Nsuku zonke, i-asterisk iyahlukahluka kakhulu kwezihlahla ze-apula phakathi kwabalimi ezweni lethu. Kulesi sihloko sizochaza ngokuningiliziwe ngezici zalezi zinhlobonhlobo nendlela yokutshala insimu encane futhi sikhule umuthi omkhulu wesithelo.
Umlando wokuzala
Izinhlobonhlobo ze-apula "i-Asterisk" yavulwa eMichurin Institute of Breeding and Genetics. Izitshalo kusebenza ezinhlobonhlobo zasebusika futhi wathola ngokuwela izinhlobo "Anis" ne "Pepinka Lithuanian". Isisebenzi salesi sikhungo esishiwo ngenhla, uProfesa S.F. Chernenko, sakhuthukiswe, sahlakulela futhi sahlakulela lezi zinhlobonhlobo ze-apula.
I-asterisk ivame ukusetshenziswa njengezinto zokuqala zokuzalisa izinhlobo ezintsha zemithi yezithelo. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zama-apula zisakazwa kakhulu ezindaweni eziphakathi kwe-Middle Volga, eNyakatho-West naseMpumalanga. 
Izinhlamvu ezihlukahlukene
Ngaphambi kokuba uhlanganyele ekutshaleni izithombo, udinga ukuzijwayeza ngokucophelela nazo zonke izicabucabu ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo.
Incazelo yomuthi
Esikhathini sokuqala sokukhula, lesi sihlahla sinomqhele omuhle kakhulu. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, umqhele ungase ube wilted noma sprawling kancane. Lapho i-asterisk ifinyelela eminyakeni engamashumi amabili ubudala, umqhele wayo ufinyelela ububanzi bamamitha angu-6 (uma hhayi ukusika), futhi ukuphakama kuphakama ngamamitha angu-5 noma ngaphezulu.
Uyazi? I-apula "Inkanyezi" nge-100 g yezithelo iqukethe 134.6 mg wezinto ezi-P ezisebenzayo. Lezi zinto ziyakwazi ukunciphisa ukucindezelwa kwegazi, zigcine ukusebenza ngendlela evamile yezinhlayiya ze-adrenal futhi zishukumise ukwakhiwa kwebi.Izihlahla zibhekwa amahlumela abomvu-abomvu obuhlaza kakhulu. Amaqabunga azo abe nesimo se-oval ngezingqamuleli ezingakahlelwa. I-Petioles inesimo esivamile, kodwa encane kunezinye izinhlobo eziningi ze-apula.
Incazelo yezithelo
Izithelo "ama-Asterisks" anomumo oyingqayizivele wesibindi onokubheka kancane. Inyama inokukhanya okuluhlaza okwedlulele noma kaningi umbala omhlophe. I-peel inombala obomvu, obomvu obomvu, ngezinye izikhathi izindawo ezikhanyayo ezikhanyayo zingabonwa ngesithelo. Ingxenye ephezulu ye-apple ine-wax yokugqoka kanye ne-glitters kakhulu lapho ibonisa imisebe elula. Inyama yesithelo ine-sweet sweet-sour taste and sweet honey. Uhlukana nohlobo lwe-juiciness ne-grit encane.
Ukuvota
Ukuze izinyosi zivotele i-Asterisk apula, izinhlobo ezifanayo zemithi yezithelo kufanele zitshalwe eduze kwayo. Phakathi kwazo kungenzeka ukuthi: "Antonovka", "Zhigulevskoe", "Bogatyr", "Memory of a Soldier", njll Kodwa khumbulani: uma unensimu yonke yezihlahla ze-apula endaweni yakho, khona-ke cabanga ukuthi ingxenye yesithathu yazo zonke izitshalo ensimini kumele kube yizinhlobonhlobo zama-apula wokuvuna ama-Asterisks.
