Lezi zimbali ezinemibala enamandla ye-motley ziyakwazi ukuhlobisa noma yiliphi idimu lembali, ipaki noma ihlobo lehlobo. Ehlukile ngokwakheka, yonke imibala engenzeka, ubukhulu obuhlukahlukene nobukhulu, ngephunga elithambile kanye nesikhathi eside sezimbali. Inkulumo - mayelana ne-dahlias: izitshalo ezihlala zithenga ezivela emndenini we-Asteraceae (Aster). I-genus ihlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-40. Endle, lezi zimbali zitholakala eMexico naseGuatemala. Esikhathini esasetshenziswa cishe izinhlobo eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-15. Ezinkingeni ze-dahlias ekhulayo ensimini, funda ngezansi.
Dahlia okungapheli
I-Dahlia iyisitshalo esihlala isikhathi eside esineziqu ezingenalutho ezingafinyeleleka ekuphakameni kwama-30 kuya ku-250 cm kanye nesistimu enkulu, enamandla ngezimo eziyizigaxa. Ubukhulu, ukuma nombala wezimbali zesitshalo zihluka kakhulu. Zingafinyelela ububanzi obungama-3 kuya ku-35 cm.
Kuye ngesimo sabo, kunezinhlobo ezingu-10:
- okulula;
- izinkanyezi;
- semikactus;
- i-cactus terry;
- i-pompon;
- i-spherical;
- ukuhlobisa;
- i-peony;
- ikholomu;
- anemonovid.
Amaqabunga embali nawo ahlukene ngendlela ehlukile futhi enemibala - ingaba kusuka eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuze kube mnyama.
Izimbali ze-dahlia ezingapheli zibhekwa yisikhathi eside sezimbali, esivela ngoJulayi kuya kuNovemba, ngokuqondile nakakhulu kuze kube seqhwa kuqala. Ngalesi sikhathi, bayathokozisa abanikazi babo kanye nabadlulayo ngemibala ehlukahlukene - azikho izinhlobo kuphela ezibuthakathaka obuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Naphezu kobuhle bayo obuhle, lesi sitshalo asizithobeki ngokuphelele ekunakekeleni. Ngokuvamile kuvame ukutshala emhlabathini ovulekile kuma-flowerbeds, izingqimba ze-curb, ama-mixborders, noma kunjalo, izinhlobo ezithile zifanelekile ukukhula ezimbizeni, iziqukathi. Izinhlobo ezinamazinyo ezisetshenziswe ku-rabatkah.
Uyazi? Igama le-dahlia laqanjwa nge-ethnographer odumile waseRussia uJohanna Georgi ngo-1803. Igama lesiLatin elithi flower Dahlia lazuza ngegama le-botanist evela eSweden u-Andreas Dahl ngo-1791.
Izimo ezikhulayo
Izimo eziyinhloko zokulima ngokuphumelelayo kwama-dahlias yizi:
- ukukhethwa kwezindawo ngokuhambisana nezidingo zesitshalo;
- ukuhlinzeka ngokubunjwa kwenhlabathi okudingekayo;
- ukuchelela okuvamile;
- kwenziwe kahle ukugqoka;
- imisebenzi yokwakhiwa kwesihlahla.
Ukukhanyisa
Empeleni, i-dahlias ingakhula kunoma ikuphi ukukhanya. Into ewukuthi ezindaweni ezinomthunzi abazobe behlobisa kancane futhi banciphise isikhathi sokuqhakaza - izimbali ziyokhula zibe mncane futhi zikhule kancane. Ezinhle kunazo zonke lezo zitshalo ezikhula emthunzini obala obala. Uma kungenjalo isayithi elinjalo, kufanele itshalwe endaweni evulekile, ilanga, kodwa ivikeleke emoyeni.
Izimo zezulu
Njengoba izwe lakwa-dahlias zasendle lingamazwe afudumele, lesi sitshalo si-thermophilic. Kumele itshalwe lapho kungabikho usongo lwe-frosts entwasahlobo, ezweni elishisayo.
Kungenxa yothando lokushisa ukuthi ebusika yonke indawo yomhlabathi ishona, kuphela izilimo eziyizigaxa ezidinga ukuguzwa futhi zigcinwe kuze kufike isitshalo.
