Iningi lethu lithanda ukusondla amajuba noma ezinye izinyoni. Kodwa uyazi ukuthi yini engase ikulindele? Manje sizoxoxa ngezifo ezivame kakhulu zezinkukhu ezithunyelwa kubantu.
Izifo zamajuba: ukuxilongwa, ukwelashwa nokuvimbela, ingozi kubantu
Eqinisweni, kunenani elikhulu kakhulu lezifo ezihlukahlukene, eziningi zazo ezingathuthuka emzimbeni womuntu.
I-Ornithosis
I-Ornithosis okuthiwa izifo ezithathelwanayo eziyingozi, umthombo oyinhloko wezinyoni zasendle nezifuywayo. Ezimweni eziningi, lesi sifo sibonakala esikhathini esibandayo.
Ngokuvamile i-ornithosis ivela emajuba.. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sifo sivame ukuphendula umbuzo othi kungani amajuba amajuba efa. Ngosuku lokuqala lwesifo, izilwane ezincane zihlangabezana nezimpawu ezifana nokuphefumula nokuhuda, okuqhubeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi kungaholela ekufeni kwezinkukhu (ngokuvamile ezineminyaka engama-24).
Uma uqaphele izibonakaliso ezifanayo ze-ornithosis emajuba akho, khona-ke lesi yisisusa esibucayi sokwesaba. Abantu abasha abathintekile bayakhula kabi, badla kabi futhi badla kabi. Ezinyoni ezindala, lesi sifo singabonakalisa njengokuphefumula, impumu egijimayo, nokuvuthwa. Kaningi futhi wayebheka ukuhlangana kwe-conjunctivitis, kuhambisane nokuqothula okukhulu.
Awukwazi ukuqagela ukuthi kungani inhlanzi iyathuthumela, kodwa ngokushesha nje lapho le nyoni iqala ukunyakaza futhi iqhubekele ikhanda njalo, ifuna ukuqeda ukuphuma komzimba, kufanele ucabange ukuthi kungenzeka isifo esinjalo. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphandle kokunakekelwa okufanele, ijuba ligcwele futhi lizobhubha.
Uyazi? Ngokokuqala ngqa, lesi sifo sachazwa nguT. Jürgensen, esibiza ngokuthi "SARS". Kwenzeka ngo-1879. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uDkt. Ritter wasungula ubuhlobo bawo nezifo zama-parrot.
Amaseli aphumelele kakhulu ekwelapheni i-ornithosis i-azithromycin futhi i-erythromycinokubekiwe emithwalweni yokwelashwa okulinganiselwe. Kungenzeka futhi ukusebenzisa i-tetracycline antibiotics.
Ubude benkambo buxhomeke emthonjeni wemitholampilo, futhi njengendlela yokwelapha okungokwemvelo, ukwelapha okuxilongwa nge-detoxification kwenziwa nge-bronchodilators, amavithamini, oksijini.
Lapho ukwela izinkukhu, ukulawulwa kwenani labantu ngabanye nokunciphisa ukuxhumana nabo akufakiwe.
Kubalulekile! Akufanele nanini ukhohlwe mayelana nokugcinwa kwemithetho yezilwane kanye nehlanzekile lapho kungenisa izinkukhu ezivela kwamanye amazwe, ukugcinwa kwazo ezinkampanini zezinkukhu nezindawo zezilwane.
Izinyoni ezigulayo zivame ukubhujiswa futhi amakamelo aphethwe yi-disinfected. Bonke abasebenzi kumele banikezwe izingubo zokuzivikela kanye nezifo ezibulala amagciwane.
Ngokuqondene nabantu, iziguli zingafakwa esibhedlela ngenxa yezibonakaliso zomtholampilo kanye nezifo, futhi kubantu abasengozini yokutheleleka, ukubhekwa kwezokwelapha kungasungulwa izinsuku ezingaba ngu-30.
I-prophylaxis ephuthumayo yenziwa izinsuku ezingu-10, isebenzisa i-doxycycline ne-tetracycline.
Ukutheleleka komuntu nge-ornithosis kwenzeka ngokuthungatha uthuli, izinhlayiya ezomile zendwangu kanye nokukhipha izinyoni. Isikhathi sokugcoba lesi sifo sithatha amasonto ama-1 kuya kwangu-3, futhi ukutheleleka ngokwayo kungaba nzima noma okungapheli.
Konke kuqala ngokunyuka okusheshayo kokushisa, ukubola, ukujuluka okukhulu, ukukhanda ikhanda, ubuhlungu emisipha kanye namalungu. Umuntu ogulayo angase akhononde ngobuthakathaka, ukuphazamiseka kokulala, umkhuhlane, nokuqothulwa. Kwezinye izimo, isicanucanu nesifo sohudo singenzeka.
Uma kuhlolwa, i-conjunctivitis ivame ukutholakala ezigulini, futhi ngesonto lokuqala lesi sifo i-hepatolienal syndrome ikhiwa. Umsindo wenhliziyo ugcwele, kukhona ukuthambekela kwe-bradycardia nomfutho wegazi ophansi. Ukwehluleka, ukucasula, ukukhala, ukungazweli, noma i-adynamia kungase futhi ikhule.
Isibonakaliso sokuqala somonakalo wamaphaphu yisikhwehlela (sibonakala ngezinsuku ezingu-3-4 zokugula).
