I-Aphid mhlawumbe ingenye yezitha ezivame kakhulu zensimu, ingadi kanye nezitshalo zokushisa. Lezi zinambuzane eziyingozi zitholakala cishe yonke indawo, kanti isikhathi somsebenzi wayo ononya sihlala kuyo yonke inkathi - kusukela entwasahlobo kuze kube seqhwa. I-omnivorousness ye-disest ishaya futhi: i-aphid enesifiso esifanayo idabula izimbali, izihlahla zezithelo, amajikijolo nemifino.
Njengomphumela womsebenzi walesi sigaba esincane segazi, ukwephulwa komjikelezo wokuphila kwesitshalo kwenzeka: kuyeka ukukhula, ukulahlekelwa izimbali nama-ovari, amaqabunga amaqabunga kanye namahlumela asuke ekhubazekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izidakamizwa ezinamafutha aphid, eziseleqabini kanye nama-stem plate, ziyindawo enhle ekuthuthukiseni izifo ezihlukahlukene zefungal, ngenxa yalokho umkhiqizo ongcolile, izinqubo ze-photosynthesis ziphazamiseka futhi isitshalo singashona. 
Okokugcina, i-aphid ngokwayo iyisihambi sezifo ezihlukahlukene ezibangelwa amagciwane: isuka esitshalweni esinegciwane ibe enempilo futhi ihambisa ama-virus ngqo emathiswini ngenkathi isela ijusi kuyo, inambuzane ikhuthaza ukusabalala kokutheleleka ezihlahleni nasezihlahleni, njengomuntu osuleleke okhushulwa ngumkhuhlane, ukuzwakalisa ngenkuthalo ezokuthutha umphakathi.
Uyazi? I-Aphid iyakwazi ukwandisa ngokushesha kakhulu. Ukukhulelwa kanye namaqanda okulala ngokuvamile akwenzeki, njengoba umthetho, izinambuzane ziyi-asexual. Noma kunjalo, ngezikhathi ezithile esizukulwaneni kungavela abantu abangabodwa abanezici zocansi, okuthi, ukufaka umquba, kuvusa inzalo efanayo.
Aphid: incazelo yezinambuzane
I-Aphid iyinambuzane encane, ebonwa ngamehlo enjenge-dot elimnyama ka-0.5 mm ngobukhulu (noma kunjalo, ezinye izinhlobo ze-aphid zifinyelela ku-7 mm ngobude). Eqinisweni, legazi elincane elifana negazi libukeka njengenhlanzi egobile noma ukwehla. Insect ingaba kokubili engenamaphiko nephikoEsikhathini esilandelayo, izitho ezindizayo ze-aphid zimelelwa ngamabili amaphiko amaphiko avulekile: ngaphambili nangesikhathi esifushane.
Izinhlayiya ze-aphid zihluke kakhulu - lezi zinambuzane zingaba mnyama, ziluhlaza, zimpunga, zibomvu, ziluhlaza futhi zibala. Izinhlobo ezifanayo zingashintsha umbala njengoba zikhula, ngaphezu kwalokho, umbala wezinambuzane uxhomeke ekudleni okuwusebenzisa. 
I-aphid engenamaphiko ayikwazi ukuhamba amabanga amade, inambuzane enjalo isebenzisa ingxenye enkulu yempilo yayo endaweni engalinganiselwe, isebenzisa imilenze emide ihamba ngaphakathi kwesitshalo esisodwa noma ngaphezulu.
I-aphid enamaphiko iba lapho ubukhulu bekholoni bukhula kakhulu kangangokuba ngaphakathi kwendawo eseduzane akukho lutho lwezinambuzane okufanele zidle. Abantu abanjalo abanamaphiko badlulela ensimini entsha bese bakha khona enye ikoloni yezinambuzane.
I-pupa ayifuni kuma-aphid, izinambuzane eziphilayo zivela kumaqanda okugcoba, noma zizalwa ngokuqondile kumuntu omdala (futhi ngokuvamile i-aphid cub izalwa kakade ikhulelwe).
I-Aphid emithini yezithelo, yimiphi imiphumela
I-Aphid ingabangela ukulimaza ensimini yezithelo, okulinganiselwe ukuthi akunakuqhathaniswa nesayizi encane ye-disest ngokwayo. Ukwenza amakoloni engxenyeni yangaphakathi yamaqabunga, izinambuzane ziyakwazi ukuhlala zingabonakali isikhathi esithile, ngenxa yalokho, emva kokutholakala kwezinambuzane, sekuvele kudingekile ukuba silwe nama-aphid emithini yezithelo ezithelelekile. 
