Incazelo - isitshalo se-chameleon kusuka emndenini weGesneriaceae. Endle, ithanda amahlathi ansundu, anomswakama, afinyelela kumamitha ayi-2 000 ngaphezu kolwandle.
Incazelo
Umbhalo uyaziswa ngamahlamvu awo. Iza ngemibala ehlukahlukene: i-emerald, i-jade, yethusi, ithusi, isiliva. Imifino ithululelwa yi-nacre. Ezinhlotsheni eziningi, iphethini ibonwa esifundeni esiphakathi seqabunga.
Amapuleti amaqabunga anesimo esihlukile: esiyindilinga, okusaqanda, okusobala. Ingaphezulu labo libushelelezi nge-luster noma i-pubescent, efana ne-velvet. Imiphetho ibushelelezi.
I-inflorescence ngesimo sensimbi emqubeni efushaniswe namaphilisi ama-5. Iqhakaza ngoJulayi-Septhemba. Ukwakheka kwama-red buds avuthayo kwenzeka ngesilinganiso esisodwa noma sezimbali.
Inezinambuzane ezinwabuzelayo nezimpondo, njengama-sitrobheli. Ngenxa yabo, lesi sitshalo siphindaphindwa.
Ukubukwa kwasekhaya
Akuzona zonke izinhlobo zezitshalo ezikwazi ukuguqula indawo yokuhlala yasendle ibe yizimo zasekamelweni. Incazelo inezinhlobo ezilandelayo ezingatshalwa ekhaya:
| Ibanga | Incazelo |
| Copper. | Ukubuka okukhulu. Ngokunwebeka okusaqanda okwenziwe ngendlela engemuva kwesisekelo. Amahlamvu aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngombala obomvu opende obephenduka umbala wombala, i-velvet. I-strak emhlophe ibonwa endaweni ephakathi yeqabunga, okwenza umehluko. Ipuleti libomvu kusuka endaweni ephansi. Umcibisholo ophezu kwaso ungamakhandlela aluhlaza okotshani. Greenery elangeni shimmers. I-inflorescence ibomvu obomvu noma ivutha umlilo. Ukuqala kwamacembe kuphuzi. Izimbali zenziwa ehlobo lonke. |
| Umhlobiso. | Abanye ochwepheshe bahlukanisa le nhlobonhlobo kuhlobo oluhlukile lwe-Alfaia. Njengazo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane, ine-antennae enama-rosette endodakazi, izinqubo ezimfushane, ezinamachashaza anamaqabunga amancane emikhawulweni. Ipuleti liluhlaza okotshani, kubukeka sengathi kumnyama. Isigaxa esimfushane sigijima phakathi. Izimbali zimhlophe ngama-freckles abomvu ezansi. Umphetho wamaphini abo anentambo. |
| Ukukhamba. | Leli gama kungenxa yokuqina kwamagatsha, kwakheka inethiwekhi eminyene yamahlumela. Izinhlobonhlobo zinamaqabunga amancane (ubude 9 cm, ububanzi 4-5 cm). Ipuleti elinombala we-oliva ovela esifundeni esingaphezulu, obomvu buthule ngezansi, limbozwe nge-villi. Ukwakheka kwamaqabunga kumise okwenhliziyo. Izibhebhe zibomvu. Ama-petals crimson ngaphakathi, anegazi ngaphandle. Izimbali zivela ngoJulayi kuya kuSepthemba. |
| Isosha le-chocolate. | Unamaqabunga aqine. Inethiwekhi yemithambo iyabonakala emapuletini, ibenze babe nokuqina futhi baxutshwe. Amahlamvu aluhlaza futhi onsomi. Izimbali zibonwa isikhathi eside. |
| Ubuhle behlathi. | Amahlamvu ane-silver lavender hue ene-tint eblue. Izimbali ezi-pastel pink zibonwa ngesilinganiso esisodwa. Zincane ngosayizi. |
