Phakathi kwezihlahla ezihlukahlukene zezithelo kumele kugcizelelwe i-cherry. Okungenziwa nje kuphela kusukela kumajikijolo alo muthi: ama-compotes, iziphuzo zezithelo, izigamu kanye nemigodi sekuyisikhathi eside kuba yiziqu ezivamile ekhishini lanoma yiliphi umsikazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama cherry amnandi namanzi avame ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa amaqebelengwane noma ukugcwalisa ama-buns, amadombolo nezinye izitsha. Kodwa-ke, uma izinhlobo ezithile zezitshalo zilungele le njongo, abanye abanalo ukunambitheka okukhangayo. Kulesi sihloko sizokhuluma nge-cherry ebizwa ngokuthi "i-Black enkulu", ebonakala ngezici zayo ezithile, kanye nezinye izihlobo zayo, inezidingo zayo zokutshala nokunakekelwa okulandelayo.
I-Cherry "Inkulu enkulu": incazelo
Ngeshwa, ema-cottages ehlobo yanamuhla ama-cherries awela kancane. Izakhamuzi eziningi zasehlobo zenqaba ukuzikhulisa ukuze zithande ama-cherry amnandi, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokulula nokubonakala okukhangayo. Kodwa maduzane, izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingu-150 ezintsha nezithakazelisayo zama cherry zivele, lapho i-Black Large ikhona khona.
Zonke izinhlobonhlobo zama cherry zihlukaniswe yisikhathi sokuvuthwa: ekuqaleni ("I-Chocolate Girl"), ukuvuthwa okuphakathi ("Kharitonovskaya", "Vladimirskaya"), ukuvuthwa kwelanga ("Intsha", "Turgenevka").
Uma sikhuluma ngokubonakala kwalesi sihlahla sesithelo, sincane kakhulu (cishe ngo-3-4 amamitha) futhi siphume nomqhele obukhulu obunamapulangwe emzimbeni wepiramidi. Amagxolo we-trunk namahlumela amnyama amnyama (aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka emahlumela amancane), aphuza kancane futhi akaphuli. Ngamahlumela amade obukhulu obuphakathi, ama-internodes amakhulu abonakala ngokucacile.
I-Cherry "I-Black enkulu" inamaqabunga ama-oval amaningi awanamathele emahlumela, futhi amaqabunga amhlophe afana namabala amnyama anombala omnyama anemibala emincane emaphethelweni.
Uyazi? Izinhlobonhlobo eziMnyama eziMnyama zatholwa ngokuwela izinhlobo ezincane zokuqala zama cherry "Abomnyama abamnyama" no "Zhukovskaya", kuyilapho u-A.Ya. I-Voronchikhina - umbeleli wesiteshi seRossosh.
Ubukhulu obunomthelela obuhlukile kanye nezimbali zezihlahla ezikhula ezincane ze-inflorescences zezingcezu ezingu-2-3. Zinezikhala ezimhlophe ezimhlophe, zikhanye kancane ekupheleni kwezimbali.
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zibuye zibheke kakhulu ngamajikijolo amakhulu kakhulu, inqwaba efinyelela ku-5-7 amagremu. Banezinhlanzi, ezinomsoco, ezibomvu inyama, ezithandwa ngabalimi. Kumele ngithi lokhu kungenye yezinhlobo ezinhle kunazo zonke, nazo ezinomusa omuhle kakhulu we-dessert.
Kubalulekile! Itshe lamajikijolo lihlukaniswa kalula kumalitha, ngakho-ke akudingeki ukuba uthole okungcolile kakhulu ukususa.
Izinzuzo kanye nokungalungi kwama cherries "Okumnyama okukhulu"
I-Cherries "Black Large" inezinhlobo eziningi zezinzuzo, nakuba incazelo yayo akufanele ihluleke ukusho izinkinga. Ekhuluma ngezinzuzo zezinhlobonhlobo, kubalulekile ukuphawula isivuno esikhulu nokushesha, ngenxa yokuthi cishe ama-15-25 kg amajikijolo angavunwa emthini owodwa (oneminyaka engu-6-8).
