I-Mattiola-ikhanda elibomvu, noma i-Levkoy, laliyinto ethandwa kakhulu yonyaka. U-leftist wahlobisa izivande zaseGrisi lasendulo., lapho ngenxa yephunga layo elimnandi lalibizwa ngokuthi "i-white violet" (isiGreki: λευκό - white, ϊον - violet). Lesi sitshalo sahlonywa eHolland ngo-1568, futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi siye sahlobisa izindonga zasezindadi zasemakhaya, amasimu nezingadi zangaphambili, amahholo amathempeli namathempeli cishe amazwe onke aseYurophu.
Ukukhethwa kwe-mattiola grey: isikhathi sokumbali, ukuphakama kwezinto ezihlukahlukene kanye nesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa
Emvelweni, iMattiola ekhula ngesihlabathi ingatholakala eMedithera, e-Asia Minor, eCaucasus naseCanary Islands. EYurophu nakwamanye amazwe e-CIS, ukukhula kwezimbali zezimbali kuphela kukhula. Okwamanje, kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-600 ze-mattiola, ezihlukile ekujuleni, ukuphakama kwesihlahla, umbala wezimbali kanye nesikhathi sokuqhakaza. Izitshalo kuphela ezine-terry, ezingenambewu, izimbali ezinenani elihlobisa. Futhi kusukela ezinhlwini zikhula ngezilwane ezilula. Ngokuvamile, izimbali ezingu-70-90% ezinezimbali ezimbili zikhula ezitshalweni, kanti ezinye zilula. Abalimi be-flower bafeza lokhu ngokukhetha ama-testes, ngokucabangela izici ze-morphological.
Ngokusho kwesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa, amafomu anjalo ahlukaniswa:
- Ubusika (var. Hibema) - isiko se-biennial, elisetshenziselwa ukuphuza izidakamizwa. Uma uhlwanyela ngoJuni-Julayi, khona-ke umbala uzokhipha intwasahlobo ezayo.
- I-autumn (var. Autumnalis) - uma ihlwanyelwe ngo-Mashi-Ephreli, ikhula ngokuphela kwehlobo - ekuqaleni kwekwindla, futhi inikeza imbewu ngonyaka ozayo. Ayinqobe ngaphezu komhlaba emhlabathini futhi isetshenziselwa ukuphoqelela.
- Ihlobo (var Annua) - lihlwanyelwe emhlabathini ovulekile ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli - ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Ukwandisa isikhathi sezimbali, kungcono ukukhulisa izithombo, ngoba izinsuku ezingu-70-100 zidlula ekuhlwanyeleni kuze kube sekuqaleni kwezimbali. Ngalesi sikhathi, ngaphambi kokuqala kwezulu ekwindla, isitshalo kufanele sibe nesikhathi sokuqhakaza.
- ephansi - 15-30 cm ubude;
- medium - kusuka 30 kuya 50 cm;
- high - kusuka 50 kuya 70 cm.
- UTerry (Quedlinburg). Izinhlobonhlobo zeli qembu ezinezimbali ezimbili zinemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka esifundeni se-cotyledonous. Levka ngezimbali ezijwayelekile, njengombuso, oluhlaza okomnyama.
Izimbali ezine-terry inflorescences nazo zihlanganisa i-peonies, i-hydrangea, i-hydrangea, i-Kalanchoe Kalandiva, i-asters yonyaka, i-heather.Ngokwezikhathi zommbali nemikhuba, izinhlobonhlobo zaleli qembu zihlukaniswe ngamagatshana alandelayo:
- Ukude okude kakhulu - ama-45-65 cm ubude, ama-branchy, ama-bush, ama-pyramidal shape. Shiya ama-obovate noma i-lanceolate, kunalokho okukhulu, i-graphite eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, nge-edge ye-smooth or wavy. I-inflorescences inkulu, kusuka ku-13 kuya ku-20 cm ubude, enezimbali ezikhanyayo kuze kufike ku-5 cm ububanzi. Lezi zinhlobo zezimbali ezivela ngoJuni izinyanga ezimbili.
- Ukuqala okuphansi kwe-bushy - ukuphakama kusuka ku-25 kuya ku-40 cm Amaqabunga aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka anama-oval noma i-lanceolate. Ubude be-Inflorescence kusuka ku-12 kuya ku-20 cm ngezimbali ezimbili kuze kube ngu-4.5 cm ububanzi. Imifula iqala ngoJuni futhi i-blooms izinyanga ezimbili.
