Njalo ehlobo, bonke abalimi baqala ukukhulisa izithelo nemifino yabo oyintandokazi emikhakheni yabo, futhi ngaphezu kokukhathazeka kwabo kwansuku zonke nangokwezifiso, banenkinga eyengeziwe yokuvikela izitshalo zabo ezinhlobonhlobo zezifo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngisho nehlobo elishisayo kaningi liletha indlela yokushisa lokushisa futhi, ngenxa yalokho, liphawulwe yimvula enamandla, enomthelela omubi kakhulu empilweni yezitshalo ezithile.
Enye yezinto ezidabukisayo kakhulu futhi ezivame ezindaweni ezingaphansi kwe-suburban yesifo, ezihlasela ikakhulukazi utamatisi, yi-phytophthora (fitoftoroz). Futhi namhlanje sizochaza ngokuningiliziwe indlela yokucubungula utamatisi avela ku-phytophtoras emhlabathini ovulekile noma ku-abamba ukushisa nokuthi yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ezingcono okuzozisebenzisa.
Kuyini lesi sifo?
I-Phytophthora yisifo esibi sezitshalo zensimu, i-agent causative ye-fungus i-Phytophthora infestans. Utamatisi uvame ukuhlushwa yi-fungus, kodwa kube khona amacala okutheleleka kanye nezitshalo ezifana nama-strawberries ngisho namakhukhamba. Kulula ukulandelela izimpawu ezesabekayo emifino yakho: kwanele ukuveza emaceleni omunwe wezithelo utamatisi kancane kancane ukwandisa izindawo zomthunzi omnyama ongcolile, okhula ngokuphawulekayo ngesikhathi sezulu. 
"Ama-blots" anjalo aqala ukuvela emaqabunga e-tomato kungakapheli izinsuku ezintathu emva kokutheleleka, bese kuthi, ngokuya kwezimo zezulu, kufaka isandla ekufeni okuphelele kwamahlumela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngeziqu ziyokwazi ukubona ukuthi kuqhuma kancane kancane ukuqhakaza kwegreyimu, kanti nezithelo - izindawo ezimnyama ezimanzi nezingenayo, okuzophinde zisakaze kancane kancane kuwo wonke umhlaba.
Thola ukuthi kungani amaqabunga ephuzi futhi e-curl ngo-utamatisi, ukuthi angabhekana kanjani nokubola okuphezulu ne-powdery isikhutha kumatamatisi.
Akekho obhekene nesibhamu ngokumelene nokulimala kwesikhashana esakhiweni segadi, kodwa ezinye izimbangela nemibandela namanje kubangela ukuba kwenzeke lesi sifo:
- isimo sezulu esibanda kanye nezimvula eziningi;
- ukwehluleka ukuhambisana nombuso wokushisa odingekayo (ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo) utamatisi;
- Ukumboza utamatisi ngefilimu ebanda ngesikhathi sokushisa ukushisa (imini nobusuku) kukhuthaza ukwakheka kwe-condensate, okuyiyo eyenza ukuthuthukiswa kwe-phytophthora.
Uyazi? Ezweni alikho izwekazi elilodwa mahhala kuhlobo lwe-phytophthora - 70 izinhlobo zalo zingabhubhisa ngokuthula futhi ziqede zonke izitshalo zamasiko ezaziwayo.
Amakhambi omphakathi
Kuze kube manje, imakethe yasekhaya ihambisana nokuthengiswa kwama-chemical agents angakwazi ukubhekana nokucindezeleka okudabukisayo okwesikhathi sokuqala futhi isikhathi eside ukulibazisa ukufa okungenakuvinjelwa kwalesi sitshalo, ngoba akusakwazi ukunqoba ngokuphelele lesi sifo esiye sabonakala.
Kodwa njengoba umkhuba ubonisile, ukulimala okuphuzile kungagwenywa ngokuphelele - ukwenza lokhu, udinga nje ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuzivikela eziphumelelayo ngesikhathi, okuyizinto ezindala, ezifakazelwe eminyakeni yobudala yabantu.
Futhi ukuthola ukuthi yimaphi amathuluzi azosiza ekulwa nokulimala kumatamatisi ezindaweni ezivulekile noma ku-abamba ukushisa, siphendukela kula maphuzu alandelayo.