| Izibani zaseNyakatho. | Amaqabunga anenhlanganisela eyingqayizivele ye-lilac-yegolide neluhlaza obumnyama ne-tint nsundu. Amapulangwe angama-pubescent, anama-cross-veins. Amacembe abomvu obomvu. |
| Isiliva likhanye. | Amaqabunga ayakhuphuka, ayindilinga anamaphethelo akhombe. Imifino ekhanyayo eluhlaza okotshani ngombala we-silvery. Phakathi kwamaqabunga kunezimbali ezingandile ze-hue ebomvu. |
| Blue Nile. | Kuyivelakancane. Inika izimbali zasezulwini nge-lavender tint. Umaphakathi wabo uphuzi. Amahlamvu aluhlaza onsundu ngefluff. Maphakathi kukhona umfudlana womnqumo ohlaza okotshani onemithambo ephakathi. |
| Izulu lesiliva. | Ama-inflorescence abomvu abomvu ahlukile ngokumelene nesizinda sehlamvu lwesiliva. |
| I-panther epinki. | Akudingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile, ikhula ibe ngosayizi omkhulu. Izimbali ezinkulu, sitrobheli esikhanyayo. Amahlamvu aluhlaza nge-calcareous, tint yethusi. Amapulangwe angafinyelela amasentimitha ayishumi nanhlanu. |
| Pink acaju. | Amaqabunga aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngemithungo eluhlaza eneqhwa, ama-splashes apinki. Ama-blooms ane-inflorescence ebomvu ebomvu enomgogodla ophuzi. |
| Umdweshu wehlosi. | Kuyafana nencazelo ye-tiger. Isici esahlukile yimifino engaxutshwe nemifudlana yesiliva. |
| I-Strawberry patch. | Inamaqabunga amancane anamaphethelo akhombe. Imifino igqamile, ibomvana ngokubomvu. I-Scarlet buds enesisekelo selamula. |
| I-chocolate khekhe. | Ama-greens-brown greens anemigqa epinki. Ama-inflorescence abomvu. |
| URonnie | Amahlumela angamakhorali, amaqabunga ansundu anemifudlana yesiliva eluhlaza. |
| Degas | Amaqabunga aluhlaza-nsundu anemigqa. Ama-inflorescence makhulu, abomvu. |
| Aloha Mauna Loa. | Ifaka amaqabunga ahlanganisiwe abukeka njengombala oluhlaza okotshani. Izimbali ezibomvu ezibomvu. Kuyinto i-hybrid efulelwe ngqo ukusetshenziswa ekhaya. |
| Owesifazane waseDashi. | Amacembe amdaka ngombala, velvety, aphakathi ngosayizi. Imithambo ekhanyayo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, yesiliva-yeparele inephethini le-herringbone. I-inflorescence ibomvu ngombala opinki. |
Ekhaya, izinhlobo ze-watercolor ziyafuywa. Bahlukaniswa umbala ongafani wamahlamvu futhi awatholakali ezimweni zemvelo. Izinhlobo ezilandelayo ziyadingeka phakathi kwabatshali bezimbali: iDanae, Inessa, iBlack Queen, iStrawberry eyimfihlakalo (Strawberry mist) neStrawberry patch, Safari, TM-Sahara, umugqa weTiger, iTricolor, uBrown ubuhle, iPanama emhlophe, iLilacina viridis, iLanga Gold (Chimera), Dixie I-Dynamite, i-Smoky Topaz, i-Country Kitten, iCoco, i-Grey-hair-Lady, i-Longwood, i-Foam yolwandle, iNeptune, i-Silver Tire, i-Miniature Symphony (i-symphony), i-Temptation, i-Sports, uSuomi, uHelen Dixie.