Ngokuvamile, ukutheleleka kuphazamisa ubuchopho, ubhedu, isibindi, ne-myocardium. Uma isimo semvelo se-pathogenic sihlanganyela ekuthuthukiseni lesi sifo, kungenzeka ukuthi i-pneumonia enkulu noma i-lobar pneumonia ingenzeka.
I-Trichomoniasis
I-Trichomoniasis yisinye isifo esasakazekayo samajuba asendle namakhaya. Kubangelwa i-microorganism ebizwa ngokuthi i-trichomonas. Isici sesici salesi sivivinyo siyikhono lokuphila emanzini okuphuza, kepha ukusula umswakama kuholela ekufeni okusheshayo kwama-microorganisms ezilimazayo.
Kunezinhlobo eziningana trichomoniasis, kodwa ngokuvamile kuvame ukuthi lesi sifo sibonakaliswe yisilonda se-pharynx, umlomo kanye nezinyoni zezinyoni. Amajuba ahloselwe ahlale ehlezi, ehlala esihlahleni ngamaphiko phansi futhi umlomo uvulekile.
Ngenxa yokuvinjelwa kokungena kwe-larynx, kunzima kakhulu ukuphefumula, futhi ukubunjwa okwesibhakabhaka obukhulu emgqonyeni wesikhumba somlomo (okuthiwa "ipulaki eliphuzi") kubangela ukunganaki. Kwezinye izimo, ukukhula okuphuzi okunjalo kungaphawulwa ngomlomo ovulekile wenyoni.
Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva, ngenxa yokwanda komgodla ophuzi, kuqhuma ukuqhuma, futhi amajuba ayafa. Phakathi kwezinye izibonakaliso ezingekho ngaphansi kwezinhlobo ze-trichomoniasis, ubuthakathaka, ukuhlanganiswa kwemifula nokuhluleka ukushayela indiza kufanele kuqashelwe.
Uma ukucabanga kwakho kuqinisekiswa, futhi kuthiwa amajuba agule ngempela nge-trichomoniasis, kuzodingeka ukuthi uqale ukwelashwa ngokushesha, okusebenzisa imithi yanamuhla.
Omunye wabo ukhona "Trichopol", elisetshenziselwa uhlobo lwezinwele endaweni yokukhipha ukukhula emgodini womlomo, ngokufaka massage okuqukethwe kwe-goiter. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umuthi ungafakwa nge-pipette, hhayi kuphela emlonyeni wezinyoni, kodwa naku-goiter.
Kubalulekile! Kubalulekile ukuzama ngazo zonke izindlela ukugwema ingress yamanzi emaphashini.
Njengesilinganiso sokuvimbela, kunconywa ukuthi ungeze "i-Trichopol" (i-Metronidazole) emanzini okuphuza. Ungasebenzisa futhi isisombululo se- "Iodoglycerin" nesi-Lugol.
Ngokuvamile, ukutheleleka kwabantu nge-trichomoniasis kwenzeka ngokuxhumana kocansi., nakuba i-mode ye-sex yezokudlulisela engeyona eyejwayelekile. Ngokuyinhloko, lesi sifo singathiwa yiqembu lezifo ezithunyelwa kubantu ezivela emajuba. Uma inyoni enesifo ixhumana nawe noma izinto zakho, khona-ke kukhona ithuba elibi lokutheleleka.
I-Trichomonas ingavame ukuhlala emanzini amanzi kuze kube amahora amaningana, ukuhlala ezitsheni, izindonga zamanzi okugeza noma esihlalweni sezindlu zangasese.
Kulo wesilisa, lesi sifo senziwa ikakhulukazi ngaphandle kwempawu, kodwa singabangela kalula ukungabi namuntu, i-urethritis noma i-prostatitis engapheli.
Abesifazane abathintekayo baphoqeleka ukuba balwe nokuvuvukala okungapheli, okwenza ngezinye izikhathi kubangele ukungabhubhi kwamathambo noma ukuthuthukiswa komdlavuza wesibeletho.
I-Campylobacteriosis
I-Campylobacteriosis kungokwesiqhema sezifo ezithathelwanayo zezilwane nabantu, ezibhekene nezigaba ezihlukahlukene zokuqina kanye ne-polymorphism yezibonakaliso. I-agent ye-causative yalesi sifo yizibhaktheriya zohlobo lwe-Campylobacter, olwenza ukuba umzimba wezinkukhu ugxumeke kalula.
Uyazi? Ngokokuqala ngqa lezi zincane ezincane zitholakale kubantu abanesifo sohudo ngo-1884.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinhlobo zamabhaktheriya eziqondile ngokwanele ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zezilwane. Kodwa-ke, akubona bonke abayi-pathogenic.
Ezinyoni (ikakhulukazi, ngamajuba), lesi sifo singabangela isifo se-septicemia, izifo ezingapheliyo zokuphefumula, i-synovitis (ukuvuvukala kwemigqa, okuvame ukuholela ekuhlanzeni), i-pericarditis (ukuvuvukala kwe-pericardium) ne-salpingitis (ukuvuvukala kwe-ovary).
Nokho ngokuvamile i-campylobacteriosis ayizibonakalifuthi ijuba libonakala liphilile ngokuphelele. Kubantu, i-campylobacteriosis ibonakala ngesifo sohudo, esivame ukuhambisana nomkhuhlane, isisu, ukukhwabanisa isikhumba kanye nama-membrane amancane.
