I-Gloxinia iyisitshalo se-tuberous esinezimbali ezinemibala emihle, amaqabunga e-velvet kanye nesigamu esifushane, esilungu lomndeni wakwaGesneriyev. Endaweni yayo yemvelo, itholakala emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo zasePeru naseBrazil.
I-Gloxinia ayithobekile, kodwa ukuze ikhule futhi ikhule ngendlela evamile ekhaya, umlimi kumele enze imizamo ethile.
Amaphutha okunakekela okuyisisekelo
I-gloxinia ekhulayo ayibangeli noma yikuphi ukuhlukumeza kokubili abakhiqizi bezitshalo abanokuhlangenwe nakho kanye nabasemuva, kodwa kuphela uma imithetho eyisisekelo yokunakekela igcwaliseka. Ukuze lesi sitshalo sijabule ngezimbali zalo eziphangayo, kufanele sithole inani elanele lokukhanya, umswakama nokudla. Amaphutha amakhulu angase angambulali, kodwa kuthinta kakhulu izinga lezimpawu zezimbali nezibukwayo.
Kungani ushiya i-Gloxinia curl
Uma unesithakazelo embuzweni wokuthi kungani i-gloxinia iqalile ukugoqa amaqabunga ngaphakathi, impendulo yalo mbuzo ilula kunalokho ucabanga. Amaqabunga e-Gloxinia aphephelwa uma umoya ekamelweni lome kakhulu noma lihlushwa. Futhi, abalimi bezitshalo ngezinye izikhathi bangabhekana neqiniso lokuthi ngesizathu esithile, amaqabunga aqala ukumile e-Gloxinia.
Isizathu salezi zinkathazo sisekungabikho kokuswakama emoyeni namazinga okushisa aphakeme kakhulu. Lesi sitshalo sizikhululekile kuphela ezimweni zomswakama ophezulu kanye nokushisa okufanelekile, ngakho-ke ukugcinwa kwazo kubalulekile kuye. Ngezinye izikhathi inkinga ingaxazululwa uma ukondla izitshalo ngamanyolo we-potash-phosphate. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaqabunga e-Gloxinia curl, uma ehlala isikhalazane.
Ukungabi nalutho ngokweqile kokugqoka
Ukungabi namanyolo - inkinga enkulu ye-gloxinia okuyinto ekhula ngokwemvelo ngezizathu ezinezakhi. Ukuntuleka kwe-calcium kubangela ukuthi wonke amaqabunga ayo amancane esitshalo alahlekelwa umbala wawo futhi angakwazi ukuguquka futhi aphele. Ukugqitheka kwalesi sici kubonakala ngokubonakala kwamabala okukhanya okungaqabulanga, okungahlambuluki emaceleni noma ama-chlorosis angaphakathi.
Uyazi? Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi yomoya wangaphakathi, ososayensi bacebisa ukufaka izihlahla eziningana ze-gloxinia ekamelweni, ngoba lesi sitshalo siphuthuma ngokukhiqiza umoya-mpilo, okuvimbela ukubonakala kwezimpawu ezingajabulisi zenkinga yomoya-mpilo.
Ukuthi lesi sitshalo sihlushwa ukulahlekelwa kwe-phosphorus, uzotshela umbala ohlaza ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka omnyama okhanyayo oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kanye nokubonakala kwezindawo ezimnyama noma ezibomvu. Izinguquko ezincane zokuqala zibhekwa kuqala emaqabungeni aphansi, kodwa kancane kancane isitshalo sonke sihilelekile kule nqubo.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwehlathi kuyancipha kakhulu. Uma kukhona amaqabunga amasha, amancane, izimbali azikho ngokuphelele, noma zibambezeleka kakhulu. Uma isitshalo sinemifino emnyama, lokhu kungase kube isibonakaliso sokuthi sekuphelile ukushisa kwamazinga okushisa, kubhekene nokuntuleka komsoco nokuphuza ngokweqile. Ngokuvame ukusheshisa izimbali kusiza ukutshala izihlahla nge-phosphate fertilizer nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokukhanyisa. I-phosphorus eyedlulele iholela ekwehleni kokumunca kwensimbi ngesitshalo, yini eyenza i-chlorosis yangaphakathi emagqabeni ayo.