Ukunakekelwa Kwasekhaya
Ukunakekelwa ekhaya kwesiqephu kufanele kwenziwe ngokwemithetho yonke:
| I-Factor | Izincomo |
| Indawo | Indawo ibalulekile lapho ikhula. Ibhodwe kunconywa ukuthi libekwe efasiteleni elisenyakatho. Uma lokhu kwenziwa kusuka eningizimu, isitshalo sihambisa amamitha ambalwa ukusuka ewindini. Lapho kubekwa indawo yokuqhakaza yezimbali ivela entshonalanga noma empumalanga, imiswa kusukela ohlangothini lwesobunxele noma olungakwesokudla kwewindows sill. |
| Isibani | Ukukhanya kumele kusetshenziswe. Isitshalo asithandi imisebe yelanga eqondile. Ebusika, ukukhanya okwengeziwe kuyadingeka ukwelula amahora okukhanya kwelanga amahora amaningi. |
| Umswakama | Isikhombi esincane somswakama esingama-60%. Ukuyandisa, kunconywa ukubeka iziqukathi eduze kwamanzi ngesisombululo sezisombululo zamanzi noma i-moss, ubumba olwandisiwe, i-coconut fiber, i-peat, i-moisturizing yona. Uma lokhu kungenele, khona-ke imbiza enesitshalo ingathuthelwa ekhishini (lapho umswakama womoya uphakeme). Phalaza usule. |
| Ukushisa | Asikho isikhathi esibi kusiqephu. Uzizwa unethezekile kusuka ku-+ 22 ° kuya ku- + 26 ° C. Ebusika, izinga lokushisa lingakwehliswa liye ku-18 ° C. Ku + 16 ° imbali iyafa. Ngo-+ 30 ° nangaphezulu, uzosinda, kodwa ngokunisela okufanele. |
Imbiza, inhlabathi, ukufakelwa
Ama-rhizomes imbali mncane futhi athambile. Suka eduze kwenhlabathi. Ngakho-ke, ukuze utshale, udinga ukukhetha umtshali ongajulile noma isitsha esibanzi. Isitshalo sitshalwe ngamaqembu (amathathu noma ngaphezulu).
Lapho ukhula imbali "indlela ebunjiwe" udinga ukukhetha imbiza enkulu ukuze kube nesikhala esanele sokubambelela ezintuthwane. Uma ukwehlukanisa kwenziwa endaweni yokutshala elengayo, khona-ke umthamo ungathathwa ungaphansi: amadevu azoncipha.
Inhlabathi ilula, ine-acidity ephakathi. Umhlabathi uqukethe umhlaba wamashidi, Peat nesihlabathi (3: 1: 1). Kungezwa i-Sphagnum nomlotha. Ukudonswa kwamanzi kuyimpoqo: phansi kufakwe ubumba olwandisiwe noma i-polystyrene (ungqimba amasentimitha amathathu).
Isitshalo sikhula ngokushesha, sitshalwe kabusha njalo ezinyangeni eziyishumi nambili. Kwenzeka kanjena:
- into iyaniselwa futhi isuswe ngokucophelela ebhodweni le-cache;
- impande iyahlolwa: izindawo ezomile nez ezibolile ziyasuswa;
- ungqimba wokudonsa ongamasentimitha amathathu ubekwe phansi, inhlabathi ithululelwa ngaphezulu;
- kokwehla, ukuchelela.
Ukujikeleza kwembiza yokufakelwa akufanele kudlule ku-20 cm.
Ukunisela
Ukuchelela okuningi kuyadingeka ukusuka ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kuya ku-Okthoba, zonke ezinye izinsuku. Lapho ukuchelela, kubalulekile ukuba unake izinga lokushisa nomswakama. Ebusika, ungaxhaphaza kaningi: linda kuze kufike lapho inhlabathi ephezulu yomile ngokuphelele. Amanzi akhanywa kwisobho kufanele athululwe ngokushesha. Umswakama owengeziwe uzosicekela phansi lesi sitshalo, kanye nokomisa ngaphandle.
Amanzi athathwa athambile, axazulula izinsuku ezingama-2-3. Ukushisa - + 28- + 30ºС. Amanzi ompompi atholakala nge-lime acid.
Kuyadingeka ukuthi uqiniseke ukuthi amaconsi awawa emifuzweni: kusetshenziselwa ukuthambisa ngakhala elikhala. Amanzi athululelwa eceleni kwemiphetho yamabhodwe.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Ngokukhula okusebenzayo, ukugcotshwa okuphezulu ngomanyolo we-organic noma oyinkimbinkimbi wezimbali zasendlini kunconyiwe. Sebenzisa nokugqoka okuphezulu kokuhlobisa amahlamvu nezitshalo zezimbali. Ungayithenga esitolo esikhethekile.
