Izitshalo ezinempilo ensimini noma ezitsheni zokushisa - iphupho labo bonke abahlali behlobo. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokungasebenzi okuncane kakhulu ekunakekelweni nezinye izinto ezimbi, izihlahla zingahlasela izinambuzane ezihlukahlukene zezidakamizwa. Uma uthola ukuthi leyo midge encane ibonakala ngokuzumayo emivini, lokhu kuyisignali esiqinisekisayo yokutheleleka komkhuba. Thola ukuthi yiziphi izinto ezisongela lezi zikhukhamba ezikhukheni zithwele engadini yakho nokuthi ungabhekana kanjani nazo.
Imijikelezo yamakhukhamba: sifunda izinambuzane
Ngokuvamile, "midges on ukhukhamba" kusho izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinambuzane ezinambuzaneutshale eduze kwezitshalo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isikhathi sonyaka cishe asinandaba nama-parasites. Ngokuvamile izilokazane zihlangana ngaphansi kwe-substrate yokuthenga.
Imijikelezo ingaba yimaphiko noma ama-arachnids. I-colony ye-parasites ivame ukukhula ngokushesha. Ngokuvame kakhulu kwi-liana ikhukhamba kune-midge emnyama, i-midge emhlophe ne-spider mite.
I-black midge (elinye igama layo liyi-aphid elimnandi) livela lapho liphuza inhlabathi ngokweqile, ikakhulukazi esimweni sezulu esibanda. Ukubhekana nalokhu kunzima, kuzodinga izinambuzane ezinamandla.
Ngokuqondene ne-white midge (noma i-whitefly), izibungu ziyingozi kakhulu ezitshalweni. Ziyakwazi ukungena emhlabathini futhi zilimaze uhlelo lwempande lwekhukhamba.
Ngaphandle kwezinambuzane, ungabona ezinye izidumbu ezinzima ezingabonakali ezibukeka njengeziphakathi. Isibonelo esicacile yizinambuzane zesicabucabu. Kulula ukuthola lezi zinhlobo zezidumbu: unake amahlamvu kanye neziqu. Ayikho aphuzi, asomile, ngezinye izikhathi aphenduke amnyama. Kulesi simo, into esemqoka ukuqala ukwelashwa ngokushesha, ngaphandle kwalokho kukhona ingozi yezitshalo zekhukhamba ezifa.
Uyazi? Ikhukhamba eliluhlaza esiyidlayo empeleni liyimifino engafani. AmaGreki asendulo aletha leli gama elithi "Aguros", elihunyushwe ngokuthi "elingavuthi", "oluhlaza" - ngakho igama layo lanamuhla. Ikhukhamba evuthiwe ayifanele ukusetshenziswa komuntu, isetshenziselwa kuphela imbewu.
Incazelo, ukulimala, izindlela zokulwa
Ake sihlale ezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zama-blackflies ku-ukhukhamba bese sixoxa ngalokho okufanele sikwenze ekulwa nabo. Uma kutholakala izimpawu zokutheleleka nge-midge, izinyathelo zokuvikela kufanele zithathwe ngokushesha. Ngezinye izikhathi ungathola nge zokupheka zendabuko, futhi kwezinye izimo kuzodingeka usebenzise amakhemikhali.
Ama-black midges (i-melon aphid)
Incazelo. Ama-apidi amnyama - angajabuli ngabalimi ukuba bahlasele, kodwa ukubhekana nakho kuyinto engokoqobo. Emhlabathini ovulekile, ukuhlaselwa kwamakhukhamba kusondeza phakathi kwehlobo, nasezindlini zokugcina izithombo - entwasahlobo.
Ubude bezinambuzane - kusuka ku-1.2 kuya ku-1.9 mm. Ama-aphid angaba nombala ophuzi ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, omnyama futhi omnyama. Ubusika obusika esiteji sezimpungushe kanye namabhinqa angenasiphelo, ukufihla ngaphansi kwamaqabunga asetsheni. Entwasahlobo, ngokwanda kwezinga lokushisa lomoya ngaphezu kwe-5 ° C, i-aphid ishiya ama-hibernation futhi iqala ukwanda, yenza ama-colonies ama-parasites engaphansi kwemaqabunga kokhula.
