Ungalindela izithelo nama-berry ukukhiqiza, ngethemba lokuthi izimo zezulu ezihle noMama Wendalo, futhi ungazama ukuzithuthukisa ngosizo lokugqoka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinyathelo ezijwayelekile zokutshala izitshalo zenza kube lula ukuthuthukisa inhlabathi nokugcina ukuzala kwayo ezingeni elidingekayo, kanye nezakhiwo zalo zomzimba, nokuqinisa ukuzivikela kwemithi.
Futhi lapha into eyinhloko ukufeza le nqubo ngendlela efanele, ngoba ukusetshenziswa okungahambi kahle kwamanyolo kungaba yingozi, hhayi okuhle. Indlela yokukhiqiza ukondla izihlahla zezithelo nezitshalo ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, sizoxoxa kulokhu kulesi sihloko.
Indlela yokudla
Njenganoma yiziphi izitshalo, izihlahla zezithelo kanye nemibhuloho yokukhula okujwayelekile nokuthuthukiswa kudinga ukuhlinzekwa kwezakhi ezinjalo ezidingekayo njenge nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium. I-nitrogen isisiza izitshalo zikhule futhi zithele izithelo; i-phosphorus ivuselela ukuthuthukiswa kwayo futhi yenza uhlelo oluqinile lwempande; I-Potassium iyasiza ekwenzeni ukuthi izihlahla zikwazi kangcono ukubhekana nezimo eziyingozi zemvelo, zandisa ukwanda kwazo nezifo futhi zithinte ikhwalithi nokugcina izinga lezithelo.
Ukutshala izitshalo zezitshalo (ama-apula, amapheya) amanani amakhulu amanyolo adingekayo, kunokuba kube nemithi yamatshe (plums, cherries).
Ama-organic and amaminerali asetshenziswa njengama-fertilizer. Izinto eziphilayo zifanelekile:
- umquba;
- umquba;
- i-humus;
- izinyoni zezinyoni;
- i-peat;
- umquba weqabunga, utshani, i-sawdust, njll.
- superphosphate;
- i-potassium sulfate;
- isulfure potassium (chloride);
- nitroammofosku;
- urea;
- ammonium nitrate.
Amathiphu ayisisekelo namasu
Ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nencazelo yenkambiso kanye nesikhathi sokondla izitshalo ezithile, sinikeza izincomo ezijwayelekile zokwenza umquba wezithelo kanye nemibhede ezihlahla kanye nezihlahla:
- Ukuqala ukudla kufanele kube esiteji sokutshala. Njengomthetho, udaba lwezinto eziphilayo lufakwa emigodini yokufika: peat, humus, compost. Kanye nama-phosphorus nama-potassium. I-potassium exutshwe nomhlaba ifakwe phansi. I-phosphorus ifakwa engxenyeni engenhla yomgodi.
- Asikho isidingo sokutshala i-nitrogen uma utshala.
- Ukondla izihlahla zezithelo ziqala kusukela ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila kwazo. Ukuze izitshalo zonyaka, le nqubo ayidingi.
- Izithako ze-phosphate-potassium kufanele zitholwe ekwindla, zi-nitrogenous - ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.
- Uma ekwindla umquba ongazange wenziwe, khona-ke entwasahlobo kufanele udliwe ngemifino eyinkimbinkimbi.
- Uma inhlabathi lapho izithelo zitshalo zikhula khona, khona-ke udaba oluphilayo kufanele lufakwe kwisihlahla somuthi njalo ngonyaka. Kwezinye izimo - emva kweminyaka emibili noma emithathu.
- Umquba womzimba kufanele uhlanjululwe emanzini. Amaminerali omanyolo asetshenziselwa kokubili ifomu elomile nelihlanjululwayo, kuye ngezincomo zomkhiqizi.
- Ama-organic fertilizer angaxubaniswa namaminerali. Kulokhu, umthamo wabo kufanele unciphise.
- Izihlahla zamatshe zidinga ukudla okwanele kuze kube seminyaka emine, emihlanu ubudala.
- Ukuze izihlahla zensimu, uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-foliar lungenzeka futhi.
- Eminyakeni emihlanu yokuqala, ukufaka umanyolo kwanele kuphela kumbuthano oseduze; esikhathini esizayo, insimu izodinga ukwandiswa.
- Noma imuphi umanyolo usebenza kuphela enhlabathini enomanzi. Ngemuva kokusungulwa kwabo kwenziwa ukuchelela okuningi.