Umthamo uboniswa ekuhlanganisweni komanyolo, uncishiswa izikhathi ezi-2-2,5.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwenziwa kabili ngenyanga. Ekwindla nasebusika, awudingi ukufaka umquba enhlabathini. Lapho inhlabathi isephuze, umcimbi awukwazi ukufeza: ungashisa izimpande.
Ukubumba nokubumba
Amahlumela amasha akufanele ancike ebhodweni: ayadalulwa futhi alimale. Lokhu kungagwenywa ngokufaka ikhubalo le-20 cm ezimbizeni nokulungisa izinqubo kulo. Lapho amahlumela egcwalisa, angavunyelwa ukuhluma ngokwawo.
Izinqubo ezinde zinezimpande ezimbizeni zamakhelwane ezingomakhelwane. Ngakho-ke, badinga ukuncishiswa. Izinyawo zamadodakazi zingatshalwa ebhodweni ngencazelo kamama. Isitshalo sizoba sihle ngokwengeziwe futhi sibabazekayo.
Ukuzala
Izindlela:
- ngembewu;
- izisekelo zezingane;
- amahlumela aseceleni;
- ukusika.
Lapho kusakazwa ngembewu, lesi sitshalo kuma 90% wamacala alahlekelwa yizici zalo ezihlukile. Ukufakwa emhlabathini kwenziwa ngoJanuwari noma ngoJuni ungqimba lomhlaba, ngaphandle kokufafaza. Imbewu idinga izimo zokugcina ukushisa + 20ºС. Amahlumela wokuqala akhonjiswa ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10-14. Ngemuva kwenyanga bangatshalwa badluliselwe ezitsheni ezihlukile.
Lapho kusakazwa ama-rosette, wona, awahlukani nencazelo yabantu abadala, angcwatshwa enhlabathini futhi agxilile. Ngemuva kwalokho, imbali ibekwa ebhodweni lezimbali elisha noma elitshalwe kwisitshalo sikamama. Izimpande ziyavela ngesonto elizayo.
Izisiki ezisikiwe kahle, ezaziphathwa ngaphambilini nge “Kornevin,” zitshalwa emhlabathini olungiselelwe ngaphambilini. Kumbozwe ngengilazi. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, ukusikeka kuzokhula.
Izimpondo ezithuthukisiwe zinqunywa esitshalweni sikamama. Ngayinye ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezintathu futhi igxilile emanzini. Okulandelayo, ukufika.
Izinkinga ezingaba khona
Ngamaphutha wokunakekelwa, kuphakama izinkinga:
| Inkinga | Siyini isizathu nokuthi ungasiqeda kanjani? |
| On the green, amabala ansundu yesimo okungajwayelekile kwakheka. | Lapho unisela, kusetshenziswa amanzi abandayo kakhulu. Ngaphambi kwenqubo, kufanele kufudunyezwe. |
| Luhlaza luphenduka ophuzi, luyawa. | Kukhona izakhamzimba eziningi emhlabathini: udinga ukufaka umanyolo isitshalo kaningi. Isizathu singalala ekuchayweni okungapheli kwemisebe ye-ultraviolet, ukuthambisa ngokweqile. |
| I-Foliage igxotshwe otshanini. | Imbali ayivelwanga kangako, kepha kakhulu. |
| Imikhawulo yamaqabunga iba nsundu, yomile. | Ukuntuleka komswakama emoyeni noma emhlabathini. |
| Kushiya kubuna, kufiphele, kunciphe. | Isitshalo asinakho ukukhanya. Kufanele ibekwe eduze kwefasitela noma isebenzise izibani ezingeziwe. |
| Ama-greens ambozwe ngenhlanganisela emnyama noma embozwe mpunga. | Imbali ayinawo umoya omusha owanele: igumbi lidinga ukufakwa umoya omncane njalo, noma ukufakelwa kuyadingeka. |
| Aluqhakaza. | I-aeration iniselwa kancane, inhlabathi inesikhathi sokuyoma. Lokhu kungahle kube ngenxa yokuningi kwe-nitrogen enhlabathini, ukuntuleka komanyolo, umoya owomile noma obandayo. |