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunzima kakhulu ukuvinjelwa kwesithwathwa inketho engamelana nokushisa okuphansi -32 ° -34 ° C ngaphandle kokulimaza izinso. Ngendlela, umuthi ubekezeleleke kahle futhi wesikhathi eside, okuyinto engathinti ikhwalithi yesitshalo.
Izinzuzo ze- "Black Large" kufanele zifakwe futhi indawo yonke yokuya kuyo, okungukuthi, amajikijolo afaneleka ngokufanelekile ukucubungula (ujamu, amakhemikhali, i-jam, i-compotes), kanye nokusetshenziswa okusha noma ukushisa (basuke begcinwe ngokuthula endaweni esiqandisini kuze kube izinyanga ezimbili).
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zihlukahlukene zibhekene nokuqala kokuqala kwefruiting, okusho ukuthi ngokushesha kakhulu (ekuqaleni kukaJulayi) uzokwazi ukujabulela amajikijolo amakhulu namanzi.
Ngokuqondene nezinselelo ze-cherry Black Black, uma ukhula, udinga ukulungele "umhlangano" ngezifo ezihlukahlukene ze-fungal, njengoba kubanda futhi kunomhlabathi isihlahla sivame abathintekayo yi-moniliasis noma i-coccomycosis. Isikhathi sokuphila se-cherry silinganiselwe eminyakeni engu-15-17, futhi isivuno sinciphisa ngobudala, futhi futhi asikhuthazi.
Funda futhi mayelana nokutshala i-cherry, i-bessey, i-pottery.
Indlela yokutshala i-cherry
Naphezu kokungahloniphi kwezinhlobonhlobo ezichazwe, kusekhona izidingo ezithile zokutshala nokunakekelwa kwazo. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nokutshala isithombo sembewu encane, qiniseka ukucabangela izincomo ezilandelayo.
Indlela yokukhetha indawo yokutshala ama cherry
Ukuqina okukhulu kwebusika kwe-cherry akusho ukuthi kungatshalwa kuphi. Kufanele ube nesithakazelo kuphela ezindaweni ezikhanyisiwe, ezifudumele futhi ezivikelwe emiphakathini yasenyakatho. Njengamanye ama cherry amaningi, lezi zinhlobonhlobo zithanda ukukhanya kwelanga okukhanyayo, nakuba kungakhula kahle emthunzini obala.
Ngakho-ke, izindawo eziseningizimu zesayithi lakho ziphelele. Akunconywa ukutshala isihlahla ezindaweni eziseduze nasemanzini angaphansi komhlaba noma ezindaweni eziphansi, lapho entwasahlobo kuvele khona ukuqhuma kwamanzi aqhakazile.
Izidingo ze-Black Cherry zenhlabathi
Ngokubunjwa kwenhlabathi, izithombo ze-Black Large Cherry awunayo izidingo eziphezuluKodwa-ke, kungcono ukutshala endaweni enesihlabathi esinezihlabathi ezinomhlabathi, oqoshiwe futhi osikiwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi (amagremu angama-400 we-lime asetshenziswa ngehora elilodwa lemitha). Ngemuva kweviki emva kokumba umhlabathi, kusetshenziselwa umanyolo (10-15 kg we-compost nge-1 m²).
Kubalulekile! Awukwazi ukwenza izinto eziphilayo ngesikhathi esifanayo ne-lime. Ngemuva kokumisa indawo kumele kube okungenani ngesonto.
