Ukhula

Indlela yokulwa nokukhipha ukhula kusuka engadini, ukufunda izindlela

Yonke insimu iyazi ukuthi ukuze udle izitshalo zakhe ezikhulile nezomvelo, amajikijolo, udinga ukulwa njalo nezimila ezikhukhumezayo - ukhula. Kunezindlela eziningi zokususa ukhula kusuka engadini: amakhemikhali, ama mechanical, ngisho nabantu. Ukuze izitshalo ezinamaprotheni zingavimbeli ukukhula okunempilo kwezitshalo nezithelo zezithelo, hhayi ukususa umswakama, ukukhanya kwelanga kanye nezakhi ezivela kubo, kudingeka ukhethe izindlela ezifanele zokulawula ukhula.

Ngokususelwa ngobukhulu besayithi, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezitshalo-umonakalo kanye nomonakalo ongabangela ingadi, kufanele ukhethe indlela enhle kakhulu futhi ephumelelayo yokubhekana nokhula ezweni.

Yisiphi ingozi ukhula ukhula

Ukhula luyingozi nezitha ezimbi zezitshalo ezihlwanyelwe. Zivela ensimini ngokufika kwentwasahlobo futhi zanda ngesikhathi sokukhula kwezitshalo ezitshalwe. Kunezindlela eziningana indlela ukhula olufika ngayo ku-dacha, okunye okukhona kuwo wonke umhlaba. Izinhlamvu zezitshalo ezithile zokhula zihlala emhlabathini njalo futhi ziqala ukukhula ngokugcwele lapho izimo ezihle zivela, isibonelo, emva kwemvula. Kukhona amathuba okuphakama kwezitshalo ezidliwayo ezifaka engadini ngokusebenzisa ama-fertilizer eziphilayo. Ukunakekelwa kufanele kuthathwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umquba noma umquba oletha kuwo ukugqoka okuphezulu kungaphansi kokwelashwa okudingekile. Izithuthi zokhula zingaphinde zingene engadini ngokusebenzisa ukuthenga okungekho emakethe okuthengwa emakethe okuzenzekelayo. Ngakho-ke, ukuze ugweme imiphumela embi, kungcono ukuthenga izithombo noma imbewu ezitolo ezikhethekile.

Futhi ekugcineni, umthengisi ofanele ukhula yomoya. Enye i-gust yayo yanele ukuthelela ngisho nendawo evunyiwe kakhulu ngembewu yokhula.

Indlela yokususa wonke ukhula kusuka emibhedeni kuze kube phakade, namanje ayesaziwa kuma-agronomists noma abafuyi abanolwazi. Kuye kwafakazelwa ngokwesayensi ukuthi ukhula uthatha isigamu somanyolo nokufaka umanyolo emhlabathini, okuholela ekuntulekeni kokudla kwezitshalo ezilinywa futhi kunciphisa isivuno sabo. Izitshalo ezidalwa yizidakamizwa yizindawo zokuhlala kanye nokuzalana kwezinambuzane ezinambuzane, futhi futhi zikhiphe izinto ezilimazayo enhlabathini ezenza izifo ezihlukahlukene.

Ngisho nokushisa kwezitshalo ekwindla akusizi ekulawuleni ukhula ezweni. Ngeshwa, ukhula luvumelana kahle nezimo ezingavumelekile zendawo, alwisane neqhwa, umswakama ophakeme nesomiso, futhi ngokushesha libuyiselwe ngisho nangemva kokulimala komshini. Ngisho nokusetshenziswa kwezinyathelo ezinamandla kusiza ukuqeda inkinga ngokhula kuphela okwesikhashana.

Indlela yokubhekana nokhula engadini

Ukulawulwa kokhula e-dacha ukusebenzisa indlela eyodwa noma ngaphezulu yokwelashwa kwesayithi. Lena indlela yokusebenza (ukwelapha okubhaliwe), amakhemikhali (ukwelashwa nge-herbicides) kanye nendlela yezinto eziphilayo, ezakhiwe ezenzweni ezenzelwe ukunciphisa ukukhula kwezitshalo ezidliwayo.