Uma ukwanda ngokweqile, lapho inambuzane isela ukudla kakade, i-aphid ibuyelelwe kabusha kumafomu ephiko. Izimpukane ezimnyama zihamba ezintsheni eziseduze zesikhumba. Indawo ekahle yokudla nokukhiqiza lezi zinambuzane amaqabunga ekhukhamba elihlaza. Ama-parasites asuka emanzini kuya kwamakhukhamba ngokushesha akha amaqoqo amasha namasha.
Kulimaza Isibonakaliso esiyinhloko sokuthi i-black louse isivele ikhona kwamakhukhamba yi-sagging and leaves foullage. Uma uphendulela ishidi, ungabona kalula ukuqoqwa kwezinambuzane. Ama-midge omnyama atholakala nezimbali, ama-ovari namahlumela amancane. Uma ungathathi isinyathelo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okuningi kokuvuna kwakho kungase kulahleke. Isongo esibi kakhulu esivela ku-aphid yomgqoko yilokho ithwala ama-bacterium angaba ngu-50.
Kubonakalisiwe nokuthi i-aphid ihlala ku-symbiosis esebenzayo nezintuthwane. Izintuthwane zondla i-paddy (ama-secretions amnandi) ama-aphid, ngaleyo ndlela ivikela izindawo zokuhlala. Izintuthwane zihlala izinambuzane ebusika emahlathini, kanti entwasahlobo ziyasakaza phezu kwezitshalo ezintsha. Ngakho-ke, ukuthatha izinyathelo ezimelene nezimpukane ezimnyama ngamakhukhamba, ngesikhathi esifanayo kubalulekile ukulwa nezintuthwane ezihlala eduze nemibhede yemifula.
Uyazi? Ukukhiqizwa kwe-aphid kwenzeka ngokuzalwa okuphilayo, okungukuthi, izinambuzane zizalwa zikhulelwe kakade. Iqanda lamaqanda ngaphakathi komama liqala ukuthuthukisa ngisho nangaphambi kokuzalwa komama uqobo, futhi ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-10 i-aphid entsha izalwa kabusha.Ngakho-ke, ake sixoxe ngalokho okufanele sikwenze lapho kutholakala umnyama omkhukhamba nendlela yokubhekana nayo ngempumelelo.
Izindlela zokulwa:
- Kanye ngesonto, ukugqoka okuphezulu kwe-foliar nge-potash-phosphate fertilizer. Isixazululo singalungiselelwa ngokuzimela: 20 g we-superphosphate kanye no-10 g we-potassium chloride ehlanza ngamalitha ayishumi amanzi. Yenza izinqubo zokwelashwa kuze kube yilapho izinambuzane ziqedwa ngokuphelele.
- Ezindaweni ezincane zokupuniza, sebenzisa amakhambi ahlukahlukene abantu. Ngalesi sizathu, ama-infusions afanelekayo okhuni, ugwayi, amaqabunga amazambane, i-garlic, i-pepper enomunyu, izimpande neziqu zama-dandelions, amaqabunga neziqu ze-celandine, izingxenye eziluhlaza kanye no-anyanisi ikhasi, ama-stepons of tomato, amaqabunga e-sorrel amahhashi. Ukulwa nama-aphid kuzosebenza kangcono uma ufaka isepha enomsoco kwisixazululo sokuphalaza. Phinda ukwelashwa kanye ngesonto kuze kube yilapho izidumbu zinyamalalala.
- Ezindaweni ezinkulu, izinambuzane kuzodingeka zilwe nama-chemical agents. Amalungiselelo eziphilayo ze-Aktofit, i-Fitoverm, i-Bitoksibatsillin, kanye nezinambuzane ze-Kinmiks, i-Inta-vir, i-Arrivo, i-Detsis nezinye eziphumelelayo ngokumelene ne-aphid ye-melon-sprouts.
Kubalulekile! Ukuze kusetshenziswe izitshalo zekhukhamba, okokuqala cabanga ukuthi kungenzeka ukusebenzisa izinto eziphilayo. Lena yindlela ephephile kunazo zonke kubantu. Sekuphele izinsuku ezimbili emva kokuphalaza ngemikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo, isithelo singadliwa ngokuphephile. Ukusebenzisa ama-insecticide, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ngobuthi babo. Ngakho-ke, kufanele zisetshenziswe zingakapheli izinsuku ezingama-20 ngaphambi kokuvuna kwamakhukhamba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlala isikhathi eside ekamelweni lapho kusetshenzwa khona amakhemikhali, kuyingozi. Ungasebenzi ngaphandle kwemishini yokuzivikela: izingubo, amaglavu, ukuphefumula, izibuko.