Sincoma ukuthi uzijwayeze ngezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo kanye nezici ezikhethekile zokukhulisa i-dahlia yonyaka.
Izimpawu zomhlabathi
Ngokusho kwenhlabathi, i-dahlias nayo ihlonipha - zikhule kunoma yikuphiNoma kunjalo, umhlobiso omuhle uboniswa uma ukhulile emhlabathini omnyama, i-loam ne-sandy loam.
Uma umhlaba unomsoco, i-asidi izodinga ukunciphisa ngokungeza i-lime, ufulawa wama dolomite, umlotha. Enye yalezi zindlela ihlakazekile kusayithi, bese ixubene nomhlabathi. Lokhu kungenziwa kokubili ekwindla futhi ngokushesha ngaphambi kokutshala izilimo eziyizigaxa. 
Ngaphambi kwenhlabathi ye-alkali kufanele iqinisekiswe ngokusebenzisa i-peat.
Enhlabathini enzima, kubalulekile ukwengeza ingxube ehlanganisa ama-humus, i-peat nesihlabathi. Ngakho ungakwazi ukufeza ukukhishwa okukhulu komoya.
Okudingekayo kuqala ukugeleza okuhle. Ngoba lisebenzisa izitshalo zobumba noma izitini eziphukile.
Ngokuba ukutshala ama-dahlias ngeke kuhambisane nezindawo ezithuthukile kanye nendawo eseduze yamanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Akunconywa ngokucacile ukutshala ezindaweni eziphansi.
Izici zokutshala ama-dahlias osetshenziswayo
Ukutshala ama-dahlias, udinga ukuthenga izinto zokutshala. Izitolo kukhona imbewu, izimpande, cuttings, izithombo. Okuhamba phambili uma ukhetha ukuhlala ezilimo eziyizigaxa kanye nembewu. Ukusebenzisa owokuqala ukwenza lula ukufika futhi ngokushesha.
Indlela yokukhetha izilimo eziyizigaxa ezifanele zokutshala
Uma ukhetha izilimo eziyizigaxa ezingapheli, kudingeka, okokuqala, ukuba unake izinga labo kanye nokutholakala kwezakhi ezidingekayo ekutshaleni nokugcinwa okuphumelelayo: izicucu ezingu-2-3 cm ze-stem, impande yentamo kanye namafihlethi, ama-nodules 1-3. Zonke izakhi kufanele zigcine kahle entanyeni yezintambo futhi kungenaso icala dangle kuso. 
Izilimo eziyizigaxa kufanele zikhethwe ezibonakalayo, zibukeka kahle - zingakhuli, hhayi ezomile, ngaphandle kokubola, izindawo.
Uma izilimo eziyizigaxa zithengwa isikhathi eside ngaphambi kwenqubo yokutshala, khona-ke zidinga ukusindiswa ngendlela efanayo nangesikhathi sasebusika. Ungafunda mayelana nesitoreji esifanele ngezansi.
Ukulungiselela kokutshala izinto
Ngaphambi kokutshala ama-dahlias, kubalulekile ukuhluma izilimo eziyizigaxa emva kwasebusika noma, uma kuthengwa kuphela, uzilungiselele ukutshala emhlabathini ovulekile. Yenza ngesidingo April-May. Izimpande ezomile zisusiwe kubo.
Bese utshalwe ezigulini ezigcwele isakhi se-nutrient noma peat. Izilimo eziyizigaxa azingena ngaphakathi enhlabathini - cishe u-2-3 cm kufanele zihlale phezulu. Amathangi abekwe ekamelweni elikhanyayo futhi ashiye lapho izinsuku ezingu-10-14 ekushiseni kuka-18-22 ° C. Ngalesi sikhathi kufanele kuvele amahlumela. Khona-ke izilimo eziyizigaxa zihlukaniswe ngommese ukuze ingxenye ngayinye ibe nezinso nezinsika zempande. I-tuber eyodwa ivame ukunikeza izingxenye ezinhlanu ezinjalo.
Izingxenye zibuyiselwa ezinkomeni ezine-germination substrate. Ngaphambi kokuba batshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile, kubalulekile ukususa amahlumela angu-10-centimeter side. Ukutshala emhlabathini ovulekile kwenziwa ngemuva kokuba amahlumela afinyelele ukuphakama kwe-10-15 cm.