Indlela yokutshala umuthi we-cherry "Black enkulu"
Isikhathi esihle sokutshala i-Cherry ingaphakathi ka-Ephreli, kusukela ngalesi sikhathi umhlaba usuvele ushisa futhi amaqabunga ayikaqala ukuqhakaza.. Ububanzi bomgodi wokutshala kubalwa ngokusayizi we-rhizome ye-seedling futhi ngokuvamile cishe ngo-80 cm. Ekujuleni, umbhede wokutshala kufanele ufinyelele ku-50-60 cm.
Uma ugoba umgodi, isendlalelo esivundile esingasenhla sisusiwe, sixubaniswe nama-humus (isilinganiso se-1: 1), emva kwalokho okuyi-1 kg yomlotha, ama-20-25 amagremu we-potassium chloride nama-30-40 amagremu we-superphosphate afakwe engxenyeni yehlabathi enomphumela.
Uma indawo isilungile, isikhonkwane esiphakeme kufanele siqhutshwe phakathi kwendawo yomgodi (kufanele siqhubekele u-30-40 cm ngaphezulu kwesakhiwo sendawo), futhi uthele ingxube yenhlabathi emgodini (10-15 kg we-topsoil ehlanganiswe ne-0.4 kg we-superphosphate ne-0 , 5 kg umlotha).
I-sapling ifakwe kule ntaba yehlabathi, kodwa ngendlela yokuthi intamo yomuthi ingu-6-7 cm ngaphezu kwendawo. Ngemuva kokuba usule kahle izimpande zesitshalo, kufanele uhlanganise kancane kancane inhlabathi, ukuyihlwitha kancane ukuze kungabikho ama-voids asele.
Emva kokutshala nxazonke zezithombo endaweni engama-25-30 cm, yenza umgodi nge-roller yomhlaba ezinhlangothini. Ibhakede lamanzi lisetshenziselwa kulo, futhi ngokushesha nje lapho uketshezi lufakwe kahle futhi intamo yempande isesimweni somhlaba wesayithi, isihlahla somuthi sihlanganiswe ne-peat, i-humus noma i-sawdust kanti isithombo sinamathele emgodleni.
Uyazi? "Umnyama omnyama" awusebenzi ezinhlobonhlobo ezizimele ze-cherry, ngakho-ke, ayikwazi ukuzitholela impova. Ngokucabangela lokhu, iTurgenevka, Kentskaya, Zhukovskaya, Rossoshanskaya Chernaya kanye nezinye izinhlobo zithathwa njengomakhelwane omuhle wezihlahla ezinjalo.
Indlela yokunakekela izithombo
Akunakutsho ukuthi, ngokunakekelwa, ukuhlukahluka Okumnyama Okumnyama kuhluke kakhulu kwezinye izinhlobo eziningi ze-cherry, kodwa ukugqoka okuphezulu, ukuchelela nokusika izihlahla kunezici zazo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunakwa kufanele kuhokhwe ekubhekaneni nezifo ezihlukahlukene zefungal okuvela kulokhu okuhlukahlukene.
Ukunisela "i-Black enkulu"
Njengoba i-cherry "i-Black Large" - isitshalo esimelana nesomiso (lokhu kuboniswa ngezici zalo), akudingi ukuchelela njalo. Ngesikhathi sokuqala amanzi afakwa enhlabathini ngokushesha emva kokuqhakaza kwe-cherry (ngesikhathi esifanayo nokudla kwayo), kanti okwesibili - ngokunyuka kobukhulu bamajikijolo.
Kodwa-ke, uma ihlobo liyoshisa kakhulu futhi lime, khona-ke umjovo owengeziwe wamanzi ngeke ube yinto engafanele, okusho ukuthi kuzodingeka ukwandiswe izikhathi ezingu-2-3 ngenyanga. Ukuphuza okulodwa kudla cishe ngamabhakede amabili amanzi emthini ngamunye.
Ngemuva kwemvula, ukuzikhukhumeza kwenhlabathi noma ukukhulelwa emhlabathini, kuyadingeka ukuba ukhululeke ekujuleni kwe-10-15 cm, futhi ukuhlanganiswa okuvamile kuzosiza ukugcina umswakama emhlabathini.