Lapho ukwelashwa kwesifo, ama-rehydrating agents, ama-probiotics, amalungiselelo enzyme asetshenziswa, futhi ezimweni ezinzima - ama-antibiotics.
Ezimweni eziningi, ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ngokumelene nesifo sohudo kuyanele, kodwa ezimweni ezinzima zesifo, ukwelashwa nge-tetracycline ne-chloramphenicol kungadingeka.
Uma lesi sifo sitholakala enjengezinkukhu noma kwezinye izinkukhu, i-feed yabo iqala engeza i-furazolidone noma unike nifurprazin amanzi anelisayo kanye nokuphuza.
Ngempilo emitholampilo, ekuboneni kokuqala, izinyoni, kanye nezintambo, zifakela inani elithile le-campylobacter. Kumuntu, lesi sifo sidluliselwa ngokushiya izinsalela emlonyeni, mhlawumbe ngokuphuza amanzi angcolile noma ukudla.
Isikhathi sokukhushulwa yisikhathi samahora angu-12-72. Ngesinye isikhathi emzimbeni womuntu, amabhaktheriya enza izibonakaliso ezihlukahlukene emaphethweni omzimba.
Ngakho-ke, iziguli ziveza ngokucacile ubuhlungu besisu, isicanucanu, nokuhlanza nokuhuda emva kwesikhathi esithile. Isihlalo se-liquid esibhekene nephunga elingathandeki kakhulu kanye nokungcola kwegazi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunyuke ekushiseni komzimba futhi kwandisa isimo somzimba. Lezi zimpawu zingapheli izinsuku ezintathu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungase kube nobuhlungu emisipha nasezihlangwini.
Kwabanye abantu, lesi sifo sihlala singelapheki, futhi izimpawu ezinjalo zingekho: ngezinye izikhathi ubuhlungu emathunjini nasezinsweni zokuhlukunyezwa, okuhlanganiswa izihlalo ezivulekile. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umuntu uqala ukunciphisa umzimba, uba buthakathaka futhi akhulise ukukhathala.
Ngezinye izikhathi amalunga angathunga futhi avuke. Abesifazane bavame ukhathazekile ngokubamba izidakamizwa kanye nokukhishwa kwe-uncharacteristic. Uma uqala lesi sifo, ukutheleleka kuzobangela i-abscess yesibindi nama-pancreas.
Uyazi? Amajuba njengoba izinkukhu zaqala ukuzala ngisho neminyaka engu-5 000 eyedlule. Uma sicabanga ukuthi lezi zinyoni zingahamba ngejubane lika-100 km / h, ezinsukwini zakudala zazisetshenziswa njengama-postmen.
Listeriosis
Listeriosis - izifo ezithathelwanayo zoonotic nge-polymorphic clinic course. Lesi sifo sibangelwa i-bacterium Listeria monocytogenes, okuyinto intambo ephathekayo, ekhethwa-anaerobic. Ayifuni ama-spores futhi angahlasela amangqamuzana, enze i-capsule futhi ahlinzeke ukutheleleka okulandelekile.
Ngenxa yalolu hlobo lwesifo lubonakala isikhathi eside senkambo yabo, kungekho zibonakaliso zemitholampilo ngokuvamile ayitholakali. Izimpawu ezibonakalayo zizibonakalisa ngokwabo kuphela emajuba abuthakathaka, lapho lesi sifo sibhekene nezinkinga: zikhona ukuphazamiseka ohlelweni lwezinzwa zomphakathi, futhi inyoni ishona ngokushesha.
Kubalulekile! Ukuze kutholakale ukuxilongwa okunembile kumuntu, kuyadingeka ukuthi uhlole ukuhlolwa kwamagciwane egazi, i-mucus ephuma emakhaleni nase-pharynx, i-cerebrospinal fluid, izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa zomntwana osanda kuzalwa noma u-amniotic fluid kwabesifazane abakhulelwe.
Ukwelashwa kwamajuba kwe-listeriosis akusizi ngalutho; ngakho-ke, izinyoni ezigulayo ngokuvamile zibhujiswa noma zihlanganiswa emtholampilo wezilwane. Ngokuqondene nokuvimbela, kwehlisa ukunciphisa ukuxhumana kwezinyoni zasendle nezinkukhu (amanye ama-dovecotes embozweni wephemitha inetha).
Kubalulekile futhi ukunamathela ezindinganisweni zezilwane ezihlanzekile nezokuhlanzeka, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi nasezikhungweni ezihambisana nokuphathwa kwezilwane (uma kunamajuba, kudingekile ukuba ngezikhathi ezithile zichithe i-disinfect houses).
Umuntu ophethe i-listeriosis unqunywe i-tetracycline, i-penicillin noma i-ampicillin iqembu lama-antibiotics, futhi kuphela udokotela ongakwazi ukucacisa ukuthi isilinganiso esidingekayo nesiphi isikhathi sokwelapha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isiguli sisodwa kwabanye kanye nokuphumula komyalelo wokulala.
Uma i-listeriosis iholele ezinkingeni ngendlela ye-meningitis, i-benzylpenicillin usawoti ka-sodium ingasiza ngo-75-100 eziyinkulungwane U / kg, ephathekayo ngaphakathi kwamahora amane.
Ukwelashwa kwe-Pathogen kwenziwa ngokuvumelana nemigomo evunyelwe ngokuvamile. Isibonelo, ngesimo se-eye-glandular, isisombululo se-sodium sulfacyl engu-20% kanye ne-1% ye-hydrocortisone emulsion isetshenziswa kakhulu.
