Phakathi kwemifino ekhula cishe yonke indawo engadini noma ehlobo ehlobo, utamatisi uhlala endaweni eyodwa ehamba phambili. Ukuzikhulisa ngokwakho kulula. Kudingeka kuphela ukwazi izindawo eziyisisekelo zesitshalo, izici zokunakekelwa nokufunda ukuqonda izinhlobo nezinhlobo.
Abalimi be-Novice bavame ukwesaba ngamagama angajwayelekile, isibonelo, igama elithi "determinant". Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokukhetha ezihlukahlukene zokulima, kubalulekile ukuthola ukuthi lokhu kubhaliswa kubonisa nokuthi kusho ukuthini. Cabanga ngezici zalawo utamatisi esihlokweni sethu. Siphakamisa futhi ukubukela ividiyo ewusizo esihlokweni.
Ulwazi jikelele
Izinga lokukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwamatamatisi kunemibono ephawulekayo. Ungawahlukanisa zibe izinhlobo ezimbili:
- i-interdeterminant;
- inquma.
Kubalulekile: Izinhlobonhlobo zohlobo lokuqala azikhawulelanga phezulu phezulu nge-shayela elimibalabala, ngakho ukukhula kwabo akuyeki. Utamatisi olunjalo uvame ukutshala ezindlini zokugcina izithombo, zifinyelela ubude bamamitha amabili, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngaphezulu, kuye ngezimo, inhlabathi, nokunakekelwa.
Izinhlobonhlobo ezithintekayo ziyeke ukukhula emva kokwakhiwa kwe-ovary ekupheleni kwehlumela ngezithelo. Ukukhula kwamatamatisi alolu hlobo kuqhubeka kusukela ku-stepon, eliseqeleni leqabunga ngaphansi kwebhayisiki elingenhla. I-brush yokuqala yezinhlobonhlobo ezinhlobonhlobo ezinjalo ivela emva kwamaqabunga angama-6-7 weqiniso nangaphansi, ngakho kulula ukuhlukanisa nabo kusukela emkhakheni we-seeding. Esikhathini somuthi omdala, izandla zivela ngaphansi kwamaqabunga angaphansi kwama-3.
Lezi zinhlobo ziye zavuthana ndawonye, azidingi i-garters ephindaphindiwe, ziyashintshwa ukulima endaweni enhle, azidingi ukunamathela njalo. Kunconyelwe ukutshala ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zezulu, kuhlanganise nasezindaweni ezisenyakatho.
Futhi phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo ezinqunyelwe kukhona okujwayelekile. Utamatisi onjalo unesihlahla esinamandla kakhulu, esinesiqu esinamandla futhi akudingeki ukuba siboshwe futhi sisekelwe. I-pastage ayidingi, ukuqina kwisayithi akudali, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi bayithatha isikhala esincane, bayavumela ukuthola isivuno esikhulu ngenxa yemvamisa yokutshala.
Zakhula yonke indawo ngesilinganiso sezimboni emasimini, kusukela ukumelana nesomiso, ukushisa okushisayo, okubandayo. Izithelo zamatamatisi ajwayelekile zigcinwe kahle, azilahlekelwa isethulo ngesikhathi sokuhamba., esakhiwe ehlathini ngobuningi, uvuthwe ngokuthula. Uhlelo lwempande luseduze nendawo, okuvumela isitshalo ukuthi sithole kangcono izakhi kanye nomswakama.
Izinhlobo nokuhlukana kwabo
Izinhlobonhlobo ezinamathemithi, ezinqunyelwe futhi ezinqunywe yi-superdeterminant: yikuphi futhi yikuphi okwehlukile?
- Ukunquma. Izibhamu ezimbali, emva kokuvela kwamaqabunga ama-5-6, zakhiwa zonke amaqabunga amathathu, izinhlobo ezinjalo ngokuvamile zivuthwa ekuqaleni noma ekuqaleni.
- I-semi-determinant. Ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwezibhamu eziyi-10-12 zezimbali, ezibekwe amaqabunga amabili weqiniso, lesi sitshalo siyeka ukukhula, ibhulashi lokuqala lizofakwa emaqabeni ayisishiyagalombili. Kulungile ukulima endaweni zokugcina izithombo, kube nokukhula okuphakeme kakhulu, isikhathi sokuvuthwa siyisilinganiso.