I-garlic ne-Manganese
Isixazululo esaziwayo jikelele se-potassium permanganate ne-garlic sekuyisikhathi eside sibe yithuluzi eliyisivikelo elihle ekulwa nokuhlaselwa kwefungal. Ubuchwepheshe bokulungiselela kwawo bulula kakhulu, futhi izakhiwo ezibulalayo zokubulala amagciwane zihlasela ngokuphumelela kwazo. Ukulungisa isixazululo, udinga ukwenza ngezigaba:
- In grinder yenyama, amagremu ayi-100 kagalikhi ayagcoba, nazo zonke izingxenye zawo ngesikhathi esisodwa: amaqabunga, anyanisi nemicibisholo.
- Ingxube yegalikhi ithululelwa ngilazi yamanzi ahlanzekile futhi ishiye amahora angu-24 ekamelweni lokushisa, endaweni emile futhi epholile.
- Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa ukugxila okwamanje kuhlanjululwe ngamanzi (amalitha ayi-10).
- Kubalulekile ukupakisha utamatisi njalo emva kwamasonto amabili esimweni esinokuthula nesomile.
Kubalulekile! Uma kunezingozi zokubola kwezithelo ezivela ku-phytophtoras ngaphambi kokuvuthwa okugcwele, kungcono ukuzikhetha, ubambe emanzini (lokushisa - 35° ะก) nge-potassium permanganate cishe cishe isigamu sehora, bese ubomisa ukuba bavuthwe endaweni evulekile, isibonelo, efasiteleni.
Ukumnika ukuqina
Uma ukhethe ukukhipha ukumisa njengesikhali sokuvimbela ukulimala okuphelile, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi isithako esiyinhloko kumele sibole (hay noma utshani). Uthi utshani luthululelwa ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi, i-urea encane ifakwe engxenyeni, bese ingeniswa izinsuku ezintathu. 
Khona-ke i-tincture eqediwe ihlungiwe kahle futhi iqhutshwa phambili nge-utamatisi njalo ngemva kwamasonto amabili.
Akukhona nje utamatisi, amazambane, iklabishi nezinye izitshalo zensimu, kodwa futhi izindlu zendlu ziphethwe yi-phytophtorosis, kanye ne-spatifilum, i-kalanchoe, i-violets, i-gloxinia, ne-azalea.
Whey
Sekuyisikhathi eside i-Whey iyaziwa ukuthi izakhamuzi zasehlobo zikwazi ukuphumelela empini ngokumelene ne-phytophthora ukhunta: yakha ifilimu encane, encane engabonakaliyo emagqabeleni e-tomato okuvimbela ama-microorganisms ayingozi ukuba angene emathanjeni yemifino futhi abeke izimpande zawo lapho.
Izifo ze-Fungal ezinhlobonhlobo zizama njalo "ukweqa" izitshalo eziphathwe nge-serum, ngoba amabhaktheriya yobisi kanye ne-microflora equkethwe kuwo ayingozi kubo. Kodwa inqubo yokunisela kufanele iphindwe, hhayi ukukhohlwa, ngoba i-serum ngokwayo iphila isikhathi esifushane futhi isheshe ilahlekelwe umphumela wayo we-antimicrobial. Eminye imithombo ithi iphethini ye-spray kanye nezinsuku ezingu-10 eziphumelela kakhulu, kodwa ngokusekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho kwama-agronomists amaningi nabalimi, saphetha ngokuthi ukuxhaphazwa kufanele kwenziwe njalo ngangokunokwenzeka, ngisho nosuku ngalunye. Kodwa, ukuze isebenzise i-serum ngenjongo yayo ehlosiwe, kufanele kuqala iguqulwe ibe yisisombululo sokusebenza - ngoba lokhu kuhlanjululwe ngamanzi ngo-1: 1 isilinganiso. Ngale ndlela, kungenzeka ukuba uvikele utamatisi ngokuphephile kusuka e-phytophtoras engafaneleki kokubili endaweni yokushisa futhi endaweni evulekile.
Ubisi kanye ne-iodine
Akumangazi abantu abaningi abalimi abaqeqeshiwe utamatisibabhekwa njengendlela engcono yokuvimbela kusuka phytophthora processing izitshalo ezinekhambi lobisi kanye iodine, ngoba izakhi zalo ezibulala amagciwane azibulali nje kuphela amabhaktheriya abangela isifo, kodwa futhi zifaka isandla esimweni esiphuthumayo nesiphakeme kakhulu sokuvuna izithelo zamatamatisi. 