Ngezinhloso ze-prophylactic, zihlaziya ukuhlukunyezwa kwezilwane nabantu, zikhomba amaqembu ezinengozi ekhulayo kanye nezici ezingabangela ekusakazeni ukutheleleka, kokubili empilweni yansuku zonke nasezimo zesibhedlela.
I-Listeriosis, njengezinye izifo eziningi zezinkukhu, idluliselwa kubantu nge-mucus kanye nezinyosi zezinyoni, okungukuthi, ngokusebenzisa imizila ye-faecal-oral, airborne noma yokuxhumana.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi amabhaktheriya isikhathi eside kakhulu angagcina i-pathogenicity emasikisi omisiwe, kanye nezinhlayiya zezintambo noma ezimpaphe. Nokho, akusiyo njalo lapho uListeria engena emzimbeni womuntu obangela lesi sifo.
Kubantu abagulayo, i-listeriosis iyenzeka ngokusho kohlobo lwe-reactionergic reaction, futhi ezimweni ezinzima ukushisa komzimba kuphakama. Izimpawu zalesi sifo zibonakalisa ngezindlela ezihlukene: kwezinye izimo, ukuqhuma kubonakala nje, kwezinye, i-lymph nodes ikhuphuka futhi kuqhuma umkhuhlane omkhulu.
Kwezinye izimo ezinzima kakhulu, uListeria angathinta isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko, okwenza ukuba i-meningitis ne-encephalitis. Ezimweni eziningi, lesi sifo senziwa efomini elikhishiwe, nge-fever and nausea ngezikhathi ezithile. Uma abesifazane abakhulelwe benesandulela ngculaza, ukutheleleka kuzodluliselwa kwengane.
I-Tularemia
I-Tularemia - Lesi esinye isifo esiyingozi esingasakazwa kubantu kusukela emajuba. I-agent ye-causative yalesi sifo ibhethri encane ye-genre Francisella, egcwele futhi inezinga eliphakeme lokuphikelela emvelweni.
Izinkukhu, kanye namajuba ikakhulukazi, ngokuvamile ziwumthombo ongabonakali wama-tularemia. Esikhathini esibucayi besifo, bangase babonakale bebuthakathaka futhi benqabe ukudla.
Ayikho imithi ekhethekile yokwelapha ye-tularemia ezinkukhu, okwamanje abanikazi bama-pigeon bangasebenzisa izidakamizwa ezivame kakhulu zokulwa namagciwane (nitrofurans, antibiotics kanye ne-sulfonamides).
Ngokuqondene nokuvimbela, konke okungenziwa ukuze kuvinjelwe ukusakazwa kokutheleleka ukuhlukanisa abantu abagulayo ngesikhathi futhi ukukhipha imishanguzo yezinkukhu endlini. Kubantu, lesi sifo siphathwa ngama-antibiotics, futhi labo abasengozini enkulu yokutheleleka bayanconywa ukuba bagonywe njalo eminyakeni emihlanu.
Ngokuvamile noma ubani angenwa yi-bacteria ngokuxhumana ngokuqondile namajuba agulayo noma ngokuphuza amanzi angcolile nokudla. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi umzimba wethu unomthelela kakhulu ku-tularemia, nakuba ibhethri ayidluliswanga kusuka komuntu kuya komuntu.
Ukutholakala kwesifo kuhambisane nomkhuhlane kanye nezikhukhula. Futhi, iziguli zivame ukukhononda ngobuthakathaka, izifo zomzimba, ukukhanda ikhanda nokulahlekelwa ukudla.
Ezingeni zokuqala zokuthuthukiswa kwesifo, ubuso buba bomvu futhi buvuvuke, ukugqwala kubonakala esikhumbeni nasezinkalweni ezinomlomo emlonyeni, futhi ubuhlungu esiswini buveza ubuhlungu ngezikhathi ezithile. Kubantu, i-tularemia ingavela efomini ye-pulmonary, nekhwehlela owomile, ubuhlungu besisu nesifuba. Kukhona amacala avamile we-pneumonia yesibili.
Uyazi? Kusukela ngo-1996, umthetho ususebenze eMunich ovimbela izakhamuzi ukuthi zingadli amajuba. Ngecala elifanayo eHong Kong, uzobhekana nokuhle noma ukuxoshwa endlini.
I-pseudotuberculosis
I-pseudotuberculosis (noma, njengoba kubizwa nangokuthi, "isifo sofuba") - Lesi yisifo esingelapheki sezilwane nezinyoni, okubangelwa ukuguqulwa kwamathambo, kufana nesifo sofuba somuntu futhi sibonakala ukubonakala kwama-nodular ezakhiweni nasezikhungweni ezithintekayo. Ama-pathogens angabangela izimpawu ezihlukahlukene.
Lesi sifo sibangelwa ukuvezwa kwe-pastarela pseudotuberculosis, eyenzeka ezinyoni zasendle nezipulazi. Ezimweni eziningi, lesi sifo sibhekene nesimo sezinye izifo zezinyoni: isibonelo, ukuphazamiseka okungapheli kwamathumbu.
Isici sesibonakaliso se-pseudotuberculosis yilezi: izinyoni ezicindezelekile, izinqwaba ezikhukhulayo, ukuphefumula ubunzima, isikhundla esiyinhloko esingavamile, ukuphazanyiswa kwemisebenzi yezitho zangaphakathi. Ukuxilongwa kokugcina kungenziwa kuphela lapho kunemiphumela yezifundo ze-bacteriology eziqinisekisa ukuthi kukhona khona isifo.