Indlela yokusebenza: weeding

Indlela endala futhi elula yokukhipha ukhula - weeding manual noma mechanical. Lena indlela engabizi kakhulu futhi eshibhile engeyona nengozi kwezitshalo ezitshalwe kanye nempilo yabantu, kodwa futhi iyinkimbinkimbi kunazo zonke. Ukuhlunga kufanele kube nokuhlelekile futhi njalo, ngaphandle kwalokho ngeke kube nomthelela. Into ebaluleke kakhulu kule ndlela ukuvimbela imbewu yokhula ukungena emibhedeni, kanti uma ezinye zazo zibanjwa, kufanele zisuswe ngesikhathi sokuhluma. Utshani obunqotshwe akudingeki ukuba uphonswe kude, kungcono ukuwubeka emgqonyeni we-compost.

Ukubhujiswa kwezidingo zokhula entwasahlobo, amasonto amabili ngaphambi kokutshala izitshalo ezitshalwa, bamba inhlabathi. Emva kokumba kubalulekile ukuvala imibhede ngefilimu isikhathi sonke ngaphambi kokutshala noma ukutshala izitshalo. Lokhu kuzovimbela ukufinyelela ekukhanyeni kuzo zonke izinhlamvu ezinokhula ezihlala enhlabathini, futhi ngaphandle kokukhanya, ngeke zikhule ngokushesha. Ngokushesha ngaphambi kokutshala, udinga ukulinganisa inhlabathi nge-rake, ukudonsa ukhula ophinde lwahluma ngaphansi kwefilimu. Engadini elungiselelwe ngale ndlela, isivuno sizobe sesiphezulu, kanti izitshalo - izimpungushe ziyingcosana eziningana.

Kubalulekile! I-weeding kufanele yenziwe e-dacha ucingo, eduze kwensimu yemifino nasezindaweni ezinzima ukufika, njengoba lokhu kuzosiza ukubhubhisa ukhula ezweni futhi kuvimbele ukuzala kabusha.
Amadivaysi akhethekile okubhujiswa okushisayo kokhula ngamalangabi noma ukushaya kwe-steam esishisayo nakho kusebenza kahle. Le ndlela ilungile uma udinga ukukhipha ukhula emaphakathini nasemigwaqweni ehlanganisiwe.

Emasimini amakhulu noma amasimu, amapula kagesi kanye nabalimi bayasetshenziswa njengendlela yokulawula ukhula. Balima izwe futhi baqede ukhula. Ngemuva kokulima okunjalo, umhlaba kufanele utshalwe ngokushesha futhi isivuno kufanele sithinteke ukuze kuvimbele ukuhluma kwezintsha ezintsha.

Indlela yokukhipha ukhula ensimini kuze kube phakade: indlela yamakhemikhali

Indlela yamakhemikhali yokubhekana nezitshalo ezithintekayo iyinto elula futhi ephumelela kakhulu kunokwenziwa komshini wezinsimbi futhi ayidingi imisebenzi emzimbeni kanzima. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izinhlobo ze-herbicide yamadala zingabhubhisa cishe kuze kube phakade. Nokho, akulula kakhulu. Uma usebenzisa izidakamizwa zesenzo esiqhubekayo emhlanjeni, esiseduze nezimila zamasiko, kufanele ngokuqinisekile zivaliwe ngefilimu futhi zivikeleke kumakhemikhali, ngaphandle kwalokho zizobhujiswa kanye nokhula. Kwenzeka ukuthi ukhula olunamandla lukhulile phakathi kwezimbali noma imifino futhi akunakwenzeka ukuba ulifake, ngakho-ke amakhemikhali asetshenziswa nge-brush evamile.

Noma kunjalo, amalungiselelo amakhemikhali okulawulwa kokhula ngezinye izikhathi abe insindiso yangempela, ngoba kuphela ngosizo lwabo umuntu angaqeda ukhula olunjalo olubi njenge-wheatgrass noma i-hogweed. Kodwa-ke, akufanele ulindele ukuthi imakhemikhali izosusa indawo yakho yokhula kanye nhlobo, kodwa iyoba yinto encane kakhulu. Ngeshwa, imbewu enokhula eyayiwela phansi phansi izophinde ikhule, futhi izinyathelo zokulawula kuzodingeka ziphindwe.