Isikhathi sokubeletha
Izithelo zivunwa ekuqaleni kuka-Septhemba (ezindaweni eziseningizimu). Ezindaweni ezisenyakatho, ukuvunwa kungase kuqale amasonto amabili ngaphambili. I-asterisk iyi-apula ephethe isikhathi sokuvuthwa cishe amasonto angu-3-4. Okusho ukuthi, emva kokuvuna, udinga ukunikezwa isikhathi sokuvuthwa, futhi kuphela lapho izithelo zingadliwa. Ngokuvamile, isikhathi eside se-"Asterisk" sivuthwa, izithelo zayo zizobe zikhona.
Ukuthela
Izinhlobonhlobo ziyathakazelisa ngoba izithombo ezisezimpandeni ezinamazinyo zingena e-fruiting 1-2 eminyakeni ngaphambili. Umuthi uqala ukuthela izithelo emva kweminyaka engu-5-7 emva kokutshala. Uma isithombo singagciniwe kahle, singaqala ukuthela izithelo ngisho nangemva kwesikhathi.
Ukukhiqiza "Izinkanyezi", ochwepheshe abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi kuphakeme kakhulu. Ngokwesilinganiso, isihlahla, ngokunakekelwa okufanele, kufanele sikhiqize cishe ngo-70-110 kg we-apula. Ngesinye isikhathi lesi sibonakaliso singakhuphuka kancane, kepha lokhu kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa uhlelo lokudla okulungile nokufika ngesikhathi.
Uyazi? Umlando wokukhiqiza "Izinkanyezi" ezivela emthini owodwa wabhalwa ama-agronomists ensimini yeRussia. Ukuvunwa kwakungu-211 kg we-apula.
Ukuthutha nokugcina
Ama-apula we-"Asterisk" ahlukahlukene agcinwa izinyanga ezingu-5-6. Ngesitoreji esifanele, ukubukeka jikelele kanye nekhwalithi yezolimo ze-apula kuyohlala ingashintshi. Kunconywa ukuthi ugcine izithelo ezinjalo emabhokisini amancane nezinkuni aphansi okudingayo kuqala uhlanzekile kahle (ukungcola kwe-fungus kuyenziwa, okuphazamisa izinkuni, futhi esikhathini esizayo kungathinta isithelo). 
Ama-apula kufanele afakwe emabhokisini komunye umugqa (njengesenzo sokugcina - kumigqa engu-2-3), ngakho-ke azohlala isikhathi eside. Indawo engcono kakhulu yokugcina kuyoba yisiteji noma igumbi elingaphansi. Esikhathini esiqandisini, impilo yeshalofu ngeke ibe ngaphezu kwezinyanga ezimbili.
Lapho uhambisa "ama-Asterisks" kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izithelo zingase ziqhubekele, futhi lokhu kuthinteka kakhulu ukuphepha kwabo. Ezindaweni lapho ama-apula asondelana khona, inyama izophendulela ngokubomvu, futhi isethulo siyoncipha.
Ukuphikiswa kwe-Frost
Ukumelana ne-Frost ku "Izinkanyezi" akuphezulu kakhulu. Ochwepheshe abaningi abayincoma ukuthi bayakhula ezindaweni ezisenyakatho zezwe lakithi, kungenjalo kukhona ingozi yeqhwa.
Kubalulekile! Ukwandisa ukumelana nesithwathwa, "ama-Asterisks" atshale i-apple engamelana ne-frost ibe ngumqhele. Lezi zingaba izinhlobo ezifana ne- "Anise", "Sharopay" noma "I-Cinnamon Striped".Kodwa-ke, izinkampani eziningi ezinkulu ezizimele ekutshalweni nasekuthengiseni ama-apula, zikhule "i-Star" ezindaweni ezisenyakatho. Kodwa banendawo yokugcina izithombo ezikhethekile kulokhu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, banezitshalo zabo zokunakekelwa kwezitshalo kanye nabasebenzi abanolwazi.