Ukuze ukulungiswa kwesisombululo esinjalo kuzodinga ingxenye eyodwa kuphela yendebe yobisi obumhlophe, amanzi ahlanzekile kanye namaconsi amancane we-iodine (engekho futhi engeza, ingashisa amaqabunga). Ubisi kanye ne-iodine bengezwa ku-1 litre lamanzi, bese kuthi ingxube evelele kufanele ifakwe ngokucophelela kuzo zonke izindawo ezingavimbelwe.
Kubalulekile! Ukuze usebenze kahle, ukucubungula utamatisi kusuka ku-phytophthora nge-iodine kufanele kuhambisane nokucubungulwa nge-garlic tincture.
Isixazululo saline
Uma uthola izimpawu zokulimala okuphelile ekutheni utamatisi ovuthiwe, khona-ke ukukhetha okungcono kakhulu kungaba ukunikeza izithelo zamatamatisi ezingakaguli ukuze zivuthwe futhi zivunwe ngokushesha.
Ngenxa yalokhu, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa noma yimaphi amakhemikhali, isisombululo sosawoti evamile sihambisana kahle: kuvumela ukuthi izitshalo ziqede amaqabunga abathintekayo ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, ngaleyo ndlela zinikeze isikhathi esiningi kanye namandla ukuze siphuthukise ukuvuthwa kwesithelo, futhi sihlanganise ngokuphelele isitshalo ngefilimu yelinci, kuphuza kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sofungal. Ngokuba ukulungiselela kwalo kusetshenziswa kuphela 100 g usawoti ngamanzi angu 1 litre. 
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi izindawo ezigulayo kuphela ezinezitshalo zinganciphisa nge-saline, ngoba ingabangela ukulimala kwezinye izitshalo zasadini.
I-Kefir
Isikhathi eside eside isikhunta esiphezulu sizosiza ukugcina i-kefir evamile. Ukucubungula kahle, kufanele uqale ukulungisa isisombululo sokusebenza, esine-1 l yefir kanye nama-5 amalitha amanzi. Utamatisi nalesi thuluzi kufanele aqalwe ukuhlanza izinsuku ezingu-14 kuphela emva kokutshala izithombo endaweni enomphela, bese ukukhwabanisa kwenziwa kakade njalo ngesonto.
Isixazululo se-Ash
Ukuze kubhujiswe izinhlamvu ze-lateral, ezisanda kuhluma emhlabathini we-tomato, isixazululo sokuqukethwe komlotha kuvame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu, esinamandla okuqeda izifo nokubhubhisa, ngaphezu kwesifungi, nezinye izifo ezithinta izitshalo. Le tincture ilungiswa ngokushesha futhi kalula: 250 ml umlotha uthululwa ngetitha lamanzi, abilisiwe emlilweni imizuzu engu-15. Ingxube elandelwayo ihlungiwe ngokucophelela, bese kuthiwa amanye amalitha ayishumi amanzi.
Manje kufanele uqaphele isisombululo sokufafaza emasimini ukulungisa umphumela wokushiswa kwe-disinfection: amalitha ayisithupha omlotha ahlanganiswe ngokuphelele ngamalitha ayishumi amanzi, bese ingxube ibhekene nendawo emnyama okungenani izinsuku ezintathu. 
Ukufafaza izithombo zotamatisi kufanele kwenziwe izikhathi ezintathu, owokuqala - lapho izithombo zihluma emhlabathini, okwesibili - ngaphambi kokuqala kwezimbali, kanti okwesithathu - uma kuvela ama-ovari wokuqala.
Ukupaka Pipe
Imishini yokuhlanza izitshalo izosiza kakhulu utamatisi ohlaza okwamanje ongazange ahlupheke yi-phytophthora. Kuyinto ephawulekayo, kodwa kwenzeka nje ukuthi i-mushroom ikwazi ukwenza njengesithiyo esiyingozi ekuthuthukiseni ezinye isikhunta ezilimazayo, ikakhulukazi ukulimala okuphelile.
Izinhlobo ezilandelayo zamatamatisi ziphikisana kakhulu ne-phytophthora: "I-Katya", "I-Bearded," "I-Giant Raspberry", "i-Dubrava", "i-Little Red Riding Hood", "i-Batyana", i- "Budenovka", "Gina", "i-Honey Drop".