- Ngaphambi kokondla, okudingekayo kuqala ukwelapha isihlahla somuthi nokuqeda ukhula.
- Njengomthetho, ukondla entwasahlobo kwenziwa amasonto amabili kuya kwamathathu ngaphambi kokuqala kwezimbali.
- Ukutshala izithelo izitshalo ngqo ngaphansi kwesiqu akulungile.
- Uma kusetshenziselwa ingxube yezinto, khona-ke ngamunye wabo uhlanjululwa emanzini amancane, bese ehlanganisiwe kuphela. Amanzi ungezwa ngevolumu edingekayo.
Izihlahla zezithelo zomanyolo
Izihlahla ze-Apple
Ngentwasahlobo, emva kokuvusa nokuphuma endaweni yokuphumula, izihlahla ikakhulukazi zidinga ukusizwa nokudla ngezakhi ezidingekayo.
Isigqoko sokuqala sama-apple entwasahlobo senziwa ngesikhathi lapho iqhwa. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, zidinga ukugcwaliswa kwe-nitrogen, engasetshenziswa ngokusebenzisa umanyolo we-mineral nitrogen oqukethe izinto eziphilayo: umquba, izinyoni zezinyoni kanye nomquba.
Kuyathakazelisa ukufunda mayelana nezinhlobonhlobo zezihlahla ze-apula kanye nokuzikhethela kokulima kwazo: "Gloucester", "Semerenko", "Dream", "Shtreyfling", "Orlik", "Silver Hoof", "Ukugcwaliswa Okumhlophe", "Zhigulevskoe".
Benza ukumba emjikelezweni oseduze, eqhele ngamasentimitha angu-50 kuya ku-60 kusuka esiqwini, eduze nomjikelezo womqhele, ngaphambili ukuwaphuza kakhulu. Emhlabathini kukhona ukubola 45-50 cm ejulile. Ngokuqondile ngaphansi komquba womquba awusetshenzisiwe.
Ukudla kokuqala kungcono ukukwenza ngaphambi kokusila ngosizo lwezindaba eziphilayo. Amabhakede amathathu kuya kwamhlanu ama-humus, umquba wenkukhu noma i-mullein agcinwa embuthanweni oseduze-kwesiqu. Futhi kumanyolo wokuqala ofanelekayo 500-600 g we-urea, i-ammonium nitrate, i-nitroammofoska: 30-40 g
Isigqoko sesibili senziwa kakade phakathi kwembali yama-apula. Ngalesi sikhathi, sebenzisa i-10-litre ilungisiwe amathangi amanzi:
- superphosphate (100 g), potassium sulfate (65-70 g);
- umquba wezinkukhu (1.5-2 l);
- slurry (0.5 amabhakede);
- urea (300 g).
Kubalulekile! Ukutshala ukudla, kuhlanjululwe emanzini, kuyadingeka esimweni esomile. Uma kungenzeka kuhlelwe ukuwa, khona-ke ungawafaka efomini elomile.Ungasebenzisa ingxube elandelayo, ehlanjululwe kwisitsha esingama-200-litre ngamanzi futhi ufake lonke isonto:
- i-potassium sulphate (800 g);
- superphosphate (1 kg);
- izinyoni ze-bird (5 l) noma umquba wamanzi (10 l), urea (500 g).
Entwasahlobo, ngezihlahla ze-apula, kuzodingeka ukugqoka okwesithathu - kwenziwa emva kokusila, lapho izithelo ziqala ukubopha. Ngalesi sikhathi, ingxube ye-nitroammofoski (0.5 kg), i-potassium humate eyomile (10 g) ehlanjululwe ngamalitha angu-100 amanzi. Isixazululo kufanele sisetshenziswe ngesisekelo sokusetshenziswa: amabhakede amathathu emithi ngayinye.
Kungenzeka futhi ukuba ukondle ngemifino eluhlaza, eyenziwe ngotshani obuluhlaza, igcwele amanzi futhi ungene ngaphansi kwe-polyethylene izinsuku ezingu-20.
Ngaphandle kokugqoka izimpande, kuhle ukupha ama-apula nendlela ehamba ngayo. Isetshenziswe emva kokwakheka kwamaqabunga nokuthi kuzoba yizinsuku ezingu-20 emva kwesigaba sokuqhakaza. It isetshenziswa ngendlela amaqabunga ukuchithwa, stem kanye namagatsha. Ngokuvamile, izihlahla ze-apula zondliwa nge-urea (2 wezipuni / amalitha angu-10 wamanzi), okungezona kuphela okudla isihlahla, kodwa futhi ilwa nezifo ezithile.