Ayikho ingozi kakhulu i-gloxinia futhi ukuntuleka kwe-nitrogen. Izitshalo zisebenzisa i-nitrogen njengezinto zokwakha amaprotheni, ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sici siyingxenye ye-chlorophyll. Ngokuntuleka kwe-nitrogen esitshalweni kukhona ukuvimbela okuphawulekayo kokukhula okukhulu, futhi amahlumela ayo abe mncane, ubukhulu be-inflorescences buyancipha. Ngokuvamile, isihlahla sibukeka singenamandla, futhi amaqabunga awo athola umbala ohlaza obala.
Uma i-gloxinia ihlupheka i-nitrogen ukuntuleka ukuphuziza nokukhanyisa kuqala ngemithanjeni nasezingxenyeni eziseduze zamaqabunga. Izingxenye zamaqabunga asemaphandleni, ngisho nokuntuleka okukhulu kwe-nitrogen, zingagcina umbala wazo wemvelo. Uma isihlahla singatholi i-nitrogen eyanele, khona-ke emaqabunga awo akakaze agcinwe imifino eluhlaza.
Kodwa-ke, lezi zimpawu akufanele zidideke nokuguga kwemvelo kweqabunga, ngoba ukuchithwa kwekhasi leqabunga kuleli cala liqala ngesithuba sangaphakathi. Ukuntuleka kokulandelana kwezinto ekuqaleni kuhlushwa amaqabunga aphansi aphansi, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izinguquko zibonakala kuzo zonke izingxenye zesitshalo. Ngesinye isikhathi ne-nitrogen engenakulinganiswa, kancane kancane iqala ukuma bese iwa yonke amaqabunga e-gloxinia.
Uyazi? Ekhulwini le-18 eYurophu, iNkosi Charles II yaseSweden yadala "ulimi lwezimbali", lapho i-gloxinia yayisho "uthando ekuqaleni".
Uma uqaphela ukuthi i-gloxinia iphakame kakhulu, lokhu kungase kube uphawu lokuthi isitshalo sihlupheke ukuncibilika nge nitrogen noma ukukhanya okungenakho. Kulesi simo, kuyadingeka ukuba unikele ngokushesha i-gloxinia ngesilinganiso esanele sokukhanya futhi uyeke ukudla ngamanyolo.
Uma amaqabunga e-gloxinia athola umbala omnyama ohlaza futhi abe mkhulu futhi anamanzi, futhi izimbali zilibalekile, khona-ke lokhu kuyisibonakaliso esiqinisekisiwe sokuthi isitshalo inqwabelene ne-nitrogen futhi kufanele kube yisikhathi sokuyeka ukufakwa kwalesi sici sokulandelela.
Ukweqa ngokweqile nokunciphisa ngokwezinga elifanayo kuphazamisa ukuthuthukiswa kwehlathi: ngokuntuleka kwezinto eziwusizo ngesitshalo, ukwehla okuphawulekayo kumazinga okukhula okubonakalayo, kanye nokubambezeleka noma ukungabi khona kwezimbali. Ingozi enkulu yokweqa ngokweqile ukuthi kulokhu isitshalo singabhekana nokushiswa kwamakhemikhali. Futhi uma umzuzwana ungamniki usizo oludingekile (hlambulula kahle umhlabathi noma ukuwufakisela emhlabathini omusha), khona-ke lokhu kungabangela ukubhujiswa okuphelele kwe-gloxinia.
I-Gloxinia iqala ukubola
Ukuchelela ngokweqile, i-nitrogen ngokweqile nokwanda kwe-acidity yenhlabathi - Izimbangela ezivame kakhulu ze-gloxinia ukubola. Uma lesi sitshalo siphunga, amaqabunga aqala ukuma nokuwa, khona-ke lokhu kuyisibonakaliso esiqinisekayo sokuthi i-gloxinia ine-tuber. Esikhathini sokuqala sesi sifo sizizwakala ukulahlekelwa amaqabunga e-turgor, engabuyiselwa ngemva kokunisela.