Ukutshala kufanele kuphuziswe ngesikhathi sesithelo, njalo ngezinsuku eziyishumi ekuseni, ikakhulukazi esimweni sezulu esiphelile nesingenamandla. I-iresiphi yokulungiselela isisombululo se-grout kanje: i-mushroom omisiwe (100 g) ichotshozwe endaweni yokugaya inyama futhi igcwele ngamanzi abilayo, ngemva kokupholisa okuphelele, ingxube iyahlungwa, futhi isixazululo siphuthuma ngokushesha. 
I-Copper
Ososayensi baseJalimane baye bavela ngendlela ethakazelisayo yokulawula ukulimala kwesikhashana: kuhlanganisa ukumboza uhlelo lwempande lwezithombo nge wire encane yethusi. Ama-agronomists ethu ashintshile le ndlela ngendlela yawo - azakhela ukubhoboza isihlahla esinjalo sokhuni esinomshini onjalo. Indlela ibukeka iyinqaba, kodwa isebenza ngokumangalisayo: ngenxa ye-microdose yethusi yaleso sitshalo, i-chlorophyll iqiniswa, futhi izinqubo eziphathelene ne-oxyidative zibuyiselwa. 
Kodwa kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukuphathwa okunjalo kungenziwa kuphela kumatamatisi anamandla.
Inqubo yokwethulwa kwenthusi isenziwa ngezigaba:
- Intambo encane yethusi itholwe nge-sandpaper noma igwetshiwe, bese isuka zibe izingcezu ezincane ezintathu.
- Isikhathi se-stem senziwe hhayi ngqo enhlabathini, kodwa kude kube ngu-10 cm.
- Ucingo lufakwa ngobumnene ku-stem, ukuphela kwalo kuphelile.
- Ukugoqa isiqu akunakwenzeka neze.
Uyazi? Umuntu wokuqala owathola ukuthi i-phytophthora yesaba ithusi kwakungenye engaziwa, intatheli enobumbulu (ngeshwa, igama lakhe alizange ligcinwe emlandweni). Kodwa ngokuqondile ngenxa yalokho akubona, abantu babona ukuthi i-fungus enonya ayibonakali eduze kwezingcweti zethusi, bese amaJalimane anelungelo lobunikazi lobunikazi manje eyaziwa kithi ukusindisa indlela nge wire.
Imvubelo
Esigabeni sokuqala, imvubelo yesibhakabhaka evamile kakhulu ikwazi ukulawula ukulimala kwamuva. Ukuze uphuze ngokuphumelelayo, nje amagremu angu-100 omkhiqizo akwanele, okumele akhishwe ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi. Khona-ke ikhambi kumele lisetshenziselwe injongo yalo ehlosiwe. 
Ukuvimbela
Okubaluleke kakhulu empini yokulwa nokulimala kwetamatisi, ku-greenhouse kanye nasemhlabathini ovulekile kungenye yokuvimbela kwangaphambili, eyenziwa ngamakhambi afanayo. Uma uzama ukwenza zonke lezi zindlela, uzokwazi ukukhohlwa ngokulimala kwekwephuzile okwesikhashana. Ukuze uthole umphumela omuhle, kufanele wenze lokhu okulandelayo:
- Ukuvimbela kuyinto efiselekayo ukuqala ezinyathelweni zakuqala zokutshala: lokhu kuyadingeka ukucubungula imbewu yemifino. Imbewu evame ukugoba isisombululo se-potassium permanganate imizuzu engu-20 noma engu-30.
- Hlanganisa izinhlobo zakuqala ezingacabangi kakhulu kumakhunta.
- Ngenkathi yokutshala izithombo, ilungiselelwe utamatisi, imigodi kufanele iphathwe kakhulu nge-copper sulfate (1 tbsp ngalinye ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi).
- Qinisekisa ibanga elihle phakathi kokufika komhlaba (okungenani 30 cm).
- Lapho izithelo zebhayisikili yokuqala zivela ezihlahleni, kubalulekile ukususa amaqabunga aphansi.
- Ukuqapha ukubukeka eziqongweni zezihlahla zezimbali nezibhamu - kuyisifiso sokuziqeda ngesikhathi.