Ngokusobala, kodwa noma yimuphi ukwelashwa okhethekile we-pseudotuberculosis ngamajuba nje akakho. Ezimweni eziningi, kusetshenziselwa ama-antibiotics amaningi, kodwa izinyoni ezigulayo zivame ukufa, ngenxa yokuphuza umzimba ngokushesha.
Ukwelashwa kwabantu abathintekayo kwenziwa ezimweni zezilonda zamakhemikhali angaphandle futhi kuncishiswe ukuba zisuswe. Uma kukhona amakhokhelo angenasici, kutuswa ukuwavula futhi ususe ipus. Ezimweni ezilahliwe kakhulu, kunzima kakhulu ukuphilisa lesi sifo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kungenakwenzeka.
Чтобы предупредить появление и распространение болезни, необходимо проводить тщательную и регулярную дезинфекцию голубятни, а также своевременно истреблять грызунов. Кроме того, при малейших подозрениях на псевдотуберкулез, не реже, чем два раза в месяц необходимо проводить клинический осмотр птицы.
Uma kukhona ukungabaza ngempilo yabantu ngabanye, kumele babe ngabodwa futhi kufanele kwenziwe izifundo ezifanele ze-bacteriological.
Ama-pseudotuberculosis amajuba adluliselwa kubantu - lokhu kuyiqiniso. Ukutheleleka kubangelwa ikakhulukazi ngamanzi kanye nokuphathwa kahle inyama, imifino yobisi nemifino, ngisho nalabo ababegcinwe esiqandisini.
Ukutheleleka komunye umuntu kungenakwenzeka, ngakho iziguli azidingi ukuzihlukanisa. Ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo kuyashesha kakhulu, futhi izimpawu zokuqala zivele kakade ngosuku lwesibili noma lwesithathu ngemuva kokuba umuntu adle ukudla okungcolile.
Iziguli zivame ukukhononda ngomphimbo, ubuhlungu, ubuthakathaka nomkhuhlane kuze kufike ku-38-40 °. Ngokuvamile kukhona ukuqhuma, okufana kakhulu nomfutho obomvu futhi kutholakala eduze kwamalungu.
Kubalulekile! Kubantu abane-immunodeficiency, inqubo yenziwa ngokujwayelekile, futhi ukufa kungenzeka.
Kulula nje, i-pseudotuberculosis ayinayo izimpawu zayo futhi kunalokho ifana nezinye izifo ezithathelwanayo: isifo sofuba esibangwa yi-viral hepatitis, scarlet fever noma i-ARVI.
Cryptococcosis
I-Cryptococcosis yisinye isifo esithathelwanayo esibangelwa umsebenzi obalulekile wemvubelo yefungus Cryptococcus neoformans. Indawo abayithandayo inhlabathi eyayihlotshiswe yizinyoni zezinyoni. Kulula futhi ukubamba ukutheleleka emanzini amajuba.
Izimpawu ze-cryptococcosis ngamajuba zibonakaliswa ngesimo sokunciphisa ukudla (kungakapheli amasonto angu-1 ukuya kwangu-2) nobunzima ekugwineni ukudla. Ezimweni ezinzima zokugula kubantu abagulayo, izimpaphe ekhanda nasezintweni zomlomo ezinamathele ndawonye kanye nama-crusts ama-brown-gray, ngenxa yokuthi ngezinye izikhathi kunzima ukuthi le nyoni ivule umlomo wayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uphawu lwama-hazelnut luvela esifundeni somlenze. I-membrane ye-mucous yesigxobo somlomo ivuvukala futhi iqukethe ubukhulu obuningi obunamahloni. Isikhungo salesi siyingi sinamathele kancane futhi sinezicubu ezifile.
Kubalulekile! Kunzima ukugwinya emva kwamasonto ambalwa kungaholela ekulaleni okuphelele, ngenxa yokuthi ijuba libuthakathaka kakhulu.
Lesi sifo sihambisana nokucindezeleka nokunciphisa i-palpebral fissure, futhi esigabeni esiphuthumayo sesifo, inqubo yokuvuvukala iyadlula.
Imithi yokwelapha eyakhelwe ngokukhethekile ye-cryptococcosis emajuba ayikho. Njenge-hertoplasmosis, izinyoni ziphathwa ngezidakamizwa ze-antimycotic.
Futhi, akukho lutho olukhonakalayo olungashiwo ngezinyathelo zokuvimbela. Konke ongakwenza ukuhlukanisa amajuba aphilile bese usulalisa i-dovecote.
I-fungus idluliselwa kubantu ngokusebenzisa i-respiratory tract, futhi ema-30% amacala lesi sifo siqhubeka ngaphandle kwezimpawu. Kodwa-ke, kuma-70% asele kunomkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela kanye ne-hemoptysis.
I-Cryptococcosis iqala ngezimpawu ze-pulmonary, kodwa uma ungaqali ukwelashwa ngendlela esifike ngesikhathi, ingabangela ukulimala kobuchopho (meningitis, meningoencephalitis).
Esimweni esingapheli sesifo, umuntu unomkhuhlane nge-blood sputum, ubuhlungu besifuba, umkhuhlane we-episodic kanye nama-hallucinations.