Kubalulekile! Izingxenye zezilimo eziyizigaxa zingatshalwa ngokushesha emhlabathini ovulekile, kodwa kulokhu i-dahlias izokwehlisa isikhathi sokumbali.
Imithetho yokufika
Emithonjeni lapho kuhlelwe khona ukutshala izilimo eziyizigaxa, kuyinto efiselekayo ukuletha ubuncane bomquba (umquba), i-lime nomlotha. Udaba oluphezulu lwezinto eziphilayo kufanele lufafazwe ngomhlabathi ukuvimbela ukushisa kwezilimo eziyizigaxa.
Umgodi kufanele ube ukujula kwe-bayonet ye-spade. Bese phansi ezitsheni zibeka kahle izilimo eziyizigaxa bese zifafazwe umhlaba. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ikhola yempande ayikwazi ukujula kakhulu - lokhu kugcwele ukubola.
Ngemuva kokutshala, umhlabathi kufanele uphuze kahle futhi ugcwale. Ukunciphisa, ngaphezu kokusikhulula ekusizeni okuqhubekayo nokukhipha izinqubo, kuvikela izitshalo ezivela ezinambuzane ezinjenge-slugs.
Ukunakekela izimbali ensimini
Ukunakekela i-dahlias kulula. Iqukethe kuphela izenzo ezintathu:
- ukuchelela;
- ukugqoka;
- isakhiwo se-shrub.
Uma wenza amaphutha kwezobuchwepheshe bezolimo, ungase futhi ulwa nezifo noma izinambuzane eziyingozi: izinambuzane, ama-aphid, i-earwigs, izibungu zesicabucabu, izimbungulu, ama-slugs.
Lapho uneminyaka emibili noma emithathu, ama-dahlias kuzodingeka atshalwe ngokuhlukaniswa. Uma kungenjalo izimbali zazo ziyohlehla njalo ngonyaka.
Indlela yokuphuza izitshalo
Inhlabathi ngaphansi kwesitshalo kufanele ihlale imanzi kancane. Ngemva kokutshala, izinsuku ezingu-7-10, i-dahlias iphuziswa. nsuku zonke. Esikhathini esizayo, lokhu kufanele kwenziwe kaningi kancane - okungenani kabili ngesonto. Ukuchelela ngokweqile kugcwele ukubola kwe-tuber nokubekezelelana okuncane ngesikhathi sebusika.
Ukunisela okumele kube khona kufanele kuhlanganiswe nokukhishwa kwendawo ye-stalk. 
Ngemuva kokuba izitshalo sezikhulile kancane, emva kokunisela okunye, ukuphakama kwazo kufanele kwenziwe ngo-15 cm. Izinhlobo ezide kufanele ziboshwe ekusekelweni okuzinzile, ngoba izitshalo ezingenalutho ziphuka kalula lapho kuqhuma umoya. Kodwa ngisho ne-stem ephukile, lesi sitshalo singasindiswa ngokuyibopha ngokushesha ekusekeleni okunwebekayo ngendlela yenduku noma igatsha.
Uyazi? Kusukela eMexico kuya eYurophu, ama-dahlias alethwe ngo-1789. Ekuqaleni, amaSpain ayefuna ukudla izilimo eziyizigaxa njengamazambane. Kodwa-ke, sebezwile ukuthi babengenasidingo, banquma ukutshala kuphela ngenjongo yokuhlobisa, futhi inkosi yayala ukuba itshalwe kuphela ensimini yobukhosi.
Ukudla uDahlia
Ukufeza inani eliphakeme kakhulu lokuhlobisa futhi ubude be-dahlias ezimbali kufanele bukhule. njalo amasonto amabili. Kungcono ukwedlulisa isicelo sokufaka umanyolo wamaminerali kanye nemvelo.
Lapho kuvela amaqabunga okuqala, umanyolo we-potash kanye ne-superphosphate kufakwa kulezi zimbali. I-Dahlias ayidingi izithako ze-nitrogen.
Inqubo yokugcina umanyolo kumele yenziwe ekupheleni kwehlobo. Uma kungenjalo, izilimo eziyizigaxa ziyoba kubi kakhulu.