Funda indlela yokubhubhisa iphupho, i-quinoa, i-dodder, insimu yokuhlwanyela insimu, i-spurge, i-dandelion esiqhingini.
Amakhemikhali ahlukaniswe ngamagciwane okuqhubekayo, okubulala zonke izitshalo ngokulandelana (ngonyaka nonyaka ongapheliyo) kanye nokukhethwa kwemithi ekhethiwe. Lezi zinsuku zibhubhisa izinhlobo ezithile zokhula. Zisebenza ngokukhethekile emanzini okutshani utshani, ngoba izindlela zokugaya ukhula zikhona izinkinga: imishini ye-weeding ingalimaza ubuhle bamaphepathi aluhlaza.

Kubalulekile! Ukubulala ukhula kuveza ukhula oluluhlaza kuphela, hhayi inhlabathi!
Abalimi abaningi nabalimi bemifino basolisa ukhemikhali wokhula. Kodwa akufanele ukhathazeke ngalokhu, ngoba akusiyo izimali eziletha ukulimala, kodwa isicelo sabo esingalungile.

Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa ezikhethekile kulimaza kuphela izinhlobo ezithile zokhula, utshani obuntshani kanye nezitshalo ezilinywa (ngaphandle kwalezi zensimu ezithile), azilimazi.

Kuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa ukuphela kwamakhemikhali okulungiselela ukutshala amazambane kanye notamatisi - lokhu "uLazurit"equkethe i-metribuzin (700 g / kg). Eminye imikhiqizo ephephile, yemvelo, futhi eqinisekisiwe yiLontrel (i-herbicide yokukhetha, isithako esisebenzayo i-clopyralid); I-"propolol" ehlangene (i-dicamba + chlorsulfuron), kanye namalungiselelo ase-glyphosate asekelwe: Roundup, Tornado, Uragan, Agrokiller, ebulala cishe wonke ukhula.

Funda imithetho yokusetshenziswa kwamanye amakhemikhali: "Zenkor", "Prima", "Ground", "Hurricane Forte", "Dual Gold", "Stomp", "Gezagard", "Reglon Super".

Ukucubungula lokhu okulungiselelwe ngenhla kufanele kwenziwe kuphela ngenkathi ekhula yokhula (emaqabunga aluhlaza), ngenkathi ivikela isitshalo sezimbali ngefilimu eceleni kwayo.

Konke okukhonjisiwe emiphakathini yokufaka imithi yokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ibalwa ngesisekelo semiphumela yezivivinyo ezahlukene nokuhlola. Ngakho-ke, uma ulandela ngokuqinile imiyalelo, ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali ngokumelene nokhula kuzoletha isayithi kuphela ukuzuza nokuvikelwa okuthembekile.

Uyazi? Ukubulala udoti kuyathinteka yizimo zezulu. Lapho isimo sezulu sishintsha kakhulu ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukisweni, amalungiselelo angenele ezitshalweni ngokushesha futhi ukufa kwokhula kuphuthumayo. Uma kupholile, okuphambene kuyiqiniso - ukungenelela kancane, ukufa kwamanxeba kunciphisa.

Ukuhlanganiswa kwenhlabathi njengendlela yokulawula ukhula

Ukuhlanganiswa kwesikhumba kuhlanganisa indawo yomhlabathi ne-mulch ukuze kuthuthukiswe izindawo zayo nokuvikelwa. Namuhla, ukulawulwa kokhula kusetshenziswa kabanzi eNtshonalanga Yurophu, eCanada nase-United States. Kancane kancane, le ndlela iba yithandwa nathi. Izinzuzo eziyinhloko zokuxubha ukugcina umswakama kanye nemibandela yokushisa enhle yomhlaba, ukuvimbela ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi, ukulondolozwa kokunyuka kwayo, nokunciphisa ngamandla ekukhula kokhula. Cishe zonke izitshalo ziphendula kahle kumathamini, into esemqoka ukukhetha izinto ezifanele zokuhlanganisa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungasebenzisa amatshe amatshe, imfucumfucu, igravel, amakhadibhodi ngisho namaphephandaba ahlanjululwe ngamanzi - lokhu kuyimithombo evumelanisiwe. I-Organic ihlanganisa ama-humus, izinaliti, i-sawdust, utshani, i-hay, igxolo lomuthi, okushoyo, utshani obunamanzi, amagatsha amancane.