I-white midges (i-whitefly)
Incazelo. I-whitefly (i-Aleirodid) ingenye inkathazo eyingozi yokhukhamba. Ubude be-whitefly buhlukahluka ku-1.3-3 mm. Lezi zitha ezincane zezitshalo kufana nezinundu ezimhlophe ezimhlophe noma i-moliform lepidoptera encane. Izinambuzane zinamaphiko amane. Amaphiko ahlanganiswe namhlophe, ufulawa-njengawo, oqhakaza uthuli. Izimpungushe ziyi-motile, kodwa njengoba zithuthuka ziba immobile.
Kulimaza Ezinye izinhlobo ze-whitefly ziyingozi ekuhlukaniseni izitshalo zemifino. I-parasite emakhukhamba okuvame kakhulu ezimweni zokushisa. I-whitefly ifihle phansi emaceleni amaqabunga bese idla ngesitshalo sesitshalo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ebusweni beshidi kubonakala izinambuzane (pad), ezifana nokuqhakaza okukhazimulayo.
Kamuva, i-mycelium le-soot iyaqala, futhi iqabunga lamasango liba mnyama. Lezi fungus ezimnyama ziyingozi enkulu ezitshalweni. Ngokuvamile kukhona ukukhula okunamandla kwamahlumela.
Ake sibone ukuthi singayibona kanjani imifino emhlophe ezitshalweni nokuthi singaziqeda kanjani. Amaqanda nezibungu zezinambuzane zingatholakala kalula emaqabungeni - zibukeka njengezinhlamvu ezincane ze-greyish.
Izindlela zokulwa. Ekulweni ne-whitefly, izinambuzane ezilandelayo ziyasebenza: Actellic, Verticillin, Confidor, Mospilan, Pegasus, Fufanon, Phosbecid. Sebenzisa izidakamizwa njengoba kuqondiswe imiyalelo.
Sebenzisa ama-bait glue ukuze ubambe abantu abavuthiwe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udwebe izingcezu zeplywood ephuzi noma ezimhlophe, bese uphonsa ngamafutha we-castor, i-petroleum jelly noma i-rosin enoju. Ungasebenzisa futhi izicupho ezithengiwe.
Namuhla, izinyathelo zemvelo zokulwa namhlophe zisetshenziswa kakhulu. Izitha zemvelo ze-whitefly ziyi-eyed golden, i-ladybug ne-predatory bug Macrolofus. Lezi zinambuzane ziyakwazi ukubhubhisa ngokushesha izidumbu. Futhi kusetshenziselwa ukubeka endaweni yokushisa yama-pupae we-encartia. I-enkartia yabesifazane ibeka amaqanda ayo emzimbeni wezimpungushe ze-whitefly. Ukusebenza kwalendlela kuphezulu kakhulu.
Ukugonywa kwamagciwane kusetshenziswa njengamakhambi abantu. Ukwehlisa i-garlic kusebenza kahle ngokumelene ne-whitefly: i-garlic eqoshiwe (150 g) uthele ilitha lamanzi alitha. Ukhipha amanzi ezinsukwini ezingu-5 ngaphansi kwesivalo esivaliwe ngokuqinile. Hlanganisa izihlahla ezingekho izikhathi ezinhlanu ngesizini ngasinye.
Zama futhi hlamba izihlahla ngamanzi ahlanzekile - i-whiteflies igeza kahle ngamanzi.
Kubalulekile! Khumbula ukuthi ngokushesha uzothola izibonakaliso zokukhulelwa kwezitshalo ze-ikhukhamba ngama-parasites, ekuqaleni futhi kube lula ukuwaqeda. Amakhambi omphakathi aphumelela kuphela uma kungekho izinambuzane eziningi kakhulu.