Izifo nokuphikiswa kwezinambuzane
I-Apple "Inkanyezi" ivikelekile ngokuzivikela kuphela. Izifo ezisele nezinambuzane zivame ukushaya lesi sihlahla. Kodwa ngokunakekelwa okufanele, cishe noma yisiphi isifo noma inkathazo singagwenywa. Sizokukhuluma ngezindlela zokulwa nezifo eziphansi.
Isicelo
Sebenzisa isithelo "Izinkanyezi" ekuphekeni ngezinhloso ezehlukene. Lezi apula zenza ama-vitamin amnandi kakhulu futhi anomuncu ama-juice, ama-jams acebile noma ama-compotes aphunga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-apula ayamnandi futhi ahlanzekile, ikakhulu ebusika.
Abesifazane abaningi basekhaya basebenzise "Inkanyezi" ngokubhaka - izithelo zawo zihlangene ngokuhambisana nanoma yiziphi izinhlobo ze-dessert. Ngisho nama-apula angomiswa, bese upheka ama-compotes ezithelo ezinomsoco futhi enempilo ezithelo ezomisiwe.
Imithetho yokutshala izithombo ze-apula
Ukuze umuthi wesithelo uthele izithelo iminyaka eminingi, kufanele utshalwe kahle.
Isikhathi esiphelele
Kubalulekile ukutshala umuthi omncane emhlabathini obala entwasahlobo, ngemuva kokuphela kwama-frosts ebusuku. Linda kuze kube yiqhwa eliqhakazile, izinga lokushisa lomoya likhuphuka kancane futhi linciphisa kancane. Isikhathi esihle sokufika "Izinkanyezi" kubhekwa ngo-Ephreli 20 - Meyi 15. Kodwa akufanele utshale izithombo ekwindla, ngisho noma uhlala ezindaweni eziseningizimu zezwe. Ngezinye izikhathi ubusika buza ngokushesha kakhulu kunalokho esikulindele. Ezimweni ezinjalo, isipela singase singabi nesikhathi sokuhlala futhi sigcine sife ngesikhathi seqhwa ebusuku.
Ukukhetha indawo
Ukutshala "Inkanyezi" kumele kube endaweni ekhanyiswe ilanga. Uma utshala i-apula emthunzini, khona-ke isivuno singancipha ngesigamu nesigamu izikhathi ezimbili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezindaweni ezithuthukile, izinga lokukhula lomuthi liyancipha kakhulu.
Indawo engcono kakhulu yokufika ezweni izoba indawo evulekile esuka eningizimu, eningizimu-mpumalanga noma eningizimu-ntshonalanga. Cabanga futhi ukuthi eminyakeni eyishumi nesishiyagalolunye nesishiyagalombili umuthi uzokukhula kakhulu, kanti umqhele uzonikeza isithunzi esikhulu, ngakho-ke, akunconywa ukutshala "i-Asterisk" eduze kwemibhede. Ngaphezu kwalokho, noma yiziphi izihlahla ezindala eduze kwezithombo ezincane ziyoba omakhelwane abangathandeki. Bazokususa izakhi eziningi emhlabathini. 
I-acidity yenhlabathi endaweni yokufika kufanele ibe buthakathaka, ku-5.7-6.0 pH. Uhlobo olungcono lomhlabathi lubhekwa njenge-loamy, sod-podzolic noma isihlabathi.
Kubalulekile! Akunconywa ukutshala isihlahla endaweni lapho amapheya noma ama-apula ayekhulile ngaphambilini. Emhlabathini kungabuka izinambuzane ezinobungozi ezivame ukushaya abandulela "ama-Asterisks", futhi manje zingathinta.
Ukulungiselela isayithi
Indawo yokutshala izithombo zidinga ukulungiselela ngokucophelela. Okokuqala, izwe kufanele liguqulwe futhi lihlungwe. Okulandelayo, ugobo umgodi olinganiselwa ku-40-45 cm no-50 cm ububanzi. Umhlaba ovuliwe kufanele uxubane no-7-9 kg we-peat no-100-150 g wezinkuni. Eduzane ne-fossa yokufika kudingekile ukuthi umbe isigxobo esikhulu futhi eside. Kufanele ihambise okungenani amamitha angu-1.5 ngaphezu komhlaba. Kuzothatha inombolo enjalo ukuze i-garter ye-seedling encane.