Kubalulekile! I-Gloxinia kufanele ivikeleke e-hypothermia, ngoba ngisho nokungabi khona kokushisa okuncane kungabangela ukubola kwezilimo eziyizigaxa zesitshalo, futhi uma ungasizi ngalesi sikhathi, uzofa ngokushesha kakhulu.
Lapho ukubola kwe-tuber, Ukuze ulondoloze isitshalo, kuyadingeka ukuyihlanza ngokuphelele ngokubola, unqume wonke amaqabunga ayo bese ugoba imizuzu engu-20 kwisisombululo esiphezulu se-potassium permanganate, bese usomile, uphathe indawo ewonakele ngamanqamu aqhekekile nomhlabathi endaweni enomhlabathi omisiwe. Emva kokufakelwa kwesitshalo, isitshalo kufanele sithole inani elincane lomswakama.
I-Gloxinia ayiqhakazi
Ngokuvamile, abalimi abangenalwazi, abafisa ukunikeza i-gloxinia nazo zonke izakhi ezidingekayo, banikwa nge-nitrogen. Nokho ngenxa yokungeniswa ngokweqile kwesitshalo se-trace element, Ngokuphambene nalokho, wenqaba ngokuphelele ukuqhakaza. Iqiniso liwukuthi i-gloxinia ayiphenduli kahle ngokwe-overfeeding ne-nitrogen. Lesi sici sithuthukisa ngokugcwele ukukhula kobumnyama obuhlaza, kodwa kubangele ukulibaziseka kwezimbali.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungabi khona kwezimbali kungabangelwa ukungabi nokukhanya, ama-drafts, izinga lokushisa elincane, ukungabi nomswakama ngisho nokubambisana kakhulu. Ukuze i-gloxinia ijabule ngokunethezeka kwayo ngenkathi ezayo, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa isikhathi sokuphumula okungenani izinyanga ezintathu, futhi emva kokuvusa ngokushesha ufake ibhodlela nesitshalo endaweni ekhanyisiwe. Ukuntuleka kokukhanya kungabangela ukuba i-budding ingabeki, futhi, ngaphandle kwalokhu, kungaba khona ambalwa kakhulu, noma angakhiwa ngokungalungile, okungabangela izimbali ezingenalutho noma ukudalulwa okungaphelele.
Uyazi? Kunezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukene ze-gloxinia, kodwa ngokwesilinganiso, ubukhulu bezintaba ezihlabayo kusuka ku-20 kuya ku-50 cm. Nokho, izinhlobo ezincane ze-gloxinia ziyaziwa ngesayensi: amahlathi ayo awadlule u-5 cm ukuphakama, futhi ubukhulu bamaqabunga awo abudluli ku-1 cm.
Ngezinye izikhathi i-gloxinia iphikelela wenqaba ukuqhakaza ngenxa yebhodlela elingakhethi. Ukuze ukutshalwa kwe-gloxinia kufanele ukhethe izimbiza ezincane neziphansi. Ukujula ngokweqile kwamanzi kungabangela ukuba lesi sitshalo sikhule ngokujulile i-tuber ngenani lezimbali.
Abalimi abaningi bezimbali bakhononda ngokuthi ngesizathu esithile, i-gloxinia ayivuki ngemva kokubanda. Uma i-gloxinia ingahluma emva kobusika, ke Kungase kube nezizathu eziningana zalokhu. Isibonelo, i-tuber enempilo neyomdala yayigcinwe izinyanga ezingaphansi kwezintathu futhi ayizange ikwazi ukuqoqa inani elanele lazo zonke izinto ezidingekayo ekukhuleni okusebenzayo. Futhi, isizathu kungenzeka ukuthi sesomile phakathi nobusika.
Kubalulekile! Ukuze ugweme ukomiswa kwezilimo eziyizigaxa ze-gloxinia, kufanele zigcinwe emasakeni esikhwameni epulasitiki avaliwe ngenani elincane lomhlabathi owomanzi noma umsila phakathi nobusika.Hlanganisa njalo izilimo eziyizigaxa bese uqinisekisa ukuthi abomile. Lapho amaqabunga okuqala evela, ngokushesha uwafakise zibe izimbiza ezilungiselelwe.