Ngaphezu kokuncelisa ijusi kusuka efihlekile, amaqabunga, amahlumela amancane, amaqabunga nezimbali, i-aphid ekhishwa enobuthi emthini wezithelo. Ngenxa yalokho, kuye ngokuthi isikhathi senzeke kanjani, ukuhluma kwehla, amaqabunga aphikisana nezibhubhu bese efa, amaqabunga, uma engakavulwa, amane aphule, izimbali zifana nezindwangu zamapayipi, i-ovary ayifuni emva kokukhubazeka okunjalo.
Uma ukulwa nama-aphid emithini yezithelo ezinjalo kungeke kwenziwe, bangakwazi ukuyeka ukukhula ngokuphelele.
Funda indlela yokubhekana nama-aphid ku-apula, iklabishi, i-currants, i-plums, ukhukhamba, i-Kalina, i-dill.
Mayelana nemikhumbi eshiywe ama-aphid kumaqabunga, ngenxa yalokho inqubo ye-photosynthesis imiswe okwesikhashana, futhi umuthi ubonakala otheleleke yi-fungus, sekushiwo ngenhla. Ingozi yama-aphid yezihlahla zezithelo nayo ibangelwa ukuthi amahlumela amancane, ama-juice lapho inkathazo ethanda ukuyidla khona, iba buthakathaka kangangokuthi ayikwazi ukusinda ngisho nobusika obunzima kakhulu. 
Okokugcina, umuthi othintwa yi-aphid ulahlekelwa ikhono lakhe lokulwa nezifo ezihlukahlukene nezinye izinambuzane.
Kunezinhlobo ezihlukene ze-aphid ezakhela ukukhula konke emagatsheni emithi - galls. Izilonda ukuthi ngenxa yamathumba anjalo, kuthinta amagatsha esihlahla, angawabulala ngokuphelele.
Ama-aphid emithini engadini: indlela yokubhekana nale nkathazo
Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-aphid, ezingahlukaniswa kuphela komunye nomunye usosayensi ochwepheshe. Ngenhlanhla, ukufakwa komuntu okunjalo, ngokujwayelekile, akudingeki, ngoba izixazululo ze-aphid ezihlahleni zezithelo zihle kakhulu kunoma yiliphi abameleli balezi zinambuzane. 
Kunezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokubhekana nama-aphid: ama mechanical, biological, amakhemikhali, okuvimbela. Indlela yokuqeda ama-aphid ngokuqondile emithini incike ekuthandweni komuntu wesimayini, izinga lomonakalo, kanye nesikhathi lapho ama-aphid ehlelwa khona esihlahleni (ukuhluma, ukuvuna, ukubunjwa kwama-ovari, ukuqala noma ukuphela kwe-fruiting).
Izindlela eziphilayo zokubhekana nama-aphid ezihlahleni
Emvelweni, ama-aphid anabo bobabili abasizi kanye nezitha. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ikhambi elihle kakhulu lama-aphid emithi yi-ladybug.
Uyazi? Ngosuku olulodwa kuphela i-ladybug encane ingadla kalula amakhulu amabili kulawa ma-bloodsuckers enyanyekayo!
Abanye abahlengikazi bezihlahla zezithelo, ngokwesibonelo, izimpukane zezimbali (igama elidumile yi-hoverfly), uboya (ama-eyed golden) nezinye izinambuzane, kanye nezinyoni. Abasizi ekulwa nama-aphid bangabhekwa njengezintuthwane ezibomvu. Abafaki ama-aphid ngokwabo, kodwa abhubhisa izintuthwane zomhlaba omnyama, okungekho, hhayi kuphela abathengisi, kodwa futhi abavikeli bemvelo bama-aphid. 
Kusobala ukuthi lezi zinambuzane nezinyoni kufanele zikhishwe ngandlela-thile ensimini yakho, noma okungenani ukugwema izenzo ezingasusa izitha zemvelo zama-aphid. Zonke lezi zinambuzane ezizuzisayo zinqotshwa utshani obomile namaqabunga afile, ngakho-ke, ukushisa izinto ezinjalo ekwindla, balimi balimaza "abangane" babo.
Kubalulekile! Izintuthwane ezimnyama - abasakazeli bama-aphid - azikwazi ukuchithwa ngomlilo: zihlala zijulile ngokwanele emhlabathini ukuze zingafi lapho kushiya amahlamvu.