Futhi kusuka kumanyolo we-foliar kungenzeka ukuthi ukweluleka ukhiphe umqhele ngomlotha oqhekekile (1 indebe / 2 l amanzi ashisayo). Ukugqoka okwakhiwa kwentwasahlobo kufaneleka kokubili izihlahla zama-apula neziphakathi kwesikhatsi ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwezithelo. Ukuphalaza kungenziwa izikhathi eziningana, kuthatha isikhathi ezinsukwini ezingu-10-15.
Uyazi? I-apula enkulu kakhulu ekhulile emhlabeni - umsebenzi womlimi waseJapane u-Chisato Ivasagi, oye wakhula izithelo ezinkulu kakhulu iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20. I-apple enkulu kakhulu yayine-1 kg 849 g. Futhi iGuinness Book of Records ibhala i-apula enesisindo esingu-1 kg 67 g. Yakhuliswe ngumNgisi u-Alain Smith.
Amapheya
Umanyolo wokuqala ngaphansi kwepeyari wenziwa kusukela ngesikhathi sokuvuswa kwawo kanye nokwehla kweqhwa. Zenziwa ngendlela eqondile yokumba ezinhlobonhlobo eziqinile nezimanzi, kuye ngokuthi kube khona imvula. Njengezinye izitshalo, ngalesi sikhathi ipeyari idinga ukuzaliswa kwe-nitrogen. Kungcono uma lokhu kuhlanganiswa kwenziwa ngosizo lwezinto eziphilayo: mullein, slurry, droppings bird. I-Korovyak ne-slush zihlanjululwa kalula emanzini ngesilinganiso esingu-1 kuya ku-5. I-Litter kumele ifakwe izinsuku eziningana.
Inqubo yokufaka umquba ngaphansi kwe-pear ifana neyaphansi kwesihlahla se-apula - esihlahleni somuthi, isuka ku-50-60 cm ukusuka esihlahleni.
Amaminerali amaminerali asetshenzisiwe ukusetshenziswa i-nitrogen enjalo equkethe:
- i-ammonium nitrate (30 g / 1 sq. m, ihlanjululwa ngamanzi 1:50);
- i-carbamide (80-120 g / 5 l amanzi / umuthi owodwa).
Ekulondweni okulandelayo, uma izinto eziphilayo zingatholakali, umanyolo onzima ungasetshenziswa: i-nitroammofosku, i-nitroammfos, njll. I-nitroammophosk ihlanjululwa ngesilinganiso esingu-1: 200 futhi ithululela amabhakede amathathu ngaphansi komgqomo owodwa.
Ama Cherries
Ukutshala ama cherry kunconywa ukuthi uzoba neminyaka emithathu ubudala, uma nje umanyolo usetshenziswe emgodini wokutshala. Ukuze ukondle entwasahlobo, njengomthetho, isisombululo se-urea kuphela esisetshenziswa (100-300 g ngomuthi kuye ngokuthi ubudala). Kodwa-ke, uma umuthi ukhula kabi futhi unikeza isivuno esibi, kufanele udliwe ngemifino yomanyolo. Ngakho, kunconywa okulandelayo:
- mullein (0.5 amabhakede), umlotha (0.5 kg), amanzi (3 l);
- ama-drop dropping (1 kg);
- potassium sulfate (umuthi ka-25-30 g / 1).
Kubalulekile! Kunconywa ukuba kwenziwe noma yikuphi ukugqoka okuphezulu lapho kungekho ilanga ntambama noma kusihlwa.
I-Plums
I-Plum ithanda imvelo yelanga, ngakho-ke uma usebenzisa umanyolo lapho utshalwa, umlotha kufanele ube khona. Ukugqoka kokuqala kwama-plums kunconywa ukuba kwenziwe eneminyaka emibili. Lokhu kufanele kube i-carbamide (20 g / 1 sq. M.).
Eminyakeni emithathu, ukudonsa kuzodinga izithako ezintathu, okumele kube khona ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, sebenzisa izipuni ezimbili ze-urea, zihlanjululwe ebhakedeni lamanzi.
I-plum iyisithelo esiphundu kakhulu nesempilo, esinama-subspecies alandelayo: i-deciduous, ipayipi, iplamu yamaShayina, isiHungary.