Uma i-gloxinia tuber ingafi ngokuguga noma i-fungus ayizange ishaye, khona-ke ngokuqinisekile iyohluma futhi ijabulise ngezimbali ezikhululekile, udinga nje ukulinda kancane.
Major Gloxinia Diseases
Uma ufuna i-gloxinia ikujabulise nge-flowering generous, kufanele ukwazi ukuthi iziphi izifo zeqabunga zikhona nokuthi ungabathwala kanjani, futhi uzijwayeze nezinkinga ezinkulu ekukhuleni.
Ukuphazamisa okwesikhashana
Ukulimala kwesikhathi eside kungenye yezifo eziyingozi kakhulu ze-fungal ze-gloxinia.
Ukutheleleka kusakazeka emhlabathini, inhlawulo yokutshala impahla, imishini noma amanzi emvula.
Kubalulekile! Ukuze kuvinjelwe ukunqotshwa kwezilimo eziyizigaxa ze-gloxinia nezifo ezithathelwanayo, ngaphezu kokulimala kwenhlabathi, kubalulekile ukubulala amagciwane ngokutshala izidakamizwa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, faka i-tuber noma i-cuttings yesitshalo imizuzu emihlanu ekumiswe "iCaptan".
Inkathi yokufaka incubation yesilinganiso yaleso sifo izinyanga ezimbili. Ukutheleleka kwezifo zezitshalo kungabangela:
- ukuchelela okungalungile;
- umhlabathi oqinile;
- ukubeka eduze kwehlathi;
- ukuqhuma kwamanzi;
- umswakama ophezulu;
- izinga lokushisa elincane.
Ngezinhloso ze-prophylactic, kunconywa ukuba ufake izihlahla ezinjalo njengezidakamizwa njenge "Polycarbocide", "Captan" no "Zineb".
I-Fusarium
I-Fusarium - ukutheleleka kwe-fungal, kuboniswa ngokuphuziza nokukhipha amaqabunga, futhi kamuva isitshalo sonke. Umthombo wokutheleleka unembezane nesifo. Okokuqala, i-pathogen ihlasela izimpande ezincane, futhi emva kokuba i-mycelium ikhula, izimpande ezinkulu zihilelekile enkambweni yokugula. Ukutheleleka kusakazeka ngemikhumbi yesitshalo, kuqala isitshalo siyathinteka, futhi ekugcineni isitshalo sonke. Amaqabunga aphansi angokuqala ukufa, kanti bonke abanye baba ngamanzi. Izindawo ezihlukene zamaqabunga zingathola umbala ophuzi oluhlaza noma obala ophuzi. Ukumisa ukusabalala kokutheleleka, susa zonke izitshalo ezigula ngokushesha. Njengokwelashwa kwe-prophylactic, ungasebenzisa i- "Fundazol".
Grey ukubola
Ukubola okumnyama kuyisifo esiyingozi esithathelwanayo esivela ekunakekelweni okungafanele kwe-gloxinia. Ukutheleleka kusakazeka ngokushesha, kuthinta izilimo eziyizigaxa zezitshalo ezincane. Lapho isihlahla sitheleleke ngesikhunta esikhuphukile, lesi sitshalo siqala ukukhula kancane futhi siqhakaze kabi.
Ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kokutheleleka, kubalulekile ukususa ezilimo eziyizigaxa zonke izindawo ezilimazwe yi-fungus kuya ezinhlobonhlobo ezinempilo. Ukuze uvimbele ukutheleleka kabusha, isayithi sesigaba somile, siphathwe ngesibabule noma ngamalahle achotshoziwe, futhi kuphela lapho etshalwe khona emhlabathini futhi.
Umlenze omnyama
Umlenze omnyama ubangelwa u-fungus we-phytopathogenic osemhlabathini. Ezitshalweni ezithintekile, intamo ye-hilar yiyokuqala okumele ihlupheke, ngenxa yalokho ukuthi isiqu, njengoba sigwetshiwe phansi, siqala ukuhamba emhlabathini.