| Ukuntuleka kwezimbali, ukwelula iziqu. | Isitshalo asinakho ukukhanya. |
Izifo, izilokazane
Izindlela zokuqeda izifo, izilokazane:
| Lesi sifo | Ungabona kanjani | Ukuvimbela kanye nokwelashwa |
| Izinhliziyo | Isitshalo siphenduka siphuzi bese siyoma, inhlanganisela engwevu, izigaxa ezifana noboya bekotini zivele emaqabunga. | Kunconywe ukugcina umswakama wekamelo uphezulu: lokhu kuvimbela ukwenziwa kabusha kwenkathazo. Kuyadingeka ukususa amaqabunga omisiwe. Lesi sitshalo singalashwa ngokotini ofakwe kumasokisi wesepha noma sifafazwe ngoketshezi olufanayo. Esitolo ungathenga izidakamizwa ngokulwa namagciwane: Tanrek, Apache. |
| AmaNematode | Lezi yizibungu ezomelela ama-rhizomes. Isitshalo sikhula kabi, amaqabunga awo aqhekeka. | Kuyadingeka ukugcina izinga lokushisa elidingekayo futhi ugcine imithetho yokunisela: ukushisa nomswakama owedlulele kusiza ama-nematode ukuthi andise. Ukususa i-parasite, izimpande zesitshalo zidilizwa emanzini ashisayo + 50ºС. I-Mercaptophos, izixazululo ze-BI-58 ziyasiza. Lapho isitshalo sithinteka kakhulu, kufanele sibhujiswe bese inhlabathi ilahliwe. |
| Ukubola kwezimpande | Izimpande ziba zithambile, amahlamvu ayaphela. | Ukuvimbela ukwakheka kokubola, kuyadingeka ukukhipha amanzi ngokweqile ngesikhathi, ukugwema ukuzuma. Lapho ukutshala nokufakelwa, kunconywa ukusebenzisa umuthi i-Gliocladin. Ukususa ukubola, udinga ukukhipha amagciwane ebhodweni namathuluzi athuthukisiwe. |
| Isikhala sesicabucabu | Ukhula lube lunamandla, lubuye lubome. I-petiole ine-web spider. Izindawo ezingama-Beige-yellowish ziyavela phansi kwamapuleti amaqabunga. | Kuyadingeka ukukhulisa umswakama womoya, ukwenza amahlandla kathathu noma kathathu ngesonto (ikakhulukazi ingxenye engezansi yephepha). Ukuqeda amagciwane, abulala amagciwane ebhodweni, ungathenga ubuthi esitolo. Ungabhekana nale nkinga uma ugcina lesi sitshalo esitsheni kanye no-anyanisi, i-horseradish, ukumnika kagwayi noma uphalafini, osongwe nge-polyethylene, izinsuku ezintathu noma ezine. Imbali ifafazwa ngempuphu emisiwe ehlanganisiwe emnyama. |
| Ama-Thrips | Ama-parasites angabonakala ngeso le-naked, enyakazisa amaqabunga. Zincane, zinsundu noma zimnyama. Kuvela imigqa eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka emaqabungeni, ifana nokuklwebheka. Imifino iba mhlophe noma i-silvery. | Ukugwema ukugula, igumbi linomoya, umswakama ugcinwa kulo. Eduze kwembiza kunconywa ukufaka amadivaysi okubamba izimpukane. Ezinye izitshalo kufanele zigcinwe kude nencazelo. Ukuqothula inkathazo, kusetshenziswa ubuthi obuthengiwe. I-anyanisi ne-infusions yegalikhi ibekwe eduzane. Imbali iniselwa ngama-decoctions amakhambi okwelapha. |
Izimpawu nezinkolelo-ze
Izimpawu nezinkolelo-ze ezihambisana nembali: isikhathi eside kunenkolelo yokuthi incwadi ethunyelwe iletha uthando nenjabulo endlini. Ngenxa yalokhu, ungenza amakhophi amaningana wesitshalo ekhaya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imbali ayinasisekelo ekunakekelweni.