Ekuqaleni kwenkathi, udinga ukubola uhlaka lwensimu emanzini asetshenziswe ngaphambili, inhlabathi efudumele kakhulu. Uma i-mulch ihlanganiswa nenhlabathi engavunyelwe, iyovimbela ukukhula kwezitshalo. Ekupheleni kwenkathi, ekwindla ngasekupheleni, udinga ukuhlanza indawo kusuka emanzini omthunzi bese uyishisa. Uma izitshalo ezinama-mulching zidinga ukuhamba ngamamentimitha amabili ekhululekile isikhala esisezingeni lesitshalo. I-mulching yokuqala kufanele yenziwe ngokushesha ngemuva kokutshala, bese kabili ngonyaka ungeze ungqimba olusha lwe-mulch.

Izindlela zokulawula ukhula

Enye yezindlela ezithandwayo zokuqeda ukhula ensimini yilaphuzo. Isisekelo salo ukufafaza inhlabathi ngesisombululo se-6% se-ethyl alcohol ngenyanga ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela. Lokhu kusiza ukuhluma izigidi zembewu yokhula, okulula ukuyisusa ngezindlela zemishini ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, kanti inhlabathi yokuhlwanyela ihlala ihlanzekile ngokuphelele isikhathi eside. Esikhundleni sokuphuza utshwala, ungathatha izinyanga: 1 l. ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi. Lesi silinganiso sanele ukucubungula umhlaba we-2.5 weave. Le ndlela ihambelana ikakhulukazi nalabo abakhetha izindlela eziphilayo futhi abathandi ukusebenzisa i-chemistry kwezolimo.

I-mustard izosiza ukulwa nokhula olunjengensimu eboshwe. Kudingeka ukuhlwanyela kabili ngenkathi ezindaweni lapho inqwaba yale nokhula ikhula khona. Kuphela lwesinaphi sasebusika okumelwe siguwe.

Omunye umsizi wendlu owazi ukukhipha ukhula kuleli lizwe usawoti ovamile. Kumele ifafaze ngokulinganayo imibhede ezungeze izitshalo, ibuye kancane kancane kusuka ezisekelweni zazo. Usawoti ngeke ulondoloze kuphela indawo kusuka kukhula olukhona, kodwa futhi ngeke luvumele ukukhula okusha isikhathi esithile.

Ungahlanza izitshalo zokhula ngoviniga obatshisa. Thela inani elifanele "lokuzenzela i-asidi" ebhodleleni le-spray bese ulifakela kokhula, ugweme ukuthintana nesitshalo. Ukuqeda izitshalo ezinamaphilisi emigwaqeni noma phakathi kwamathayili kuzosiza i-soda. Ukwenza lokhu, ufafaze isixazululo esinamandla soda ngamanzi okhula oluhlaza.

Futhi enye ikhambi eliyisiqiniseko futhi elisebenzayo ekhaya lokhula "insipho yokungcola". Hlanganisa u-usawoti, uviniga nessiphu egayiwe (1: 1: 1). Sula ingxube emanzini.

Ukulawulwa kokhula ezweni: izinkolelo nezingokoqobo

Phakathi kwamasu amaningi wokususa ukhula, ziphelelwe yisikhathi futhi aziphumelelanga kakhulu. Isibonelo, ungagcini inhlabathi noma ngaphandle, njengoba welulekwe yizincwadi eziningi kwezolimo. Ukumba umhlabathi uphakamisa imbewu yokhula ejulile emhlabathini, ehluma ngokushesha ekukhanyeni.

Kubalulekile ukushiya izinhlelo zokunisela ezisele izitshalo ezinkulu ngokuthanda. Lezi zinsuku zihlinzekela ukuchelela okugxilwe kuzo izimpande zezitshalo ezitshalwe, kuyilapho amafafafaza asezindaweni ezibanzi efafaza ukhula ngesikhathi esifanayo. Ukuze ulawulwe ukhula oluphumelelayo, kungcono ukutshala imifino kanye nezimbali ngokubambisana, njengoba nje ubuchwepheshe babo bezolimo buvumela, ukuze singashiyi indawo yokukhula kwezitshalo eziphilayo.

Njengendlela yokuvimbela kanye nokuvimbela ukukhula kokhula, kubalulekile ukwenza ukujikeleza kwezitshalo zemifino ngonyaka ngamunye. Kungcono ukutshala izitshalo ngezithombo kunezimbewu ezivulekile. Imbewu ijwayele ukumboza ukhula oluqinile futhi olunamandla.