Ukuze wenze insimu ibonakale ikhangele ama-ladybirds, ungasebenzisa amanye amacebo: isibonelo, kufanele utshale i-tansy, i-nettle, i-dill, i-yarrow, i-daisies nezinye izitshalo ezifana nalezi zinhlanzi ezibomvu phakathi kwezihlahla zezithelo. 
Kunconywa ukuba unakekele ubusika bezintombikazi: lokhu akudingeki ushise, kepha, ngokuphambene, shiya izinhlanzi zobumile obomile ekhoneni legadi, ngokufanele - ukuqongelela okumbi. Abanye baze bathole nesikhathi sokwakha izindlu ezincane ezinambuzane eziwusizo - into ehambelana nezindawo zokudla, ezincane kakhulu.
Kulula nakakhulu ngale njongo ukuguqula ithubhu yekhadibhodi, ihlanganiswe utshani noma ezinye izinto ekugcineni kanye nokufakwa ensimini phakathi kwamaqabunga owomile.
Indlela ehlakaniphile yokuqala izinyonikazikazi ensimini ukuthenga nje iphakheji ngezimbungulu esitolo esithile esikhethekile (izinambuzane, impela, ngezinye izikhathi zidayiswa ngokukhethekile).
Indlela "yokuhlanekezela" yokubhekana nama-aphid yizindlela eziphilayo ukutshala izitshalo ensimini ukuthi i-aphid ngokwayo ayibekezelele. Isibonelo, i-henbane, i-basil, izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-elderberry, ugwayi, i-dandelion, i-sorrel, i-horseradish, anyanisi, i-garlic, isinaphi, umhlonyane, i-tansy ne-yarrow. Kusukela emibala ye-ala, angithandi iphunga le-buttercups, marigolds, dandelions, i-chernobrivtsev (i-marigolds), i-chamomile, yemifino - pepper enomunyu, amazambane, utamatisi. 
Ezinye zalezi zitshalo zingasetshenziswa njengesisekelo sokuphalaza izihlahla ezithintekile ama-aphid. Isibonelo, kunconywa ukuthi usike izihlahla ezinomhlonyane ngommese noma izingubo, uthele amanzi abilayo uphinde ufune amahora amaningana. Ngemuva kwalokho, hlukana, engeza kancane kunoma yimuphi umuthi we-soapy ukuze ugcine kangcono uketshezi oluthile emkhakheni weqabunga, uphinde uphefe izihlahla ngokukhululekile, uqaphele ngemuva kwamacembe.
Isixazululo sokusetshenziswa komuthi omdala ngasinye singamalitha ayisihlanu. Ama-Aphid amalungiselelo emithi yezithelo angenziwa ngokuzimela ngendlela efanayo ngendlela esebenzisa amaqabunga kagwayi, ikhasi le-anyanisi, u-garlic oqoshiwe, ama-inflorescences kanye nama-chamomile, amaqabunga e-dandelion nezimpande, i-sorrel yamahhashi, izithelo ze-pepper eshisayo, isisindo se-celandine, izinhlamvu ze-pine, ikhasi lezithelo ze-citrus , amazambane noma izithombo zomunwe, njll. 
Uma uphefa izihlahla ezinjalo zezitshalo nezifo, kuyadingeka ukuba ulandele imithetho ethile yokuqapha. Okokuqala, ukugxila okuphezulu kwezinto ezisebenzayo noma ukupunika emini emini ekhanyayo kungabangela ukushisa emaqabunga.
Okwesibili, ezinye izitshalo azilimazi hhayi kuphela izinhlanzi, kodwa futhi nezitha zayo zemvelo, ngaphezu kwalokho, umuntu angathola ubuthi ngesikhathi senqubo.
Kunoma yikuphi, ukufiphala kufanele kwenziwe emasikini okuzivikela kanye nama-gloves futhi ungasebenzisi le ndlela yokubhekana nama-aphid phakathi nenkathi ye-fruiting okungenani amasonto amabili (noma okungcono - hhayi ngaphansi kwenyanga) ngaphambi kokuvuna. 
Kubalulekile! Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi uma izitshalo ezithile zisabisa ama-aphid, abanye, ngokuphambene nalokho, bayakhanga. Kulo mbono, akufanele utshale i-begonia, i-nasturtium, i-mallow, i-petunia, i-poppy, ne-legumes eceleni kwezihlahla zezithelo. I-Kalina, i-cherry ye-bird ne-linden kufanele itshalwe ngaphandle kwensimu, njengoba nazo ziyizintandokazi zama-aphid.