I-Toxoplasmosis
I-Toxoplasmosis - isici sesifo sohlobo lwezilwane, izinyoni ngisho nabantu. Kubangelwa umphumela emzimbeni we-protozoal pathogen, i-unicellular mobile parasite, enesakhiwo somzimba esiyinkimbinkimbi.
Ngaphansi kwethonya elangeni, i-Toxoplasma ifa ngokushesha. Futhi, ziyathinteka futhi zilungiswe ama-anti-infiniteant amalungiselelo okusiza ukubhekana nesifo se-parasite engakapheli 5-10 amaminithi ngemuva kokusetshenziswa.
Uyazi? Ngesikhathi sokuqala i-Toxoplasma itholwe ngo-1908. Kwenzeka eNyakatho Afrika lapho ososayensi bahlola isiguli sikaGondi ogulayo. Yingakho indalo ye-unicellular futhi yathola igama elithi "Toxoplasma Gondi."
Ukuqubuka kwe-toxoplasmosis ngamajuba kubonakala emazweni ahlukene futhi kuye kwafakazelwa ukutadisha okungaphezu kokukodwa. Impela iminyango isuke isetshenziswe ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo engakaze yenziwe, kodwa kusobala ukuthi indlela eyinhloko yokudlulisela lesi sifo emajuba yukusetshenziswa kwazo kokudla namanzi angcolile.
I-Toxoplasmosis ngamajuba ihambisane nemigqa yesikhukhula, ukunyakaza okunamandla nokunqatshwa kokudla. Ama-paralyzes nawo akhishwe ngaphandle. Abantu abangaba ngu-60% abagulayo bayafa, futhi kwezinye izindawo, lesi sifo sihlala singapheli. Izinyoni ezinjalo zikhulula ngezikhathi ezithile i-pathogen emvelweni kanye ne-droppings, evame ukuthelela abantu.
Ukwelashwa okhethekile kwamajuba we-toxoplasmosis akukakhiwa, futhi ukuvimbela kusekelwe ekufakeni ukungasebenzi kahle ngesikhathi esifanayo kanye nokubhujiswa kwamagundane, okuvame ukuhambisa lesi sifo.
Uma igonywe emzimbeni womuntu, i-Toxoplasma ithuthwa ngegazi ne-lymphatic emzimbeni wonke, ukuma ezinhlotsheni nezicubu ezihlukahlukene.
Sekufinyelele amangqamuzana, i-agent e causative ithola izimo ezihle zokukhiqiza okuqhubekayo, futhi ngenxa yomsebenzi wayo obalulekile, inqubo yokuvuvukala yemvelo ivela (kubangelwa ukufa kwe-cell, izicubu zendawo zesikhumba necrosis kanye nokutholakala kwemisipha).
Uma izivikelo zomzimba womuntu zisesimweni esiphakeme, ukukhiqizwa kwama-parasite angama-nonicellular kuyayeka, futhi ukubhujiswa kwamangqamuzana okuqhubekayo akukhona (inqubo yesifo iyancipha).
Yingakho iningi labantu abathintekayo lesi sifo sitholakala emafomu avamile noma angapheliyo, futhi ezimweni eziningi kunzima kakhulu.
Ifomu eliyinkimbinkimbi yesifo esitholakale (futhi umuntu angabalwa kakade anesandulela-ngculaza) akuyona into engavamile (kuphela ku-0.2-0.3% yeziguli). Ukubonakaliswa kwayo kwemitholampilo kuhluke kakhulu, okwenza kube nzima ukuhlukanisa izimpawu ezivamile kuzo zonke izimo ze-toxoplasmosis kubantu.
Ukubonakaliswa kwalesi sifo kuxhomeke ekukhuselweni kwesiguli, isitho esithintekayo nezinye izici eziningi. Kwezinye izimo, kunyuke kancane ukushisa komzimba, ikhanda, isizungu nobuthakathaka.
Salmonellosis
Salmonellosis - isifo esithathelwanayo samajuba, esanda kwenzeka kaningi. I-agent ye-causative iyinhlangano ye-bacillus ehambayo eqenjini le-Salmonella, elihlukaniswa izinga eliphansi lokumelana nama-disinfectants futhi ngokushesha lifa kubo.
I-Salmonella ingakwazi ukuhlala ngokuphepha emanzini, kudoti noma kudoti, futhi kwezinye izimo, i-pathogen iyatholakala ngisho nasegokolweni lamaqanda (ikakhulukazi inkukhu).
Lesi sifo sande kuwo wonke amazwe omhlaba, hhayi nje kuphela phakathi kwabokufuywayo kodwa futhi phakathi kwamanye amajuba asendle (cishe 30-40%). Ngaphezu kwalokho, yilokho okubangela ukulahlekelwa kwezinyoni ezinkulu.
I-Salmonellosis ibonakala ngezibonakaliso ezinhlobonhlobo, okucacile ukuthi kuncike esimweni sejuba, izimo zezinyoni kanye ne-virulence ye-pathogen. Lesi sifo singenzeka emafenini angavamile futhi aqinile.
Esikhathini sokuqala, amajuba avela enempilo ngokuphelele noma enezibonakaliso ezincane zezifo, ngenkathi ehlala emthonjeni omkhulu wokutheleleka. Kubantu abadala, ukuchithwa kweqanda elingalingani, ukufa kwemibungu kanye nokuphakama kwamaqanda okuzala. Osemncane amajuba, isifo esiyingozi kakhulu.