Kusukela ngonyaka wesine, i-plum izobe isiba ngumuthi omdala we-fruiting, okuzodinga izimpande ezintathu nezimpande ezintathu: ngaphambi kokuzimbali, emva kokusila, ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwesitshalo. Ngaphambi kokuba kusetshenziswe izimbali:
- ingxube ye-urea (2 wezipuni), i-potassium sulfate (izipuni ezimbili), zihlanjululwe ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi;
- Umanyolo we-Berry (300 g / 10 l).
- i-carbamide (2 tbsp. l.), nitrophoska (3 tbsp. l.);
- Umanyolo we-Berry Giant.
Esikhathini sesithelo sokuvuthwa izithelo, iplamu isondliwa ngendaba eziphilayo. Umquba wezinkukhu ovutshiwe, ohlanjululwa ngamanzi 1 kuya ku-20, ufanelwe ngalokhu.
Umquba nomlotha kunconywa ukuba ungenzi okungaphezu kwesisodwa njalo eminyakeni emibili kuya kweyithathu.
I-plums i-mulching kahle ye-peat kanye ne-compost. Okunye okuphumelelayo yiziqu zemifino eluhlaza (umquba ohlaza), ohlanganisa amakhambi alandelayo: rye ryebusika, lwesinaphi, i-phacelia, njll.
Uyazi? ENgilandi, iplamu ibhekwa njengesithelo sobukhosi, ngoba u-Elizabeth II uqala usuku lwakhe ngokudla amapulazi amabili bese eqala ukudla enye ukudla. Udla izinhlobo ezithile ezikhula ensimini yasebukhosini, - "I-Brompcon"Iqiniso liwukuthi odokotela bakutshela ukuba wengeze ama-plums amaningana ekudleni kwakho kwansuku zonke ukuze uthuthukise ukugaya futhi uthuthukise ukusebenza kwesistimu yezinzwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukhipha umsebenzi omuhle kakhulu nge-cholesterol ephansi.
Ama-apricot
I-apricot isondliwa kusukela ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila. Kuze kube yiminyaka emine noma emihlanu, umanyolo ufafaze noma uthele nxazonke, kodwa hhayi eduze kwesiqu. Esikhathini esizayo, njengoba isimiso sezimpande sikhula, indawo yokwengeza izithako zanda ngesigamu semitha njalo ngonyaka.
Okuthandwa kakhulu nge-apricot ngesikhathi nangemva kokuqhakaza kubhekwa okulandelayo kokudla:
- i-humus (umquba) (4 kg), i-nitrogen (6 g), i-phosphorus (5 g), i-potassium (8 g) nge-1 sq. km. m;
- umquba (5-6 kg / 1 sq. m);
- izinyoni zezinyoni (300 g / 1 sq. m);
- urea (2 tbsp. l / 10 l).
Izihlahla zezitshalo
Yondla izihlahla zezithelo (raspberries, currants, blackberries, njll) entwasahlobo kungcono kakhulu izinto ezilandelayo:
- i-ammonium nitrate (25-30 g / 1 sq. m);
- ammonium sulfate (40-50 g / 1 sq. m.).
Ngaphansi kwempande yenza:
- ihlanjululwe ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi, irea (3 tbsp. l.) nomlotha (isigamu indebe);
- umquba (ibhakede elilodwa) ne-saltpeter.
NgoMeyi, ukugqoka ama-foliar kuzosiza. Ukufafaza nge-potassium sulphate ne-superphosphate, i-manganese sulphate ne-boric acid isetshenziselwa yona.
Izithelo ezinhle ziyabonakala ezitshalweni ezifakwe nge-potassium permanganate (5-10 g), i-boric acid (2-3 g), i-sulphate yethusi (30-40 g) encibilikiswe emanzini (10 l).
Ukwethulwa kwezakhi ezidingekayo kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile futhi esibalulekile ekunakekelweni kwanoma yiziphi izitshalo. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi kokubili ukungabi khona kwezinto nezinto ezingaphezu kwazo kungaba yingozi emithini, izihlahla nezilimo, futhi kuholele ekuthuthukiseni izifo nokuhlasela kwezidumbu.
Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukudla okunomsoco kulinganiselwe futhi kwenziwa kuphela uma kudingekile ngempela izitshalo nenhlabathi, kanye namanani anconywa kulo mkhuba othile.