Izici zokwakhiwa kwesihlahla
Ukwakhiwa kwesihlahla kuwukuthi amakhefu avamile ukuhluma kwezimbali kanye nokukhishwa kwamahlumela asetsheni kusukela ezitshalweni ezide. Uma ama-buds awaphuli ngesikhathi, azovimbela ukubukeka kwezifihlekile ezilandelayo, ngakho-ke, uzolibaziseka izimbali.
Kungenzeka ukufezekisa ama-inflorescences amakhulu, ushiya amahlumela amathathu kuphela esihlahleni ngasinye.
Ngokushesha ngemva kokutshala, ngokukhethwa okucacile kwamahlumela abalulekile, kubalulekile ukukhetha ezimbili ezinamandla kakhulu, futhi ususe konke okunye. Ngakho ungakwazi ukugwema ukudla okungadingekile.
Amahlumela eseceleni aphuma ngaphambi kokwakheka kwefihlekile. Wonke amahlumela asuswa kuze kube seqabini lesine lamaqabunga avela emhlabathini. Iziqongo zamahlumela ezivela emgqeni wesine wamashidi, ukususa iphuzu eliyinhloko lokukhula.
Kamuva lokhu kukhonsa kwenziwa emahlumela ohlangothini.
Izilimo eziyizigaxa nazo ziveza i-buttercups, i-tulips, i-gladioli, i-daffodils, i-freesia, i-callas, i-cannes.
Ukumba nokugcina ebusika
Kusukela ekupheleni kukaSeptemba (kungenzeka kamuva, kuye ngezimo zezulu zesifunda lapho i-dahlias ikhula khona), lapho iziqu zifa, izilimo eziyizigaxa zidinga ukususwa ngokucophelela enhlabathini bese zifakwa ezimweni ezidingekayo kuze kube sebusika ukuze zihlume futhi entwasahlobo. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi endaweni efanayo dahlias akumele itshalwe iminyaka engaphezu kwemibili elandelana. Izitshalo zinqunywa 10-15 cm emhlabathini. Izilimo eziyizigaxa zitholwa endaweni esomile. Okokuqala, banjelwa kude ebangeni elingama-30 cm. Ukumba enye kumele kusetshenziswe amafoloko - kanye nazo izilimo eziyizigaxa zixoshwa futhi zikhishwe emhlabathini.
Bese kudingeka badonsa, bahlanze umhlabathi bese boma amahora 4-5 elangeni noma ezinsukwini ezimbili endlini. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukukhetha izilimo eziyizigaxa. Kule nqubo, i-potassium permanganate kufanelekile, noma amathuluzi afana ne- "Maxim", "Vitaron". Ngemuva kokugqoka, izilimo eziyizigaxa nazo zidinga ukuba zome.
Izilimo eziyizigaxa ezomisiwe kufanele zigcinwe endlini ngehora lokushisa. + 2-7 ° C kungaba efrijini. Zifakwa ebhokisini noma esikhwameni seplastiki nge-peat, sawdust, nesihlabathi. Ungaphinda ugoqe ngokunamathela ifilimu. 
Izilimo eziyizigaxa zidinga ukuphindwa ngezikhathi ezithile futhi ziskenwe ukuze zibole.
Kubalulekile! Uma izilimo eziyizigaxa zikhula ngenkathi zigcinwa, kufanele zisuswe endaweni epholile futhi zitshalwe esitsheni ngenhlabathi, isibonelo, embizeni ejwayelekile yembali. Izimpande akufanele zijule, nje ukufafaza kancane ngomhlaba.
Njengoba utshale ama-dahlias amahle kunazo zonke ezinhlobonhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene kunoma yiliphi igumbi legadi yakho noma i-cottage, ungakha isitayela esiyingqayizivele sendawo yakho. Zihle kakhulu ngokuhambisana ne-irises, i-peonies. Okungajwayelekile ukufika okukodwa ngemuva kwesihlahla somhlabathi.
Ukuze ubasize bafeze ubukhulu obukhulu be-inflorescences, imibala ekhanyayo kakhulu yamagundane, ubude obuphakeme kakhulu nokuqina kwe-stem, ukugwema izifo kanye nezifo eziphazamisayo kuzokusiza imishini eqhutshwa kahle yezolimo, okuyinto elula kakhulu futhi iyatholakala kubantu abaqala ukutshala insimu yembali.
