrian black pine (lat. Pinus nigra) imelela isithunzi-esinjengesiqhwa esivela eNyakatho yeMedithera, okuphakama kwayo kufinyelela ku-20-55 m. Izihlahla ezincane zibhekene nokutholakala komqhele onama-cone, kodwa abantu abadala banesambulela-like.

Ubumnyama obumnyama obunezinyosi ezimpunga ezibunjiwe ezinobunzima nokukhanya, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukuthungatha. Lezi zinhlobo zidume ngamagxolo alo amnyama agcwele imisele ejulile.

Incazelo yesithombe nesithombe akudlulisi konke ubuhle nobukhulu be-pin pine. Izimboni ezinobuningi nezinaliti eziqondile zihlanganisa ngaphezu kwanoma yikuphi ukuklama kwensimu. I-Pierik Bregon, i-Piramidalis, i-Austriaca, i-Bambino iphakathi kwezinhlobo ezidumile kakhulu zezinhlobo zezilwane.

I-Balkan (i-Rumelian)

I-Balkan Pine (lat. Pinus kancane) - ohlala ezindaweni ezintaba eNhlonhlweni yaseBalkan. Izinhlobo ezikhulayo ezikhulayo ezikhulayo ezitholakalayo ezizungezile ezimweni zokuhlala. Imithi ikhula ibe ukuphakama kwamamitha angu-20. Abamele iRumelian benza amahlathi ezinhlobo ezihlanzekile noma ezixutshwe ku-700-2300 m ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle.

Umuthi ubhekwe izinaliti eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka sabantu abathandekayo, okwenzela umqhele oqoshiwe. Ngesikhathi sokuqala, azikho izinhlayiya ezibomvu ezine-gray tinge zesikhwama somuthi, kodwa unyaka ngamunye uba ngumbala we-lamellar futhi uguqule umbala obomvu obomvu.

Himalayan

I-Himalayan pine, noma u-Walliha (lat. Pinus wallichiana), uhlala emathafeni ase-Annapurna (eNingizimu), e-Himalayas, ephakathi kuka-1.8-3.76 km ngaphezu kolwandle. Lesihlahla esihlobisa sikhula 30-50 m phezulu.

Umuthi ubhekene nokuba khona komqhele we-pyramid owuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka-oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nama-cones amade. Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-Himalayan: Densa Hill, Nana, Glauca, Vernisson, Zebrina.

Weymouth

I-Pine Weymouth, noma i-Eastern White (lat. Pinus strobus), ivame kakhulu engxenyeni esenyakatho-mpumalanga yeNyakatho Melika naseningizimu-mpumalanga yeCanada. Umuthi usondelene kakhulu nomngcele omuhle ngenxa yesiqu saso esinqunyiwe nesilinganiso semitha engama-67. Ububanzi bayo bube kusuka ku-1.3 kuya ku-1.8 m.

Kubalulekile! I-Pine Weymutov iqala ukuqhakaza kuphela eneminyaka engu-10.
Umqhele walezi zinhlobo ze-pine useneminyaka eyishumi ubudala ubonakala ngokuba nesimo somzimba ohlangene kanye nezinaliti eziqondile ezilinganiselwa ku-10 cm ubude. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ithola isimo esingavamile. Amagxolo ahlukile ku-tint eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Lolu hlobo luthola ukusetshenziswa kwalo ekwakheni. Izinhlobo ezifana ne-Aurea, i-Blue Shag, i-Вrevifolia, iSontorta, i-Densa zithandwa kakhulu.

U-Virginia

I-Virginia pine (lat. Pinus virginiana) isakhamuzi esakhula ngokushesha esendaweni esempumalanga yeNyakatho Melika. Ukuphakama kwalo kuvela ku-10 ukuya ku-18 m. Umqhele awuhambisani nhlobo. Amagxolo anesihluthulelo esinama-scaly ane-gray-brown color, okuyinto ithola uboya obomvu phezulu esihlahleni.

Umuthi ubhekene nokuba khona kwezinaliti ezinzima eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kanye nama-cones afana namaqanda. Amaqabunga aphuzi abomvu angaba omile noma agcoke ngokuphelele nge-resin. Amaphini e-Virgin akhetha izindawo ezinomsoco nezelanga, ukushisa okuningi nomhlabathi ovundile.

Kubalulekile! Indawo enkulu yasemadolobheni ayifanele ukutshala izihlahla zephayini ngenxa yomoya ocolile kakhulu.
Ngokuvamile lokhu kubonakala kusetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa izitshalo nezindawo zokupaka. Kuhamba kahle nezinye izihlahla (i-oki, i-maple nabanye).

Umsedari waseKorea

Isi-Korean pine pine (lat. Pinus koraiensis), esibizwa ngokuthi umsedari waseKorea, sinomthelela omkhulu kwezinye izinhlobo - ukulula. Ukuphakama kwalo akudluli umzila wamamitha angu-40.