Kubalulekile! Ukukhulula inhlabathi emayelana ne-cherry kwenziwa okungenani izikhathi ezintathu ngonyaka, kodwa ngokucophelela ukuze ungalimazi izimpande zomuthi.
Okukhethekile kwezitshalo zokudla kanye nokunakekelwa kwenhlabathi
Ukutshala emhlabathini kuqala ngokubonakala kwezithelo zokuqala emthini. Ama-organic fertilizer (humus noma umquba) ayengezwa enhlabathini okungaphezu kwesinye njalo eminyakeni emibili, kanti izithako ezimbiwa ngamaminerali zisetshenziswa kabili ngonyaka. Ngaphansi kokumba ekwindla kuhle ukufaka i-potassium ne-phosphorus emhlabathini, nokwenza i-nitrogen entwasahlobo. Njalo eminyakeni emihlanu, umhlabathi ugobile umlotha noma ufulawa wama dolomite.
Ukudubula izinhlobo zama cherry "Okumnyama Okumnyama"
Umqhele wanoma iyiphi i-cherry kumele yenziwe, ehlinzeka ngezihlahla ngezihlahla kanye namahlumela ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngokuqondene nezihlukahlukene ezichazwe, ngokuvamile ayikubekezeli ukuqina okuqinileNgakho-ke, amagatsha ngamunye entwasahlobo anamahlumela ngaphezulu kuka-40 cm kufanele afinyezwe.
Amagatsha akhula ngaphakathi komqhele afana nokususwa okuvamile. Emthini omdala, kubalulekile ukushiya amagatsha angama-skeletal angaphezu kwezingu-10, okungeke akwenze kube nenembile kakhulu futhi ekhangayo, kodwa futhi ngeke anciphise kakhulu ingozi ye-moniliasis (uma nje inqubo isenziwa ngendlela efanele).
Ngenqubo yokwehlisa, ukuze kugweme ukuqina kwe-crone, wonke amagatsha angadingekile anqunywe kwindandatho, ngesikhathi esifanayo ebeka amagatsha amasha nezinqaba.
Kubalulekile! Uma ubona ukubola ekukhuleni kwesihlahla, ungasebenzisa izihlahla ezivuselela ukukhanya.
Ukutshala umquba we-cherry wonyaka njalo kuvame ukuphakama ngamasentimitha angama-60-80, okuvumela ukuba ubeke 3-4 amagatsha amakhulu e-tier yokuqala kanye ne-shtamb ukuphakama kwama-30-50 cm. Ngonyaka olandelayo, umqhubi oyinhloko ufinyelelwe u-0.6-0.8 m ukusuka phezulu amagatsha we-first tier. Esikhathini sesibili ukusuka emagatsheni angu-2-3, ngokulinganayo ubekwe eduze kwesiqu.
Izifo ezinkulu nezinambuzane ze-cherries ezinkulu-fruited
Isici sesici sezinhlobonhlobo ezichazwe yizifo ezinjengama-fungal efana ne-moniliosis ne-coccomycosis, lapho amaqabunga esihlahla futhi ngezinye izikhathi amajikijolo ahlupheka.
Izimpawu zokuqala zokubonakala kwe-coccomicosis zivezwe ekwakheni amachashazi amancane ensundu ngaphandle kweqabunga. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, banda ngesayizi, futhi ingxenye engezansi yamaqabunga ihlanganiswe nokuqhakaza kwe-pink. Amaqabunga abathintekile asomile masinyane bese ewa. Amajikijolo agulayo ashintsha isimo futhi aphendulele omnyama.
Ukuvikela i-cherry kusuka ku-coccomycosis, ungasebenzisa izidakamizwa ezilandelayo: Skor, Topaz, Topsin-M, Abiga-Peak.