Ukulungiselela izithombo
Ngaphambi kokutshala, isithombo sinciphisa kancane. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngokucophelela, ukufinyeza amahlumela amade kuphela (ingxenye ka-1 / 3-1 / 4). Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukunciphisa izimpande zomuthi omncane, kungenjalo kungase kungabi nezimpande endaweni entsha. Futhi unake isitsha ngaphambi kokuthenga: uhlelo lwaso lwempande kufanele lube ngaphandle kokukhula nama-blister, branched kahle.
Inqubo kanye nohlelo
I-seedling ifakwe emgodini otholwe ngaphambili futhi ifafazwe ngendwangu evundile yomhlaba (umhlabathi owawugubha futhi uhlanganiswe ne-peat kanye ne-wood ash). Okulandelayo, umhlabathi udinga ukunyathela kancane. Ngenxa yalokho, kufanele kube nokucindezeleka okuncane eduze kwesiqu sesithombo, lapho kuzobe khona njalo uchithela amanzi afudumele esikhathini esizayo.
Ibanga eliphakathi kwezithombo kufanele libe ngamamitha ayi-3-4 (uma kwenzeka uvame ukuguqula umuthi bese wenza umqhele). Ibanga eliphakathi kwemigqa kufanele libe okungenani ama-5 m, kungenjalo izitshalo ezindala ngeke zithole indawo encane yentuthuko. Uma ungeke uvuselele izihlahla zakho zama-apula njalo ngonyaka, ukwandisa ibanga phakathi kwezithombo kanye nemigqa ngamamitha ayi-2-3.
Intamo yentambo yomuthi kumele ibe khona 5-7 cm ngaphezu komhlaba. Izindawo ezincane zingenziwa ezungeze noma eziseduze nesipuli. Bayoba nomthelela ekususweni komswakama owedlule kusukela empandeni yomuthi omncane.
Ungakhohlwa ukubopha isithombo ku-cola. Ku-garters, sebenzisa i-bandage ehlanganisiwe, okuphela kokuphela kwayo okugxilwe phakathi kwesiqu, nesinye isigxathu.
Izici zokunakekelwa kwonyaka
Apple "Star" emva kokutshala okufanele kudinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile.
Ukunakekelwa komhlabathi
I-asterisk ayibekezelelanga umswakama wenhlabathi okhulayo, ngakho-ke akufanele kutholakale kakhulu ukuphuza, ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi zemvula (ngakho-ke akukho manzi adingekayo nhlobo). Umuthi omdala unconywa ukuba ungabi namanzi ngaphezu kwezikhathi ezingu-2-3 ngenyanga. Insimu encane idinga ukuphuziswa kuphela ngenyanga. Ngezikhathi ezomile zasehlobo, imvamisa yokuphuza ingaba kabili. Kodwa ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti, ukuchelela kumele kumiswe ngokuphelele, kungenjalo kuyoba nomthelela omubi ekumenikeni kwamaqabunga esihlahla. Phakathi nesikhathi sokuchelela okunengi, umhlabathi ozungeza isihlahla udinga ukukhululeka njalo, ngaphandle kwalokho ukukhuphuka kungase kwakha.
Ukuhlwanyela lesi sitshalo, nokukhululeka, kufanele uqaphele ukuthi ungathinti uhlelo lwempande. Uma kunqunywe ngomunwe, umuthi ungase uqale ukoma. Sidinga ukukhula ukhula kuphela enhlabathini. Zama ukusebenzisa i-weeding ukuze unqume zonke izimila ezingadingekile ezungeze "i-Asterisk", njengoba ukhula lusa izinto eziningi eziwusizo ezivela e-apula.