Kuzokusiza ukuba ufunde ngezinambuzane zezihlahla ze-coniferous, ikakhulukazi ngezindlela zokulwa nezimbungu.
Njengoba ububanzi bayo, umqhele okhohliwe ufana kancane nezinhlobo zaseSiberia, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo uhlukile ekuvulekeni.

Izinaliti ezihlaza-aluhlaza zamagatsha zifinyelela ku-20 cm ubude. Umuthi ubhekene nokuba khona kwama-cones ahlangene nezikali ezigobile emaphethelweni. Lokhu kungenye yezinhlobo zephayini ezingasinda edolobheni. Izinhlobo ezidumile zihlanganisa Variegata, Glauka, Vinton.

Cedar elfin

I-Pine stanica, noma i-cedar elfin pine (lat. I-Pinus pumila), iyinhlobo evamile ensimini kusukela ePrmorsk kuya eKamchatka naseNyakatho. Izihlahla ze-bushy zikhula kuphela kufika ku-4-5 m. Crohn impela i-razlohay futhi ingahluka ngendlela yezinhlobo ngayinye: umuthi, inyamazane noma isitsha.

Izinaliti ze-cedar elfin izinkuni zinemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Izigaxa ze-pin ne-ovoid-elongated shape azizona izithelo ezinkulu. Imbewu inikezwa ngendlela yama nati. Uhlobo oluhlukile lwe-cedar elfin lukhulu kakhulu: I-Blue Dwarf, i-Globe, i-Jeddeloh, uNana nabanye.

Dahlia

Iphayinsi ye-pin-flowered, noma i-Japanese red (lat. Pinus densiflora), inqunyelwe kumamitha angu-30 ukuphakama. Isihlahla sivame kakhulu endaweni yasemadwaleni (isibonelo, amathafa aseChina, eJapane naseKorea).

Ukuvuthwa kwesiqu - isici saso. Amaqabunga amagatsha amancane omuthi anesicu esibomvu, ama-old anemfucumfucu engavamile. U-Crohn uhlukile kakhulu. Kuyinto i-razlagaya ngempela futhi ihlanganiswe.

Kuphekwe

I-pine yocwebe (lat. Pinus uncinata) ikhule kuphela ekuhlobiseni imihlaba. Izinaliti zakhe - ikhophi encishisiwe yezinaliti ze-Scots pine. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ubukhulu be-bumps budlula ubukhulu bezinaliti.

Njengomthetho, izihlahla zalezi zinhlobo zitshalwe emaqenjini noma ezinhlotsheni, kepha ukuhluka okukodwa nakho akuvamile.

I-Crimea

I-pineine yasePrimea, noma i-Palassa (lat. Pinus pallasiana), ingenye yezinhlobo ezide (ezingaba ngu-45 m ukuphakama) ezihlala endaweni yaseCrimea naseCaucasus. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lihlelwe eNcwadini Ebomvu, kunezikhathi eziningi zokusebenzisa lesi sihlahla njengezinto zokwakha.

Umhlali waseCrimea ungowokuhlala emasimini ahlala isikhathi eside, ngoba uhlale enamandla iminyaka engaba ngu-600.

Uyazi? Umuthi omdala kakhulu emhlabeni wonke uMethusela. Uneminyaka engaba ngu-4845 ubudala. Indawo ahlala kuyo yiCalifornia National Reserve.
Ama-pyramid (ubudala bokuqala) kanye namafomu omqhele okwenziwe ngesambulela (ubudala), izinaliti eziyi-12-cm ubude obukhanyayo futhi ukhanyisa izigaxa ze-oblong ziwuphawu lomuthi. Phezulu kwesiqu somthunzi omnyama obumnyama uhlanganiswe nemifula ejulile.

Abamele bezinhlobo zeCrimea nabo banezindawo zokuhlobisa.

Sosnowski

UPine Sosnowski (lat. Pinus sosnowskyi) ukhula ezintabeni zaseCrimea, eCaucasus, Iran naseTurkey. Ungumnikazi wama-cones anezikali ezigxotshiwe.

Izinaliti zomuthi walezi zinhlobo ziyahlukahluka kwabanye embala wazo obala obala. I-Sosnovsky Pine ingokwezikhathi ezibusika-eziqinile.

I-Pine njengenhlobo yesinhlobo inezinhlobo eziningi, okunye okubhekene nakho nokuphulukisa kanye nezakhiwo zokuphikisa. Akuthandwa nje kuphela phakathi kwabakhiqizi bemithi, kodwa futhi nabakhi bemvelo, ngisho nezinkampani zokwakha (ikakhulukazi ngenxa yenani lazo njengezinto zokwakha). Noma kunjalo, lesi sihlahla singakujabulisa iso iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-12.