- Superderminant. Ama-brushes amafloral afakwa emaqabungeni angu-1-2, futhi ngemva kokusungulwa kwawo ku-5, kuvela ukudubula, okuzovimba ukukhula kwesitshalo sonke, lezi zinhlobo zivuthwa kuqala.
Izinzuzo nokungalungi
Utamatisi okhulayo walolu hlobo nawo unezinzuzo nezindleko zawo, okumele kucatshangelwe uma ukhetha. Izinzuzo zezinhlobo ezinquma:
- izithelo zakuqala nokuvuthwa kakhulu, okuvumela ukuthi kungadli nje ukudla utamatisi ngokushesha, kodwa futhi ukuqala ukwenza amalungiselelo ebusika;
- Izihlahla zalawo utamatisi zinama-squat amaningi futhi azihle, ikakhulukazi ezijwayelekile;
- bambalwa okudingeka bakhishwe;
- cishe akudingi i-garter, ngokuyinhloko kuphela ngokubunjwa kwenani elikhulu lezithelo;
- Kunconywa ukulima kunoma yiziphi izimo zezulu, kuhlanganise nasezindaweni ezisenyakatho ezibandayo naseSiberia;
- akufanele nje kuphela ukutshala endaweni yokushisa, kepha nasemhlabathini ovulekile.
Ububi balezi zinhlobo:
- usayizi wesithelo ungahluka kakhulu;
- isivuno esiphelele asikona kakhulu, ekupheleni kokukhula isitshalo singavuma ukwakha ama-ovaries amasha;
- badinga inamba enkulu yokugqoka ngamaminerali amaminerali;
- ukumelana okuncane kwezitshalo ezifweni ezihlukahlukene ngenxa yenani elikhulu lama-ovari.
Ukuhlukaniswa
Kunenhlobo enkulu yezinhlobonhlobo ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo zemvelo, kusukela unikezwe ethandwa kakhulu ngabalimi. Kufanele zikhethwe ngesisekelo sezimo zezulu zendawo yokutshala, isimo somhlabathi nezinye izimo zokukhula. Kumele ufunde ngokucophelela izindawo ezihlukahlukene kanye nemithetho yokunakekelwa kwayo.
I-Turbojet
Lokhu kuyinhlobonhlobo ephezulu yokunquma, evunyiwe ekuqaleni. Isihlahla sikhula sibe ngu-40 cm, asidingi pasynkovanii. Ziningi izithelo, ezizungezile, ezilinganiselwa ku-80 g. Kudinga i-garter ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwesitshalo. Ukuphikisana nezifo ezifayo nezifo. Sebenzisa lezi utamatisi fresh, kanye nezikhala. Ihlukana nekhwalithi yokugcina empofu, ukuthutha nokugcina isikhathi esisezingeni elisha akufanelekile.
I-Alpha
Ibanga elidlulele phambili. Bushe kuze kufike ku-50 cm ubude, akudingeki ukuba ugwetshwe. Efanelekayo ezindaweni ezibandayo, ikhula kokubili ngaphansi kwekhava lefilimu nasemhlabathini ovulekile. Izithelo zenza okuningi, ezilinganisa ukufika ku-80 g, ezizungezile. Utamatisi afanele ukusetshenziswa okusha nokucubungula.. Ukuphikisana ne-phytophthora nezinye izifo ezifanayo.
I-Valentine
Izinhlobonhlobo ezindala zokuguga. Isihlahla sine-semi-sprawling, kuze kube ngu-70 cm ukuphakama, sidinga i-garter nokugxila okuyingxenye. Izithelo zithandwa, isikhumba esibucayi, esifaneleka kakhulu salting kanye nokusetshenziswa okusha, esilinganisa amagremu ayi-100. Ngokuvamile akuhambisani nokweqa, ngisho nokuntuleka komswakama. Izinhlobonhlobo ziphikisana nesomiso.