Kodwa-ke, ngisho nezimpawu ezinjalo, i-coccomycosis ayiyona embi emthini njenge-moniliosis, echaphazela zonke izingxenye zesitshalo: amaqabunga, amagatsha, amahlumela kanye namajikijolo. Esimo sezulu esimanzi nesibanda, lesi sifo siphuthuma kakhulu, futhi sande amabala ensundu emaqabunga (afana nokushisa) asheshe ashintshwe yizilonda esiqwini, amahlumela kanye namajikijolo ngokwabo.
Ukuntula ukwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi kuzobhubhisa lesi sihlahla, ngakho-ke lapho izimpawu zokuqala zesifo kudingekile ukususa zonke izingxenye ezithathelwanayo, uqoqe amaqabunga awile, unqume izingxenye ezonakalisiwe zamagxolo avela esiqwini bese uzishisa.
Ekulweni nokulwa ne-moniliosis, isisombululo se-3% isixazululo se-Bordeaux liquid sisetshenzisiwe, esivame ukusetshenziselwa izinhloso zokuvimbela, kepha ekuhlungeni kwe-1%. Empi yokulwa ne-coccomycosis, ukuchithwa kwezihlahla ngamakhemikhali e-copper oxide kuyoba yindlela ephumelela kakhulu.
Kulula ukuthola kuwo emakethe yamanje, kodwa uma ukhetha kungcono ukunikeza izidakamizwa ezihlelekile, ezithinta umphumela hhayi nje ebusweni beshidi, kodwa futhi nokuvimbela ukwakheka kwezinhlamvu ngaphakathi kwayo. Naphezu kokuthi izindleko zabo ziphakeme kakhulu, zizozuza ngaphezulu.
Kubalulekile! Kuye ngesimo sezulu ngonyaka owodwa, kunokwelashwa eziningana.
Ungesabi ukusebenzisa izimboni zamakhemikhali ekuboniseni kokuqala kwezi zifo, ngoba amajikijolo athintekile ayingozi kakhulu kunamafongicides anamuhla.
Okumnyama Okumnyama: Ukuvuna
Njengoba sesishilo kakade, ukuvuthwa okugcwele kwama cherry we-"Black Large" kuvela ekuqaleni kukaJulayi, kanti isitshalo sokuqala singavuna phakathi neminyaka engu-3-4 emva kokutshala. Uma uhambisane nazo zonke izidingo zokunakekelwa kwalesi sihlahla, khona-ke phakathi nalesi sikhathi amajikijolo amnyama, amakhulu namanzi azobe elinde wena.
Njengama-plums, ama-cherries anconywa ukuba avunwe izinsuku ezingu-2-3 ngaphambi kokuvuthwa okugcwele, okungukuthi, uma nje uqaphela ukuthi izithelo emthini ziye zaba mnyama, ungathatha izitebhisi uqale ukuzikhetha. Kuyinto elula kakhulu ukusika ama-cherries ngamabhulashi eduze nendawo yokunamathisela kwesitshalo esivumelwaneni.
Kulesi simo, zonke izithelo ezinempilo zifakwe ebhakedeni noma eminye isitsha, esenzelwe u-4-8 kg, futhi amajikijolo anobungozi noma abonakalayo aqoqiwe esitsheni esisodwa. Uma ukhetha ama-cherry ngaphandle kwesiqu, uzodingeka uwasebenzise ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, ngoba uzovumela ijusi futhi ngeke isalondolozwa.
Ukuvuna ama cherry kufanele kwenziwe ekuseni (ngokushesha nje lapho amazolo ehla), Yebo, ngaphansi kwesimo sezulu esomile nesimo sezulu esiphuzile.
Ukuqaphela zonke izidingo ze-agrotechnical, unyaka ngamunye uzothola izinto zokwakheka zokwanela kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokulondoloza nokubhaka, ngoba izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-cherry ezinkulu ze-cherry ziyaphendula kahle.