Isibungu se-spider
Incazelo. Izibungu zesicabucabu zisondelene kakhulu nemindeni ye-arachnid, enye yezitha ezimbi kunazo zonke zezitshalo zekhukhamba. Amathikithi ayenziwe nge-orange, obomvu noma ophuzi. Ubude bomzimba abudluli 1 mm. Ama-parasites avame ukuhlala endaweni ephikisana neqabunga bese ephindaphinda ngokushesha. Izinga lokukhiqiza lixhomeke ekushiseni kwemoya emoyeni: okukhudlwana, ukukhula kwezilwane kukhula kakhulu. Ekushiseni okukhulu noma kubanda, abesifazane abakondli futhi bafudukela emakhoneni angasese.
Kulimaza Izibungu zesicabucabu zidla ngamaseli ezitshalo, zibangela ukulimala kubo. Bayakwazi ukubhubhisa izitshalo emavikini angu-1-2 kuphela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bahlasela amahlumela ngamabhaktheriya ahlukahlukene.
I-Pest kungatholakala ngamaphuzu aphuzi kumahlamvu. Khona-ke, kusukela ezilonda eziningi, amaqabunga aphenduka amhlophe. Ngezinye izikhathi ungabona iwebhu encane ehlanganisa izingxenye zezihlahla. Eziqongweni ziqoqa eziningi zamakoloni ezinambuzane. Uma ungathathi isenzo, amaqabunga azobola futhi awele.
Kubalulekile! Ekushiseni okukhulu, kuyadingeka ukuthi uphefeze amahlumela zonke izinsuku ezingu-7-8, ngaphandle kwalokho owesifazane oye wavuthwa ngalesi sikhathi unesikhathi sokubeka amaqanda amasha.
Izindlela zokulwa. Ukubhujiswa kwemikhaza yekhukhamba, i-Akarin, i-Apollo, i-Fitoverm, i-Phosbecid amakhemikhali afanelekile. Ukungena ezinambuzane, lezi zimakhemikhali ziyibulala. Spray the bushs zidinga izikhathi eziningana ukuqedela ukubhujiswa kwamakoloni.
Kodwa, ngaphambi kokuba usebenzise ukwelashwa kwamakhemikhali, zama ukuthonya izidakamizwa ngezindlela eziphilayo noma ezidalwa.
Ezigaba zokuqala zokutheleleka, lezi zindlela zinikeza imiphumela emihle. Izitha zemvelo zezitshalo zesicabucabu ziyi-ladybugs.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunamasiko ayesabisa izinambuzane (utamatisi imifino, ama-marigolds, amazambane amazambane). Lezi zitshalo ziqukethe izinhlayiya ezithile. Kuzo zenza ama-tinctures, ama-ukhukhamba aphihliwe. Zama ukungadluli umthamo, njengoba lokhu kungalimaza izihlahla.
Kumele uqaphele ukuthi ukutshala ukhukhamba kusencane engozini yokutheleleka kwesicabucabu.
Ukuvimbela izinambuzane
Kukhona izindlela zokuvimbela eziqinisekisiweokunciphisa ingozi yama-blackflies kumakhukhamba:
- Nikeza izitshalo umthombo omuhle womswakama-lokushisa kanye nokuphumula okuhle (ikakhulukazi ezindlini zokugcina izithombo kanye nokugcina izithombo). Ukushisa okusetshenzisiwe ngaphakathi endlini ebusuku -18-22 ° C. Ungavumeli ushintsho ngokungazelelwe kokushisa nomswakama. Uma isimo sezulu somile, faka izitshalo emhlabathini ovulekile ngamanzi.
- Qaphela izinsuku zokutshala. Sebenzisa imbewu yekhwalithi ephakeme kuphela.
- Ngaphambi kokuphuma, yenza isisindo sezinyathelo zokukhipha imishanguzo ngokushisa imishanguzo. Ngalokhu, sebenzisa izinambuzane (isibonelo, Metaphos, Karbofos, Decis).
- Ungafaki izithombo eduze komunye nomunye.
- Ungabeki ikhukhamba eduze kwe-zucchini, ithanga, u-squash, izaqathe, isitshalo seqanda, i-dill.
- Namanzi amahlathi ngesikhathi, kodwa ungavumeli ukukhukhula komhlaba.
- Ungakhohlwa ukondla inhlabathi ngamanyolo.
- Susa ukhula njalo.