Esikhathini salmonellosis esinzima (okubonakala kakhudlwana ezinyoni ezibuthakathaka), amaphuphu enqaba ukudla nokufa eneminyaka eyi-8-14. Amajuba amancane awanandaba, alahlekelwe amandla abo okuhamba, aphuza okuningi futhi adle kancane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bebelokhu bephazamisa izimpaphe futhi kuvame ukucasula emathunjini. Konke lokhu kuvame ukuphela ngokufa kwezinyoni ezinsukwini ezingama-50-70.
Kanti futhi uhlukanise uhlobo lwesisu, isisu kanye nesifo sezinzwa. Esikhathini sokuhluka kwamathumbu emathunjini, uhudo oluqhubekayo luyabonakala, luqukethe i-mucus negazi esitokisini, ngenxa yalokho imihlobiso yomsila yenyoni ingcolile kakhulu.
Ifomu le-articular libhekwa ngokugubha nokuthuthumela emaphethelweni. Emagabeni okuqala ekuthuthukiseni lesi sifo, imisipha yamaphiko ingcono kakhulu, kodwa kungekudala ukungezwani kuyanyamalala, futhi ngaphansi kwesikhumba, endaweni yamalungu, ama-nodules amancane avela. Ngenxa yalokho, le njiwa ayikwazi ukuhamba nokuhamba.
Ifomu le-salmonellosis elinesabekayo livezwe ngombuso oqhakazile, okuyiwona, ongajwayelekile, kungenzeka ukuthi uyingozi. Ezigaba zokuqala zokuthuthukiswa kwesifo, izimpawu zesibindi zivela ngezikhathi ezithile, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ijuba liwela emuva futhi lifa.
Ngemuva kokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa, ungaqhubeka nokwelashwa kwe-salmonellosis ngamajuba. Ngenxa yalokhu, imithi yanamuhla isetshenziselwa ukulinganisa okwenziwe umenzi.
Abantu abasha (izinkukhu) bavame ukushiwo i-chloramphenicol, i-enroflon, i-ampicillin, i-baytril, nezinye izidakamizwa ezifanayo. Kodwa-ke, ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa ngokwanele kuphela okwanele, futhi kuzodingeka wenze izinyathelo eziningi ezengeziwe ezizosiza ukuvimbela ukusakazeka kwesifo.
Ukuvimbela i-salmonellosis kuhlanganisa izinyathelo ezihloswe ekuthuthukiseni ukudla kanye nemibandela yenkukhu, ukwenza izinyathelo zokulwela izilwane kanye nezokuphepha kanye nokugonywa okuphoqelekile kwamajuba.
Ukutheleleka kwe-Salmonella, okuyinto engadluliselwa kubantu nge-pigeon droppings, ithinta indlela yokugaya.
Ukuqala kwalesi sifo kubonakala ngokubonakaliswa okuphawulekayo: ukushisa komzimba kuphakama, ukukhanda ikhanda, ukushaywa indiva, ukunxanxathela nokuhlanza kubonakala. I-Salmonellosis nayo iyingozi kubantu ngoba ingathinta inhliziyo, imithwalo yegazi namalungu.
Uyazi? Enkolweni yobuKhristu, ijuba libhekwa njengophawu loMoya oNgcwele, e-Islam kubhekwa njengokuphefumulelwa nguNkulunkulu, futhi ngokukhululeka kuyisimangaliso sokungabi nalutho.
Isifo se-Newcastle
Kwaphela isikhathi eside kwakucatshangwa ukuthi isifo se-Newcastle sisebenza kuphela kubamele abalandeli bezinkukhu. Kuze kube ngu-1970, kwakungenalwazi oluncane mayelana nokugula okungenzeka kunamajuba, ikakhulukazi ngoba ukuhlukaniswa kwegciwane nokuthayipha kwalo akuzange kwenziwe. Ezimweni eziningi, lesi sifo sasiyinkimbinkimbi futhi sithinteka kuphela izinyoni ezizimele.
Nokho, emva kwe-epizootic, eyavela ngo-1970-1972 futhi yabangela ukulahlekelwa okukhulu, amajuba aqala ukukhokha kakhulu izifo. Igciwane elihlukaniswe nabo lingelaqembu le-paramyxoviruses ye-avian serogroup-1.
Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-4-5 emva kokutheleleka, amajuba aqala ukukhombisa izibonakaliso zempilo zesifo. Ukuze uthole igciwane ngalesi sikhathi, kuncane ngokwanele ukuqala ukukhiqiza okusebenzayo emzimbeni wenyoni futhi uphume nge-mucus we-tracheal kanye ne-droppings.
Izimpawu zomtholampilo zesifo seNewcastle ngamajuba, okubangelwa yizinkinga ze-cyclogenic zegciwane, zibe nezici zazo siqu. Emagabeni okuqala ekuthuthukiseni lesi sifo, ijuba liba buthakathaka, lingenandaba, lingenandaba, futhi lihlala njalo isikhathi esithombeni, ngamehlo avaliwe.
Le nyoni iphendula kabi emvelweni, futhi ngemva kwesikhathi iqala ukukhula ukukhubazeka kwamalungu, umsila nentamo.