Buka ividiyo mayelana nezici zezitamatisi zika-Valentina:
Ukuqhuma
Ukuvuthwa kokuqala. Izihlahla ezinotamatisi zalezi zinhlobonhlobo zihamba, zidinga ukuhlunga okulinganayo, kodwa azidingi i-garter. Kuze kube ngu-50 cm high. Izithelo ziyindilinga, ziphathwe kancane, zifinyelele ku-120 g isisindo. Ibekezelela ukubandisa, kunconywa ezindaweni ezisenyakatho.. Ukulwa nesomiso nezifo ezinkulu. Ukuvuna kusetshenziselwa okusha, ukuze kulondolozwe. Awulahlekelwa iphrezentheshini yayo ngesikhathi sokugcina nokuhamba.
Buka ividiyo mayelana nezici zezinhlobonhlobo ze-utamatisi "Ukuqhuma":
I-Openwork
Utamatisi ophakathi kwe-hybrid. Shrub kuze kube ngu-90 cm ubude, kudinga ukuboshwa emva kokuvela kwenani elikhulu lezithelo. I-Pasynkov yakha kancane. Izithelo isisindo esivela ku-300 kuya ku-500 amagremu, isisindo siphezulu, singenakuqhekeka. Kuphikisana nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu: kubanda, isomiso, izinguquko ngokuzumayo ekushiseni. Akunasifo sezifo. Kudinga ukunakekelwa okuhle, ukukhulelwa okufika ngesikhathi.
Bourgeois
I-mid-season hybrid. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla kungaphezu kwamamitha, kudinga i-garter kanye ne-stage partial. Izithelo ezinesisindo esingama-gramu angu-200, ezizungezile, eziphikisana nokuqhekeka, i-lezhki kakhulu nezokuthutha, zigcina isethulo sabo kuze kube yinyanga eyodwa nesigamu. Ukumelana nokushisa, kubekezelela ukuntuleka kokukhanya, izinguquko zokushisa. Ukumelene ne-Verticillus, i-apical ne-equine rot. Ayifanele kakhulu ukusetshenziswa okusha ngenxa yokunambitheka kakhulu..
Alaska
Izinhlobo ezivuthiwe zakuqala. I-shrub ifinyelela ku-60 cm ukuphakama, kudinga ukuhlanganisa nokulinganisela ukuchofoza. Izithelo zePloskookrugly zifinyelela ububanzi bamagremu ayi-100, ezifanelekile zokusetshenziswa kwe-salting nokusetshenziswa okusha, azifanelekile ukuhamba nokugcina isikhathi eside. Ukuphikisana negciwane lokwelapha ugwayi, i-cladosporia, i-fusarium wilt. Kuhle ukukhula ezimweni ezibandayo.
Cameo
Ukuvuthwa okuvuthwa kakhulu ekuqaleni. Isihlahla sine-branching ephakathi, sifinyelela ku-50 cm ukuphakama, izingane zokutholwa zakhiwe kancane, azidingi ukuhlanganisa. Izithelo zobuningi bomzimba, ezilinganiselwa ku-80 g, zinambitheka kahle, zisetshenziselwa kokubili ifomu elisha, futhi zigcinwa ezihlukahlukene. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zibekezelela ngokugcwele ukushisa okushisa nokubandayo, ama-ovari akhiwa ngisho nangaphansi kwezimo ezimbi.. Ukuphikisana nokulimala okwesikhashana, igciwane lesithombe sokubhema, i-Septoria.
Okunye
Okuthandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabo:
- I-Ultra ekuqaleni: Grotto, Alenka, Altaechka, Umuntu obalulekile, Umholi we-Pink, Pink Bush.
- Ukuvuthwa kokuqala: Yamal, Oak, Honey Cream, Aurora, Call Eternal, Sanka Golden.
- Phakathi nonyaka: Adeline, Aisan, Watercolor, Akulina, Nobleman, Yaks.
Ngenxa yokuthi izinhlobo ezincane zikhula kahle emkhakheni ovulekile, azifisi kakhulu futhi zinezinye izinzuzo eziningi, zifuna kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi bemifino. Ngisho nomsimu wesimanje uyakwazi ukuthola isivuno esifisa. Kubalulekile ukucabangela izici ezihlukile ezihlukahlukene, izimo zezulu zendawo yokutshala, isimo somhlabathi, nokusebenza kahle kwezolimo.