Izindlela zamakhemikhali zokuvikela ingadi kusuka kuma-aphid
Njengoba umkhuba ubonisa, ungabhubhisa ama-aphid emithini ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amakhemikhali anobuthi. Nokho, ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, ukungenelela kwamakhemikhali kungadingeka.
Uma ukhetha ukuthi yini ongayisebenzisa ukubhubhisa ama-aphid ezitshalweni, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi, ngokungafani nezinye izinambuzane eziningi, i-aphid inegobolondo elincane kakhulu, ngakho-ke ukuqeda kulula kakhulu ngosizo lwaluphi ukulungiselela amakhemikhali. Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, Akufanele usebenzise izinhlungu ezinzima kakhulu. 
Kunconywa ukuyeka ukunakekelwa kumalungiselelo aqukethe ama-esters. Kuhle kakhulu kusiza ukuqeda ama-aphid okwenziwa ngokwemvelo (i-flax neminqumo) insipho emnyama enambuzane. Futhi izidakamizwa eziboniswe kahle ezifana ne-fufanon ne-Intavir.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhetha isikhathi esifanele nendlela yokucubungula. Kungcono ukufeza kuqala izihlahla ngaphambi kokuqothula.
Izinqubo ezengeziwe zixhomeke ezingeni lokungcola kanye nesimo sengqondo samasimidi ekusetshenzisweni kwamakhemikhali. Ngokuvamile, akukho okwehliswa okwedlula kathathu okwenziwa ngenkathi ngayinye, kepha okwakamuva, njengoba nje nokusetshenziswa kwamathunya emvelo, akunakwenziwa ngaphezu kwamasonto amathathu ngaphambi kokuvuna.
Uma izinambuzane sezivele zibonakala emaqabunga, ukwelashwa kwenziwa ngokuxhumana: lokhu kuvumela ukuthi izinambuzane zibulawe ngethonya eliqondile langaphandle kulo. Uhlangothi olubi lwalolu daba ukuthi ukuphumelela kwalo kuxhomeke kunemvula (noma imvula engalindelekile ingayinaki yonke imizamo yomlimi wezamasimu), kanye nokugqama kokwelashwa (ubuthi bubulala kuphela izinambuzane ezixhumana ngqo). 
Njengoba i-aphid ivame ukufihla ngemuva kwamagqabi, kodwa futhi ngaphakathi ngaphakathi kwiphubhu lapho iphikisiwe, indlela yokuxhumana yokuxhumana ayivumeli ukufeza umgomo. Usizo kuleli cala lungangena ezinambuzane eziphilayo ezithinta isitshalo sesitshalo futhi zibulale ama-aphid azidla kuwo ngaphakathi. Le ndlela ibuyele kahle ngoba umuthi ngokushesha ubamba ubuthi kuwo, futhi imvula ayikwazi ukuvimbela ukubhujiswa okuphumelelayo kwenkathazo.
Noma kunjalo, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi noma yiziphi izinyathelo zokuqapha lapho usebenza nezibulala-zinambuzane azikwazi ukuqiniseka ngokugcwele isenzo sabo, okuhloswe kuphela ku-insect eyodwa. Noma imuphi umuthi unemiphumela yaso emibi, okuthinta kabi ezinye izinto eziphilayo, kuhlanganise nabantu. Ngakho-ke, ukusebenzisa ukuvikeleka kwamakhemikhali ngama-aphid kufanele kube namacala aphezulu kakhulu.
Indlela yokuvikela izihlahla zezithelo ezivela kuma-aphid amakhambi abantu
Ngaphandle kokuvikelwa komshini (ukuhlanza ngamanzi noma ukuzulazula izandla) nokupuniza ngesitshalo semifino, ukuvikelwa okuvamile kwe-aphid ukuphuza amaqabunga ngamagciwane omlotha, izixazululo zesobho (umndeni, i-liquid noma i-tar soap isetshenziswa), kanye nezixazululo ze-soda ne-birch tar.
Ukuze uchithe izihlahla zezithelo ngezihlahla ezinjalo ezifanayo zamalitha angu-10 amanzi, kudingekile 300 g umlotha (ukuchithwa okungcono, umlotha ngamanzi ubilisiwe cishe isigamu sehora); I-100 g ye-tar, i-300 g yensipho yasendlini noma i-125 ml yesepha elimanzi. Abanye balimi batusa izindlela zangempela zokuqeda ama-aphid. Ngokuyinhloko, kuthiwa le nkathazo ifa uma umuthi uphonswa nge-vodka noma i-Coca-Cola, isixazululo samafutha e-sunflower (1 tbsp ngalinye ngamaminithi ayi-10 l) amanzi, kanye namanzi ahlanganiswe nekhilimu (1.5 tbsp. Ebhakedeni lamanzi) kanye ne-ethereal umsedari, umuthi wetiyi namafutha we-lavender (cishe ama-50 awela emabhakeni amanzi).