Abanye abakhiqizi bezinhlanzi banqamuka emagcekeni abo okubangelwa ukungena kokukhanya okukhanyayo endlini yomhlanga. Ukuhlaselwa kunamandla kangangokuthi ijuba liwela eceleni kwalo bese liguqula ikhanda layo ngokuqinile. Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kwenzeka ngesikhathi sezindiza, ngenxa yalokho inyoni iwa khona ukuphakama futhi iqala ukuhamba ngendlela ehlelekile.
Kubalulekile! Ngokungafani nezinkukhu, ngamajuba lesi sifo siqhubeka ifomu lokusinda futhi ngokuvamile sibhekene nesifo se-system central yezinzwa. Ukufa kwamanye amajuba kusuka e-Newcastle isifo kusuka ku-10% kuya ku-70% futhi kwenzeka ezinsukwini ezingu-2-9 ngemuva kokubonakala kokuqala kwempawu zomtholampilo.Isigaba sokugcina sokuthuthukiswa kwesifo yilona ukuchithwa okuphelele kwejuba.
Ekubonisweni kokuqala kwalesi sifo, kubalulekile ukuletha inyoni egulayo emtholampilo wezilwane, lapho odokotela bengenza khona ukuhlonza kahle.
Ukuthuthwa kwejuba elinjalo kufanele kwenziwe ngokuvumelana nayo yonke imithetho ukuze kukhishwe amathuba okusabalala kwegciwane (faka ijuba ebhokisini elihlukile, elingenakutholakala, ngemuva kokwenza izindiza eziningana emoyeni kulo).
Ngemuva kokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa, abanye abalimi bezinhlanzi basebenzisa izidakamizwa ezinhlobonhlobo ezihloswe ekuthuthukiseni isimo sejuba (isibonelo, amavithamini nama-tranquilizers), noma kunjalo, banikwe ingozi yokusabalala kwegciwane, ukwelashwa akufanelekile.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi usheshe uphilise i-pigeon indlu nezinto zokunakekelwa, bese ugomela izinyoni ezisele ngenomuthi oqukethe igciwane elibuthakathaka. Izilwane ezincane nazo zigonywe, zigoma ngomuthi wokugoma "B" noma "La Sota" ngendlela ye-intranasal.
Kubalulekile ukugcina ukuhlanzeka ezindlini zamajuba, nokudla kwamajuba kufanele kukhethwe ngokucabangela ukuzalwa, iminyaka yobudala kanye nonyaka wokuzala. Abantu abasha kudingeka bahlukaniswe nokubunjwa okuyinhloko kuze kube yizinsuku ezingu-30, futhi izinyoni zingangeniswa kuphela emazweni lapho isifo seNewcastle esingavamile.
Kubalulekile ukunciphisa ukuxhumana kwezinkukhu ezifuywayo nezinyoni zasendle, okungenzeka kube umthombo wokutheleleka. Ukuze uvimbele izinyoni ezivela ezindizeni ezindizeni, kudingekile ukuthi uvale amafasitela kanye ne-air vents ngegridi enobukhulu besisindo se-1.5x1.5 cm.
Njengoba ubona, zonke izinyathelo zokuvimbela zisekelwe ekusetshenzisweni komuthi wokugoma. Kokubili izidakamizwa ezifuywayo nezangaphandle zisetshenziswe ngempumelelo iminyaka eminingi yokwandisa ingculazi yamajuba, kanti isalokhu ingenabungozi ngokuphelele kubo.
Isifo se-Newcastle - esinye sezifo ezithandekayo kakhulu, ngoba izimpawu zalo zidideka kalula ngomswakama ovamile, okuvimbela ukuxilongwa okufanele nokuphathwa okufika ngesikhathi. Nokho, kufanele nakanjani uqaphele i-conjunctivitis nokushisa okuphakeme kakhulu.
Uma ungaphenduli ngesikhathi sokuqala kwesifo, izinhlelo zokuphefumula, ukugaya ukudla kanye nezinhlelo zezinzwa zizohlupheka. Nokho, kubantu, lesi sifo asiyingozi njengamajuba.
Indlela yokuzisindisa wena
Kunzima ukutheleleka nganoma yisiphi isifo kusuka ezinyoni zomgwaqo, kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi lokhu ngeke kwenzeke kuwe. Nakuba amacala anjalo ayengavamile, kodwa ukungahambisani nemithetho yokuhlanzeka kungabangela imiphumela engathandeki ngokuphelele.
Iningi lezifo zezinkukhu ziyadluliselwa kubantu kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamaqanda aluhlaza noma uma izinhlayiya zezinyosi zingena emathangeni emathunjini.
Ngakho-ke, uma udla amajuba ngokuphonsa ukudla ku-asphalt noma usebenzisa abahlinzeki ngalokhu, ingozi yokuthola isifo esingathandeki isanciphisa kuze kube yilapho. Yiqiniso, uma uthanda ukunikeza izinyoni ukudla okuvela ezandleni zabo, into esemqoka ukuwageza ngokushesha.
Ukuze uzivikele ezifweni, futhi awukwazi ukuthinta abantu abagulayo- lokhu kufanele kwenziwe kuphela ochwepheshe. Ukulala, ukuqothula kwamehlo, ukukhwehlela nokulahla ukudla kukhona phakathi kwezibonakaliso zokuqala zesifo ngamajuba.
Uma ijuba eligulayo selifikile emkheneni wakho, kungaba ngcono ukumyisa ku-vet ngokucophelela. Kodwa-ke, uma ungafuni ukuyibeka engozini, umane uyisuse, bese wenza ukuhlanza okumanzi nama-disinfectants.