- Ukuphakama okude kakhulu okude kakhulu - okufakwe ngokuqinile, ama-pyramidal ephakeme, kuze kufike ku-60 cm high. Amaqabunga amancane afakwe emgqeni ohlaza anama-obovate, i-lanceolate noma imidwebo emifushane, enemiphetho ephelele noma engafanele. I-Inflorescences kuze kufike ku-50 cm ubude, enezimbali ezinamandla kuze kube ngu-5 cm ububanzi. I-cultivar ezayo ikhula kusukela ngoJulayi izinsuku ezingu-50.
- I-stramidal-stem single-stem noma i-shrubs ehlathini elincane, kuze kufike ku-80 cm high. Amaqabunga amacembe efomu elimabala, oblong noma obovate. I-inflorescences ekhululekile kuze kufike ku-60 cm ubude nezimbali ezinkulu kakhulu ezinamanani amakhulu kuze kufike ku-6 cm ububanzi. I-inflorescence ephakathi, njengomthetho, ngaphezulu kwe-lateral. Izinhlobonhlobo ziqala kakhulu, zikhula kusukela ngoJuni, kusukela ezinyangeni ezi-1 kuya kwezingu-2, futhi zinconywa ukusika.
- Ukusakazwa - kwahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili:
- I-Remontatory (i-Dresden) - amahlathi aqinile kakhulu afinyelela ku-60 cm ukuphakama. Ama-Inflorescences ayangena, futhi anezimbali ezinkulu ezinamaphesenti angu-5. Amaqabunga ahlaza okwesibhakabhaka anomumo ohlangene-oval, onemigodi eqinile noma engabhalwa. Qala ukuqhakaza ngoJuni-Julayi kuze kuNovemba.
- Ukuphuza okukhulu kakhulu (i-Bismarck) - i-branchy powery bushes kuze kube ngu-70 cm ubude. I-inflorescences ekhululekile ekhulu kakhulu, efinyelela ku-5.5 cm ububanzi, izimbali ezinesibindi-double. Amaqabunga amakhulu amakhulu ane-oval shape shape. Izinhlobo ezindala, ziphuma kusukela ngoJulayi kuya ku-frost.
- I-Pyramidal - ngokusho kokuphakama kwezitshalo ihlukaniswe ngamaqembu angaphansi:
- Isisindo sifike ku-25 cm kuphela ukuphakama, pyramidal, branched. I-inflorescences ehlanganisiwe inezimbali ezincane kakhulu ezinamamitha angaba ngu-4.5 cm. Amakhulu amakhulu, aphelele, amaqabunga avuliwe aqoshiwe embala omnyama ohlaza, obomvu-obomvu, obomvu. Izinhlobo zakuqala kakhulu, ziqhakaza kusukela ngoJuni kuya ezinsukwini ezingu-50.
- I-semi-high - ngokuqinile ukuya emahlathini, ama-pyramidal, ama-45 cm ubude. Ama-inflorescences ahlangene kuze kufike ku-18 cm ubude nezimbali ezine-diameter kuze kube ngu-4.5 cm. Amaqabunga amancane, ahlangene futhi anama-oval shape. Izinhlobonhlobo zakuqala, izimbali ezivela kuJuni izinyanga ezimbili.
- I-large-flowered-giant - amahlathi amakhulu-ubude kuze kube ngu-50 cm, ubude kuze kube ngu-80 cm, ibe nomumo we-pyramidal. Izimbali ezinkulu ezimbili zifinyelela ku-5 cm ububanzi. Amaqabunga avuliwe-ama-oval, amaqabunga abuthakathaka anomuthi oyindilinga noma obala. Izinhlobonhlobo zasekuqaleni eziqhakaza kakhulu kusukela ngoJuni kuya kuSeptemba.
- Ibhomu elikhulu-elimaqabunga eligcwele amaqabunga, elifinyelela ku-60 cm elide. Amaqabunga amhlophe aluhlaza-grey ane-rhombic eline-elonged noma umdwebo ongashiwo. I-inflorescence eyinhloko ikhulu kakhulu, kuze kufike ku-25 cm ubude, ivulekile, iqala ukukhazimula ngaphambi kwe-lateral. I-Gustomarovye izimbali zifinyelela ku-4.5 cm ububanzi. Izinhlobo ezindala, ezikhula kusukela ngoJulayi kuya ezinsukwini ezingu-50. Khuliswe imibhede yembali kanye nokusika.