Uyazi? Ngo-1785, uKarl Scheele waqala ukwenza i-malic acid. Wazikhethela kuma-apula amancane, angaphunyeziwe.
Njengoba lezi zinhlobonhlobo zingenalo ukumelana kahle kweqhwa, inhlabathi ezungeze izitshalo ezinjalo kufanele ihlanganiswe. Ekupheleni konyaka ka-Okthoba kufanele umboze nge-mulch (ungqimba ka-10-15 cm) inhlabathi esungeze isitshalo. Ububanzi bendawo yokuhlangana kufanele bulingane nobubanzi bomqhele wesihlahla. I-straw, sawdust, ama-humus noma i-peat amahle kakhulu njenge-mulch.Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Umhlabathi udinga ukukhulelwa kabili ngonyaka. Okokuqala umanyolo usetshenziswe entwasahlobo, ngokushesha ngemuva kweqhwa eliqhakazile. Ungenza kokubili amaminerali nama-organic fertilizer. Uma ungeza i-peat, wengeze ngesilinganiso sika 6-7 kg / m², uma i-humus noma i-mullein ebolile - 5-10 kg / m². Isikhathi sesibili umanyolo usetshenziswa ekwindla, ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwesithelo. NgoSeptemba, umuthi uphendule ngokucophelela ukufaka umanyolo nge-potashi noma kumanyolo we-superphosphate.
Kubalulekile! Ama-fertilizer ayenamanzi ayinconywa ukuthi angeniswe enhlabathini.
I-superphosphate egqamile (izipuni ezimbili) ihlanjululwe ngamalitha angu-10 wamanzi futhi ithululelwe phezu kwenhlanganisela elandelayo "Inkanyezi". Amalitha ayi-10 yalesi sixazululo kufanele afike emitha yemitha eyi-1 yenhlabathi.
Ukulwa nezifo nezinambuzane
Njengoba sishilo, i-apple "Inkanyezi" ezingeni lezakhi zofuzo ivikelwe kusuka esikhaleni. Kodwa ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu, lesi sifo singasithinta lesi sitshalo sesithelo. Ezimweni ezinjalo, kufanele ifakwe kabili: ngaphambi nangemva kwezimbali. Abalimi abanolwazi bayelulekwa ukusebenzisa imithi "Horus". Yilahla emanzini ngokwemiyalo. I-ampoule eyodwa yalesi sidakamizwa kufanele ibe ngokwanele ngamaphilisi amabili omuthi owodwa.
Uma isitshalo sakho sithinteka yi-powdery isikhutha, ungasebenzisa lesi sidakamizwa "I-Topaz". Ngokunqotshwa kwe "Asterisks" ukubola kunconywa ukusebenzisa i- "Fundazol", ephumelela kakhulu kwisifo esinjalo.
Ukulwa nenundu, sebenzisa i-karbofos ne-chlorophos. Phonsa lesi sitshalo kathathu phakathi nenkathi ekhulayo. Izikhathi phakathi kokupuniza kufanele kube cishe ezilinganayo ngesikhathi. Ingxube yokupunga isilungele cishe cishe ukulinganisa okulandelayo: 30 g we-malathion (0.3%) ihlanjululwa ku-10 l amanzi; 20 g ye-chlorophos (0.2%) iphinde ihlanjululwe ku-10 l amanzi.
Kubalulekile! Inhlanganisela ye-karbofosa ne-chlorophos ayinconywa ukuba apopule i-apula ngesikhathi sezimbali.Ukuqubuka kwensimu kusiza kakhulu empini ngokumelene ne-apple sucker. Le nqubo ingcono kakhulu ekwenzeni ubusuku obufudumele nokuzolile.
Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa utshani notshani. Utshani kufanele lubekwe emaceleni amancane emkhatsini wemigqa ye-apula nemithi ngayinye engeza u-1.5-2 g wezotshani. Utshani kufanele uphuculwe ukuze kuthi uma ususelwe emlilweni, awubhubhisi ngokushesha, kodwa ubheke kancane kancane. Ukwehliswa kwensimu ngeke kuvumele ukuthi imithi ihlukumeze amaqanda futhi yande.Ngesikhathi sasebusika, ukugwaza kwesihlahla kungambalwa nge-nylon encane ye-pantyhose. Bazosiza ekulwa namagundane nezinyosi, ezinyangeni ezibandayo ezilambile zingabhekana ne-"Asterisk" yakho.
Ukwakheka komqhele kanye nomqhele
Isikhathi esihle sokuvuselela isihlahla futhi udale umqhele walo kuyoba isiqalo - phakathi kuka-Ephreli. Udinga ukusika amahlumela ama-1/3 ngobude bawo. Endaweni lapho kunezihlumela eziningi kakhulu, ungakwazi ukususa ngokuphelele ezinye zazo. Wonke amagatsha amancane, okukhula kwawo okuqondiswa ngaphakathi, kufanele asuswe, ngaphandle kwalokho ayokwenza isithunzi phakathi komqhele futhi isivuno sizowa ngokuqinile.
Zima bese ubeka umqhele we-apula ngesivinini esisodwa njalo eminyakeni emibili. Zama ukungavumeli isihlahla sikhule sibe ukuphakama kwamamitha angaphezu kuka-3. Izihlahla ezinkulu zidinga amanzi amaningi kanye nomanyolo. Uma konke lokhu kunganikezwa kubo, ubukhulu besithelo bunganciphisa ingxenye eyodwa nengxenye, noma kabili.
Ukulungiselela ubusika
Ochwepheshe abaningi bathi ubusika bezihlahla ze-apula buhamba ngokuphepha, uma inhlabathi isetshenziswe kahle ngesikhathi sehlobo-ekwindla, futhi lesi sitatimende sesivele sivivinywe futhi siboniswe kaningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, udinga ukuphakela "izinkanyezi" njalo. Ukunambitheka kunesinye sezici eziyinhloko zokunakekelwa kwezitshalo futhi kusiza uhlelo lwempande lomuthi ukuthi lungabhubhisi ngesikhathi seqhwa lasebusika.
Ngesikhathi sasebusika, isihlahla somuthi singagubungelwa ama-blackberries, ama-raspberries, iziqu ze-sunflower noma umhlonyane. Zonke lezi zitshalo ziboshwe eduze kwesiqu. I-harness kufanele yenziwe ekwindla sekwephuzile, uma kungenjalo ungangena isikhathi esizayo ngenkathi ekhulayo ngokuhlakanipha, futhi lokhu kuzoba nomthelela omubi ebusweni bebusika besitshalo.
Uyazi? Ngo-2005, irekhodi elisha lesisindo se-apula eyodwa lirekhodiwe eJapane. Wayengu-1 849 kg, kanti uChisato Iwasaki wakhulisa.Ngemuva kokuwa kwamaqabunga, ungakhohlwa ukucubungula izihlahla ngekhambi le-urea noma le-copper sulfate. Ekwindla sekwephuzile, susa zonke izithelo ezibolile nezifakwe emthini. Ungakwazi ukufaka i-feeder bird esihlahleni.
Ebusika, izinyoni zizobhubhisa zonke izinambuzane esihlahleni. Ngandlela-thile, akekho owakwenqabela izigqoko ezimhlophe zokubanda ebusika. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-whitewash isiza isitshalo ukubekezelela izinguquko ngokuzumayo ekushiseni. I-Apple-tree "iZvezdochka" ngokusho kwencazelo yezitshalo yizo ezihlukahlukene ezihlukahlukene emhlabeni wonke we-apula ebusika, okubukeka sengathi kuhle kakhulu futhi kuvumelana nesithombe, futhi lesi sihlahla se-apula sinokubukezwa okuhle kakhulu kusuka kubalimi. Ngakho-ke, ukutshala umuthi onjalo wezithelo endaweni ngeke nakanjani ulethe injabulo kuphela.