Enye ikhambi elidumile lama-aphid emithini yezithelo yi-fumigation nogwayi (umlilo omncane wenziwe ngama-chips emgodini, ofafazwe uthuli olubhema ugwayi phezulu futhi lapho ubumnyama obumhlophe obuqala ukuwa khona, ungabeka ngaphansi kwesihlahla). Abanye abalobi banikeza izinguqulo ezingaphezulu zokudala zomshukela - ngoba basebenzisa i-raba evuthayo, ama-wipers ahlukahlukene, njll. 
Kungenzeka ukuthi i-aphid ngeke ijabuliswe ngokuthi ichithelwa nge-vodka ne-Coca-Cola futhi igxiliwe ngamathayi avuthayo, kodwa ngicabanga ukuthi indlela enjalo enamandla ingasiza ekuqedeni ama-aphid kuphela, kodwa nakwamakhelwane nasemakhaya (yebo futhi i-vodka emakhaya ingatholakala ukusetshenziswa okufanelekile).
Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukusebenzisa izindlela ezincane zokulawula izinambuzane, okuyinhloko ukuthi yikuphi ukuvimbela.
Ama-aphid emithini yezithelo: amathiphu okuvimbela
Ukuze uqonde ukuthi ungakuvikela kanjani iwundlu engadini, udinga ukuthola ukuthi livelaphi.
Umuntu angathatha inkathazo eqenjini kanye nalabo abaye bathola ezindaweni ezingafundiwe futhi abangafundile ngokwanele izibonakaliso zokutheleleka kwesitshalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinambuzane zingene engadini uma izihlahla zezithelo ezingelashwa zikhula eduze (isibonelo, esiteshini esiseduze esishiyiwe). 
I-aphid ehamba phambili iyinhlamba ebomvu eshiwo ngenhla. Lezi zinambuzane akuzona abathengisi kuphela, kodwa futhi abavikeli bemvelo bama-aphid ezivela kwezinye izilwanyana, ngaphezu kwalokho, "zibavumela" ukuba bachithe kahle ebusika ngaphakathi kwe-anthill. "Ubuhlobo" obunjalo buchazwa ngokulula: izintuthwane zidla i-honeydew ezikhishwe yi-aphid, ukuze ubudlelwano phakathi kwezinambuzane zakhiwe ngokuyisisekelo ngokuphelele.
Ukuqonda lezi zici, kulula ukugwema ukudala izimo ezihle zokusakaza ama-aphid engadini.
Okokuqala, ngenkathi uphatha isitidi sakho kusuka kuma-aphid, kuyadingeka ngesikhathi esisodwa (uma kungenzeka) ukupaka izihlahla ezingcolile endaweni, futhi futhi ungakhohlwa ngotshani lwakho, lapho izinambuzane zingakwazi khona ukuhlala nazo.
Lapho uhlwanyela utshani, kunconywa ukuthi ushiye amaflowflow amaflower, aphethe isikhwama somalusi, izaqathe zasendle. Lezi zitshalo ziheha izilwane ezimbi - izitha zemvelo zama-aphid. 
Kubalulekile ukuthi izintuthwane zivimbele ukufinyelela emithini yezithelo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukuqeda lonke ikoloni, futhi hhayi ukulwa nezimo ngabanye.
Поскольку черные муравьи живут в земле, хорошим способом изгнания их с участка является перекапывание гнезда и обработка его ядом (можно использовать антимоль, карболку, керосин, формалин и т. п.).
Abanye bayeluleka ukufafaza isihlahla esizungeze isixuku nge-mixty of sawdust nge-pepper egayiwe, ama-garlic noma amaqabunga e-tomato (kukholelwa ukuthi izintuthwane azithandi ukukhahlela ngalezi zithiyo), kodwa kubonakala sengathi ziphumelela kakhulu ukuqondisa imizamo yokuxosha izintuthwane kunokuzama ukuvikela umuntu ngamunye izihlahla
Ngokuvamile, kuye kwaphawula ukuthi ubudlelwane bokudla phakathi kwezintuthwane nama-aphid buqinile kangangokuthi kungacatshangwa ukuthi ifomula iyasebenza: izintuthwane zizoshiya - futhi ama-aphid azoshiya.