- I-Bouquet (iVictoria) - izitshalo ezinamagatsha, ezinamathele kahle, kufika ku-35 cm ubude. Amaqabunga amakhulu ama-bluish-aluhlaza abe nesimo se-oval esiphezulu nesiphetho esiqinile. I-inflorescences esemqoka itholakale ngokusemthethweni ezingeni elifanayo ne-lateral, eningi noma ephakathi kakhulu. Izimbali ezinkulu ezimbili ezilingana no-3.5 cm. Izinhlobo eziqala zakuqala eziqala ukuqhuma ngoJuni nangaphezulu kwezinsuku ezingu-75. Inzuzo yalezi zihlukahlukene zevkoev - ekhula ukusika, izimbiza, rabatok kanye imibhede imbali.
- Isihlahla esikhulu esinamanzi amakhulu - sihlanganisa endaweni engaphezulu yesitshalo, sifinyelela ku-90 cm ukuphakama. Izimbali ezinkulu ezimbili kuya ku-6 cm ububanzi, ziqoqwe ku-compact, kunalokho i-inflorescences enkulu yembala ehlukahlukene ekhanyayo. Amaqabunga amancane anesimo esixubile, nesimo se-oval kanye nomkhawulo we-wavy. Bloom kusuka ngoJuni kuya ezinyangeni ezimbili. Ukukhula ngokusika, ukuxubha kanye nokuqoqa iqembu.
- I-Korotkovitvistye (i-Erfurt) - i-branching eqinile, amaqabunga, ama-compact ezihlahleni ezifinyelela ku-40 cm ubude, zinomumo obanzi we-pyramidal. Amahlumela aphezulu ekudleni ahlukanisa phakathi kwamanye amaqembu. Amaqabunga amakhulu aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka anomumo ovalwe oval kanye nemiphetho eqinile. Izimbali zeConvex zifinyelela ku-4 cm ububanzi. I-inflorescence ephakathi iphezulu kakhulu kune-lateral. Ikhula kusukela ngoJuni kuya ku-Agasti. Kunconywe ukusika, imibhede yemifula kanye nemikhakha yembiza.
- I-single-stemmed (Excelsior) - isitshalo sifinyelela ku-80 cm ubude, sidonswa ngama-inflorescence ahlanganiswe ngezimbali ezinkulu ezinamanzi kuze kube ngu-6 cm ububanzi. Amaqabunga amakhulu, ama-diamond afane ne-diamond aneqenqemeni elenziwe nge-curly noma e-wavy. I-Blossom kusukela ngoJuni kuya kuJulayi futhi isetshenziselwa ukusika.
Uyazi? Lesi sitshalo sasibizwa ngeLeuky, amaGreki, kodwa ngesiLatini sabizwa ngokuthi "mattiola." I-botanist yaseScotland engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu le-XIX, uRobert Brown wabiza le ndoda ngokuhlonipha udokotela waseTaliyane nodokotela wezitshalo XVI ikhulu leminyaka UPietro Andrea Gregorio Mattioli wabe esedlule lesi sigameko kuze kuphele iminyaka engu-200 yokushicilelwa kwencwadi ethi Mattioli.
Uphi indawo engcono yokutshala isitshalo
Ukufika i-Mattiola kunezici zayo. Izinhlobo zakudala zingatshalaliswa ngokushesha ezweni elivulekile, kodwa kamuva kumele zikhule ngokutsha njengezithombo, bese zitshala emhlabathini.
Ukutshala kwe-Levkoy kulula, udinga kuphela ukulandela imithetho ethile.
Izimo zezulu ezikhulayo
I-Levkos ikhetha izindawo ezishisayo ngaphandle kwemimoya kanye ne-drafts, kodwa isithunzi phakathi nosuku lwelanga alangazilimazi.
Ukufaka shada kungathinta izimbali uma isitshalo sifihliwe ilanga kakhulu usuku. I-Mattiola ikhetha umswakama obalulekile womoya nomhlabathi, kuyilapho ingavumi ukubekezelela amanzi aphelile. Isomiso eside sithinta kakhulu ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwamasiko.
Ukunciphisa izinga lokushisa kuya ku -3 ° C akuyona into embi ngenxa yezithombo ezinzima, ngaphandle uma iqhwa lihlala izinsuku ezimbalwa ngokulandelana.