Ukuze uvimbele ukuthuthukiswa kokutheleleka, ngaphambi kokutshala izitshalo, kufanele uqale ukhiphe ukungcola kwenhlabathi ngokushisa. Lapho ukutheleleka kwesitshalo kuphathwa ngesisombululo sulphate yethusi. Ngaphambi noma emva kokutshala imbewu enhlabathini, inhlabathi iphathwa ngamakila noma isulfure. Kumele futhi ulungise ukuchelela, njengoba umswakama owunzulu ngokweqile kunomthelela ekwakhiweni kokutheleleka.
Idonsa likaMealy
Umama we-Mealy ubangelwa ukutheleleka kwefungal. Lesi sifo sibonakala ngokubonakala kwesipuli se-mealy esitshalweni: ngaphandle, izitshalo zibukeka njengokungathi othile uphephule ngefulawa. Izinto ezifaka isandla ekuthuthukiseni lesi sifo zibhekwa njengokunisela okukhulu nokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa.
Umthombo wesifo yisimo somhlabathi noma okutheleleka kokutshala. Uma isihlahla sithinteka nge-powdery isikhutha, kunconywa ukuthi siyibhubhise ukuvimbela ukusakazwa kokutheleleka. Kodwa-ke, esigabeni sokuqala sesi sifo, isitshalo singasindiswa ngelashwa nganoma yimuphi ummeleli we-fungicidal, isibonelo, "Vectra".
Izinambuzane eziyinhloko ze-gloxinia
Ngezinye izikhathi i-Gloxinia ihlushwa izinambuzane ezihlukahlukene, kodwa inamandla kakhulu okuhlasela. ama-aphid, izibungu zesicabucabu kanye ne-thrips.
Indlela yokubhekana nama-aphid
Uma ubona izinambuzane ezincane eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma ezibomvu ezitshalweni zakho, kungenzeka ukuthi i-gloxinia cishe ihlaselwe ama-aphid. Ukudla kwezinambuzane ezitshalweni zezitshalo. Lezi zinambuzane zithinta kakhulu amaqabunga amancane, ngenxa yalokho aqala ukuguqula nokubola. Ngesilonda esincane, le nambuzane ikhukhulwa ngebhashi, bese imane ibhujiswe. Uma kukhona ukungcola okukhulu kwe-gloxinia, kunconywa ukuba uphathe isihlahla "Confidor" noma "Decis".
Indlela yokukhipha imikhaza kwi-gloxinia
Uma i-gloxinia ithinteka yi-spider mite, ungabona amabala amancane emaphethelweni amaqabunga awo, anomthunzi we-silvery ngaphakathi kweqabunga. Amaphutha anjalo avela kulezo zindawo lapho umkhaza ukhipha isisindo samaseli esitshalweni. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngaphansi kweqabunga lamaqabunga, iwebhu ye-thinnest iphinda ibonakale. Ukubuyisela ukuhlaselwa kwezinambuzane, amaqabunga kufanele asuswe nge siponji elinywe amanzi ashisayo ashisayo. Kusuka kuma-insecticide angasetshenziswa "Neoron". Isidakamizwa senziwa izikhathi ezimbili noma kathathu nge-interval of not over 7 days.
Uthinta i-gloxinia
I-Thrips inomzimba owenziwe kancane futhi ibhekwa njengesiqhwaga esivame kakhulu esithinta izitshalo zasendlini. Uma uqaphela ukuthi amaqabunga e-gloxinia aphelile, futhi angazi ukuthi wenzeni, bese uhlola ngokucophelela izihlahla zokutshala nge-thrips. Ukudla kwezinambuzane kumswakama weseli noma umpela wesitshalo. Isibonakaliso sokuqala sokuthi isitshalo sitheleleke nge-thrips, - ukubukeka kwemivimbo yokukhanya emaphepheni okuyinto ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ihlangene futhi ukwakha conglomerates, okuholela ekubhubhisweni kwesitshalo.
I-thrips inamandla kakhulu, ngakho-ke izinambuzane zibhekwa njengendlela engcono yokulwa nayo. Lapho kutholakala inkathazo, isitshalo esilimele kumele sihlukaniswe nazo zonke ezinye izitshalo zasendlini futhi sihlanzeke kahle indawo lapho ibhodlela lime khona. Ukulwa nezidakamizwa zisebenzisa izidakamizwa I-Actellic noma i-Intavir.
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