Izidingo zomhlaba
Unyaka ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela imbewu, kubalulekile ukuthi uqale ukulungiselela inhlabathi, ngoba ama-microbes asetshenziselwa umquba uyofa ngaphansi kwethempeli lokushisa okuphansi. 
Izenzo ezilandelayo kufanele zithathwe:
- bamba inhlabathi ekujuleni kwama-30-40 cm bese ufaka ama-humus kuwo (ngesilinganiso se-7 kg yama-humus kumkhakha we-sq. m m);
- yenza i-substrate engavuthi hlangothi (ngesilinganiso sezipuni eziyi-3 kumkhakha we-sq. m m).
Uyazi? Mattiolu batusa ukutshala ngamazambane - Iyakwazi ukwesaba izimbali zaseColorado nezinye izinambuzane eziyingozi.Ukuze uzuze imibala enhle yokuhlobisa, kubalulekile ukuhambisana nezidingo maqondana nenhlabathi:
- i-levkoy ehlobo ayitshalwe enhlabathini ngama-fertilizer eziphilayo; Ungafaki i-mattioli ngqo ngesikhathi sokutshala;
- akunakwenzeka ukutshala isitshalo emhlabathini lapho abanye abameleli bemindeni ebaluleke kakhulu bekhulile iminyaka eminingana ngaphambili;
- inhlabathi kufanele ibe yande, i-sod-sandy, i-loamy ekhanyayo, ecebile ngendaba ephilayo, iqhuma enhlabathini emuncu iyobe ilula;
- I-Mattiola ayibekezelelani ukuqhuma kwamanzi, ngakho-ke ezindaweni zokuhlala komhlaba ezinconywayo kunconywa ukuba ziphakamise imigodi yenkambiso.
Ukutshala mattiola
Imbewu yezitshalo ezisekhohlo zihlwanyelwa ngezindlela ezimbili:
- emhlabathini ovulekile;
- for izithombo ezikhulayo.
- okokuqala udinga ukukhulula inhlabathi elungiselelwe ngaphambili;
- fomu ama-groove ngokujula okungaba ngu-0.5 cm bese uwahambisa kancane;
- engeza isihlabathi kuze kube sembewu ngokwesilinganiso se-1:10 futhi ngokusabalalisa usakaze eceleni kwemihlathi;
- ukufafaza ngobumnene umhlaba, ngaphandle kokuwuncipha, futhi ngokuphindaphindiwe kancane kancane.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nendlela yokukhulisa u-acacia, ukukhwabanisa kweTurkey, i-geyher, amafutha we-castor, kanye ne-plumeria kusuka kumbewu.Amahlumela angabonakala emasontweni ama-1.5-2 emva kokutshala kwentwasahlobo yembewu, futhi lapho etshalwe ekwindla - entwasahlobo ezayo.
Ukuze ukhule i-mattiol enomsindo otholile ekuqaleni kwehlobo, udinga ukusebenzisa indlela yokutshala izitshalo ezikhulayo. Ukuhlwanyela ngesikhathi esifanayo kwenziwa ngesikhathi sokuphela kukaMashi - ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli. 
Izwe kanye neziqukathi zezithombo kufanele zilungiswe izinsuku ezimbili ngaphambi kokutshala, zenze imisebenzi elandelayo:
- hlamba amabhokisi ngamanzi nge-potassium permanganate bese uyomisa kahle;
- ukubeka amanzi ngendlela yamatje amancane phansi kwesitsha;
- ukugcwalisa iziqukathi ngomhlaba, ekubunjweni kwesihlabathi nendawo ye-sod ku-1: 3;
- Dampula emhlabathini ngamanzi nge-small quantum potassium permanganate.
Emva kokusebenza wonke umsebenzi wokulungiselela wokuhlwanyela imbewu kanje:
- ifomu emhlabathini ebangeni elingama 4 cm kusuka komunye nomunye;
- Izikhukhula zihlakaza imbewu, zishiya phakathi kwazo isikhala esingu-3 cm;
- bafafaze kancane futhi bahlasele;
- Vala ngeglasi bese ugcina endaweni efudumele evikelekile ekukhanyeni (20-22 ° C).
Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-5-8 emva kokuhlwanyela, iziqukathi zezithombo kumele zihanjiswe ekukhanyeni futhi izinga lokushisa kufanele lifinyelelwe libe yi-12-14 ° C. Inhlobo enjalo yokuqina izokuvimbela ukubambezeleka ekubunjweni kwefihlekile kanye nezimbali.Kubalulekile! Uma izithombo zingekho ekunciphiseni kwezinga lokushisa, kodwa zishiye ukuze zikhule ngo-25 ° C, khona-ke ukuqala kwezimbali ze-mattioli kuzosuswa ngo-10-30 izinsuku, kuye ngokuthi ezihlukahlukene.
Ngemuva kokwakheka kwamaqabunga amabili (kungakapheli amasonto amabili emva kokuba ihlumela livela emhlabathini), izithombo kufanele zifakwe emgodini owodwa ukuze kuncishiswe amathuba okulimala ohlelweni lokucwiliswa phakathi nomhlabathi.
Amachibi amancane okulungiselelwe kufanele agcwaliswe ngxube:
- umhlaba we-sod (ingxenye 1);
- amaqabunga emhlabeni (izingxenye ezimbili);
- isanti (ingxenye engu-1).
Ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi, izithombo zingatshala endaweni enomphela, kude no-15-30 cm komunye nomunye. Izinsuku ezimbalwa zokuqala emva kokuphuma ziyoba nezinsalela ezincane, ikakhulu uma isimo sezulu sesishisa kakhulu. Ngakho izithombo zizothathwa ngokushesha endaweni entsha.Kubalulekile! Ungabi nomhlaba u-Levkoy ngokuqinile. Ngenxa yokuthi izinhlobo eziningi zikhula ngokuqinile, ama-rhizomes neziqu zingahle zikhule. Lokhu kunomthelela ekwakheni izifo ze-fungal ezingabhubhisa yonke i-flowerbed.
Ukukhula nokunakekela imbali
Nakuba i-Levkoy ingenakuzithoba, noma kunjalo, ngemva kokutshala, udinga ukunakekelwa okufanele ukuze isitshalo ensimini sizizwe sikhululekile futhi sijabule ngezimbali zayo kanye nephunga elimnandi.
Ukunisela nokudla
Ukunisela kuyisici esibaluleke kakhulu sokunakekelwa kwezitshalo. UMattiola akakubekezeli umswakama owedlulele. Ngakho-ke, kunamanzi amaningi kuphela ngesikhathi sesomiso esihlala isikhathi eside, sinesilinganiso esanele sokwehla kwemvelo. Ukuchelela njalo kumele kube okulinganiselwe ukuze kungabikho kumswakama omile. 
Ngesikhathi sokunwetshwa kwesikhathi eside, kubalulekile ukuvimbela amanzilogging ngokukhulula inhlabathi ukusheshisa ukungena kwemvelo.
Esikhathini esomile, isibonakaliso sokuqala sokuntuleka komswakama esimweni sizoba amaqabunga aqotshwe. Gwema lokhu kuzosiza ukuphuza ngqo ngaphansi komsuka wesitshalo. Kungcono ukuthobisa ekuseni, ngaphambi kokushisa okukhulu.
Isitshalo sehlobo esilula isikhathi esihle sondla. Kodwa-ke, akufanele ukondle ngamanyolo aphilayo, ngisho nangomquba omuncu osukhulile. Kufanele isetshenziselwe umquba wamaminerali kuphela, ubangeze emanzini okunisela.
Ngenkathi yonyaka kahlobo lwehlobo, i-supplement kuze kube yi-4 yenhlabathi enezakhi kanye nomanyolo ongaphezulu kwezingu-6 zomhlabathi omile ngokuvamile uvame ukuqhutshwa.
Uyazi? Phakathi neMinyaka Ephakathi, i-mattiola yayibhekwa njengenye yezitshalo ezinhle kakhulu zokuhlobisa, kanye nama roses kanye neminduze.Njengoba kungadingekile ukutshala ngenkathi utshala i-mattiol, kubalulekile ukutshala izitshalo ngesikhathi sokuhluma nokuqhakaza kwezimbali zokuqala. I-gulfs yezimbali kuycono ukondla ngamanyolo we-potash-phosphate.
Ukunakekelwa komhlabathi nokususwa kokhula
Ukuze unikeze uMattiola abanikazi bayo amahle, izimbali eziqhakazile, ezimnandi, emva kokutshala emhlabathini, ngaphezu kokunisela okufanele kanye nomanyolo, isitshalo sidinga ukunakekelwa kwenhlabathi nokuqeda ukhula.
Ukuqeda ukhula engadini kanye nokusetshenziswa kwensimu izidakamizwa ezifana ne "Lontrel-300", "Ground", "Titus", "Agrokiller", "Roundup".Kubalulekile ukuba ukhula olusifike ngesikhathi oluthola izakhi ezisuka emhlabathini okudingekayo ukuze isivuno. Kunconywa ukwenza lokhu emva kokunisela ukuze inhlabathi ikwazi ukuguquka futhi izimpande zokhula ziphuma kalula emhlabathini. Ukukhulula inhlabathi ekusebenzeni kwe-weeding kuzosiza ukulicebisa nge-oksijeni, ukunciphisa kancane nokudala ukufaneleka komswakama okulungile. Endleleni yokukhulula, kufanele uzame ukulimaza iziqu nezimpande ze-mattiola.
Umbono ohlotshiwe kahle wombhede wembali ngehlangothini lwesobunxele uzokunikeza ukususwa kwama-inflorescences aphelile. Lesi sitshalo sizothola amandla ezimbali ezilandelayo. Izimbali ze-Terry, ezinganikeli imbewu, kufanele ziqedwe ngokuphelele emva kwezimbali.Kubalulekile! Indawo yokutshala i-mattioli ishintshashintsha njalo ngonyaka. Ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu, ungaphinda uvumele umhlaba we-levkoy endaweni efanayo.
Izindlela zokuzala eziyinhloko
Ukukhiqizwa uMattiola kwenzeka ngezindlela ezimbili:
- imbewu;
- rassadny.
Imbewu itholakala kuma-pods amancane, afana nezitshalo. Ama-pod eyomile aqhekeze futhi ahlaselwe. Ungakwazi ukuqoqa imbewu ngenye indlela: faka isikhwama esincane sendwangu esikhishwa umoya emoyeni bese ulinda ukuba imbewu iqhume kuyo.
Imbewu ingagcinwa kuze kufike inkathi elandelayo, ukukhula izithombo noma ukutshala emhlabathini. 
Ngezimboni ezikhulayo ezivela enzalweni, ungasakaza isitshalo ngokufakelwa. Следует помнить, что такой способ размножения менее эффективен, поскольку культура может легко повредиться при пересадке, плохо прижиться и погибнуть.
Izifo nezinambuzane zembali
Izimbali zamasiko kufanele zihlolwe ngezikhathi ezithile ngezinambuzane nezifo:
- I-cruciferous kela (iklabishi) - iyathinta ngakwesobunxele nge-overabundance of umswakama emhlabathini nasemoyeni, ngenxa yalesi siko asikwazi ukutshala emhlabathini, lapho izitshalo ze-cruciferous zikhula khona. I-fungus ingaqhubeka emhlabathini iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-15. Izitshalo ezithintekile kaningi azikwazi ukuphathwa futhi kufanele zisuswe, bese inhlabathi iphathwa ngamagciwane antifungal (i-dolomite powder, i-lime, isisombululo se-fungicide "Readzole", isixazululo se "Cumulus" noma isulfure colloidal). Lesi sifo sithinta uhlelo lwempande, ngakho kunzima ukukuthola ngokushesha. I-Keel ikhuthaza ukwakheka kokukhula okukhulayo kwi-stem kanye nezimpande, kuyilapho amaqabunga esihlahla aboma futhi aphuzi.
- I-Cruciferous flea - ithinta i-Mattiola ngesomiso nokuswakama okwanele. Ukunquma ukubonakala kwezinambuzane kungaba khona kwamapheshana emaphepheni. Kungenzeka ukuqeda izinambuzane ngamaqabunga efafaza nomhlabathi ngamapulangwe ash.
- Umlenze omnyama - isifo esithinta amahlumela nge-waterlogging noma ukunakekelwa okungafanele. Kuboniswa ukuthunjwa kwe-stem namaqabunga, ukubola nokufa kwesiko. Akunakwenzeka ukwelapha izitshalo ezigulayo ezifweni, kumele zisuswe ukuvimbela ukusakazeka kwefungus. Ukuvimbela lesi sifo, ungaphatha isayithi nge "Khom", "Fitosporin" noma "Baktofit" ngaphambi kokutshala levkoev.
I-Mattiola iyisitshalo esimangalisayo esinobunene obuhle nezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezilwane. Ukuzinakekela akudingi umzamo omkhulu kanye nezindleko, futhi imbali izobavuza abalimi bezimbali ezinemibala emihle kanye nephunga elimnandi.
